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SICNA 29 Aug 2013 – Lubbock TX

Improving the use of sorghum distillers grains in beef cattle diets

Jim MacDonald, PhD, PAS

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Status of sorghum distillers grains in beef cattle scientific literature

Owens, 2008

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Does Grain Type Influences WDGS?

100% Corn 100% Sorghum

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Nutrient profile of sorghum and corn

Item Corn Sorghum

NDF 10.1 8.7

ADF 3.7 5.2

Lignin 1.2 1.3

Hemicellulose 6.4 3.5

Hemicellulose % of NDF

63.2 40.0

Source: Dairy One Feed Library

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Does grain type influences nutrient profile?

Item Corn WDGS

Sorghum WDGS

Blended WDGS

CP 26.8 40.0 30.4

Fat 11.0 7.0 10.1

NDF 23.3 43.9 36.0

S 0.74 0.45 0.61

Solubles may have varied considerably

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Effect of Corn Processing and NDF Content on the Digestibility

of WDGS

DRC vs. SFC (P = 0.73)CWDGS vs. SWDGS (P < 0.01)

Interaction (P = 0.60)Assumes kp = 0.05/hr

Ru

min

al D

M D

ige

sti

blit

y, %

(Lewis et al, 2009. J. Anim. Sci. 87E-Suppl. 3:40 (Abstr.)).

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Relationship of NDF and Energy in WDGS

(JC MacDonald, unpublished).

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Strategies to Improve Fiber Digestibility

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Titration of limestone on the pH of wet distillers grains

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Effect of buffer and enzyme on fiber content and pH

  No enzyme Added enzyme   -P-Value-

Item No Buffer Buffer No Buffer Buffer SE Buffer Enzyme Interaction

Initial pH 3.68c 5.78a 3.63d 5.34b 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01Final pH 3.68c 5.17a 3.55d 4.46b 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01Final DM, % 33.1g 34.0f 33.3g 34.7e 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 0.05

Final NDF, % 40.6 40.7 37.9 37.2 1.61 0.83 0.05 0.82

Final ADF, % 16.9 17.1 16.6 17.4 0.82 0.51 0.93 0.71

Means within row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

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Effect of buffer and enzyme on digestibility parameters

  No enzyme Added enzyme   -P-Value-

Item1 No Buffer Buffer No Buffer Buffer SE Buffer Enzyme Interaction

IVTD, % 79.7 81.2 81.3 82.5 0.9 0.14 0.10 0.85

NDFD, % 50.0 54.2 50.7 53.1 2.3 0.14 0.91 0.67

ADFD, % 46.9 51.7 56.4 59.3 2.5 0.12 <0.01 0.69

INDF, % 20.3 18.8 18.7 17.5 0.8 0.14 0.10 0.85

IADF, % 8.98 8.26 7.24 7.10 0.4 0.28 <0.01 0.47

IHEMI, % 11.4 10.6 11.5 10.4 0.5 0.07 0.93 0.77

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Effect of buffered enzymes on rumen digestibility

Item UNT ENZ BUFFERED NaOH NaOH+ENZ SE P-value

pH 3.27 3.25 4.71 4.96 4.46 - -Dry Matter              

a (%) 47.7d 54.5b 60.7a 49.8c 54.3b 0.5 <0.01b (%) 45.2 40.9 38.0 40.5 39.3 2.6 0.17c (%/hr) 2.76ab 1.77b 1.89b 3.09a 2.37ab 0.5 0.06ERD (%) 63.3d 65.1bc 69.6a 64.0cd 66.1b 1.1 <0.01Extent (%) 89.1 87.9 88.5 86.4 88.2 1.5 0.45

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Effect of buffered enzyme on rumen ADF digestibilityItem UNT ENZ BUFFERED SEM P-value

ADF, % 25.1 27.3 20.5 - -a (%) 31.7c 44.1a 40.1b 0.2 <0.01b (%) 61.1 44.9 53.3 6.7 0.13c (%) 2.64 2.62 2.28 0.6 0.83ERD (%) 51.3b 59.3a 54.4b 1.5 0.01Extent (%) 85.1a 85.4a 79.7b 4.6 0.07

Indigestible ADF

12.2 11.1 9.3 -  

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Summary of Laboratory Work

• Enzymes solubilize fiber• Remaining fiber has similar digestibility• Greater overall digestion

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Animal performance and digestion

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Nutrient profile of WDGS fed to growing steers

Item Control1 Enzyme Buffered Enzyme

CP 35.1 32.1 32.6

NDF 35.7 24.7 22.9

ADF 21.2 15.6 15.0

Crude fat 11.4 11.4 11.4

Ca 0.11 0.11 3.99

P 0.87 0.81 0.77

K 1.07 1.02 0.96

S 0.58 0.54 0.53

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Effect of buffered enzyme on performance of growing steers

Item Control Enzyme Buffered Enzyme

SEM P-value

Initial BW, lb

584 584 584 1 0.99

Ending BW, lb

868 873 854 9 0.32

ADG, lb 3.39 3.44 3.22 0.11 0.32

DMI, lb2 19.6ab 20.3a 18.5b 0.5 0.04

G:F 0.173 0.169 0.174 0.004 0.66

F:G 5.78 5.92 5.75 - -

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In Vivo Digestibility Estimates

Item Control Enzyme Buffered Enzyme

SEM P-value

OM Dig 76.0 73.8 76.0 1 0.23

NDF Dig 54.7 55.0 56.6 1.1 0.45

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Summary of buffered enzyme work

• Buffered enzymes showed promise in vitro• Animal trial do not support improved

performance• Animal performance trial• In vivo digestion trial

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Effects of NaOH on in vitro digestibility

% NaOH

% D

iges

tibili

ty

15% increase in fiber digestibility

(JC MacDonald, unpublished).

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Acknowledgements

Funding• United Sorghum Checkoff• Texas Corn Producers

Board• Biozyme Incorporated• USDA-ARS• Texas State Distillers

Grains Initiative

Research Team• Dr. Ted McCollum• Dr. N. Andy Cole• Dr. Jhones Sarturi• Dr. Christian Ponce• Jodi Patterson• Beverly Clark• Casey Brauer• Stacey Butler• Robby Bondurant