Post on 18-Mar-2018
KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN GLOBAL
Kerusakan di Bumi
Bencana yang sering terjadi di belahan dunia ini seperti tsunami, angin puting beliung, semakin panasnya suhu bumi (global warming), terjadinya banjir , banjir pasang/ kenaikan pasang air laut/rob,longsor berjangkitnya berbagai wabah penyakit dan sebagainya
Allah telah “murka” karena ulah manusia sehingga perlu memberikan adzab yang pedih kepada manusia.
Benarkah demikian ?.
Apakah Allah SWT sudah tidak Rahman dan Rahim lagi ??
Ar Rum ayat 41:
“ Telah nampak kerusakan di darat dan di laut disebabkan karena ulah manusia ..“
Jenis Kerusakan• Penipisan Lapisan Ozon
– (ozon depleting substances)
• Pemanasan/Perubahan Iklim Global
– (green house gas)
• Toksifikasi Global
– (hazardous substances, air/water/soil
pollution)
Produksi Ozon dan Lapisan Pelindung
PENIPISAN LAPISAN OZON
ftp://jwocky.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/eptoms/images/qcplots/zmqchl_v8.png
Konvensi, Protokol ttg Ozon
Pemanasan/Perubahan
Iklim Global
PELAJARAN HIDUP 1
persahabatanklik
• Kenaikan suhu Bumi
• Penyebab dominan gas CO2
The Greenhouse EffectWithout With
Simulasi Analogi Efek Rumah kaca
Kontribusi GRK Terhadap
Pemanasan Global
Gas ______%__
Carbon dioxide 57
Chlorofluorocarbons 25
Methane 12
Nitrous oxides 6
Kontribusi Aktivitas Manusia
Activity Percent contribution
Energy use 49
Industrial 24
Deforestrasi 14
Pertanian 13
Effects of global warming
• More carbon dioxide increase in plant growth.
• The increase in temperature rise in sea level from melting glaciers and polar ice caps (adds 0.2 mm annually)
• Rising temperatures will also cause drier conditions in many important agricultural regions.
GLOBAL WARMING : Sea Life
Coral Reef Bleaching
Change in temperature and elevated sea level cause loss of algae in
the coral.
Coral appears white, or “bleached.”
Result is mass death of sea animals, which are dependent on the
coral reef.
The penguin population near Antarctica has been declining as the
distance between them and their food has increased.
Rising Sea levels• The rise of
temperature, even to a few degrees, could lead to the melting of ice shelves that hold back glaciers. This results in rising sea levels
• The Larsen area of North Antarctic, South of Chili and Argentina have lost more than 5,200 sq miles of area.
The Effects of Global
Warming on Land animals• Global warming can disrupt the
migration, hibernation and reproductive cycles of certain types of animals.
• Plants and animals will find it hard to escape or adjust to the effects of warming because humans occupy so much land.
• Farmland or cities interrupt the movement of species between habitats.
Health & Global Warming
- Extreme temperatures can directly cause the loss of life (ex: 35,000 people died during heat wave in Europe, Aug‘03.)
- Warmer weather provides an ideal breeding environment for mosquitoes. Diseases such as West Nile will be more common..
Health & Global
Warming (cont.)High temperature can increase pollution of water and air, which harms the human body.
.
Tropical Diseases– Global Warming
increases drought which lessens the supply of clean drinking water.
• Cholera
– It increases temperature providing an ideal breeding environment for mosquitoes.
• Dengue fever
• Malaria
• Yellow fever
El Niño Effect
• Severe oceanic/atmospheric disturbance,
every 7-14 yrs (“the child”)
• Warm surface waters suppress cold, nutrient-rich upwelling
of the Humboldt Current
• Fall in the number of plankton
– Wreaks havoc upon the entire ocean food chain
– Devastates the fishing industry
Nilai Energi Faktor Konversi Kg CO2
.. kWh listrik x 0,43 …..
.. liter LPG x 1,50 …..
.. ton batu bara x 2,457 …..
.. liter bensin x 2,32 .....
.. liter solar x 2,63 …..
.. liter MFO x 3,223 …..
FAKTOR KONVERSI BAHAN BAKAR KE CO2
Simple Carbon Calculator
Ordinary
Bulbs CFLs
40W 7 - 10W
60W 15 -18W
100W 20 - 25W
150W 32W
EFISIENSI ENERGI
Toksifikasi Global
• Terdistribusinya bahan kimia berbahaya dan beracun di masyarakat tanpa mengetahui tingkat bahaya dan toksisitasnya
• Tesebarnya bahan kimia berbahaya hasil pembakaran, proses baik ke udara maupun ke perairan
• Penggunaan bahan kimia tidak ramah lingkungan (tanah)
Composition of the Atmosphere
Gas Formula Percent by volume
Nitrogen N2 78.08
Oxygen O2 20.94
Argon Ar 0.934
Carbon dioxide CO2 0.033
Neon Ne 0.00182
Helium He 0.00052
Methane CH4 0.00015
Krypton Kr 0.00011
Hydrogen H2 0.00005
Nitrous oxide N2O 0.00005
Xenon Xe 0.000009
Note: average for dry, clean air
Air Pollutants Carbon monoxide (CO)
colorless, odorless, non-irritating poison
attaches to hemoglobin; reduces oxygen carrying
capacity
results in headaches, drowsiness and asphyxiation
Hydrocarbons (HC)denotes a large group of volatile organic
compounds
some are carcinogens, poison etc.
Air Pollutants (cont.)
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)colorless corrosive gas
respiratory irritant and poison
can result in H2SO4
Particulates Matter (PM)small pieces of solid or liquid materials dispersed
in the atmosphere
0.005-100 µm
reduction in visibility, respiratory problems
Air Pollutants (cont.) Nitrogen Oxides (NO2)
critical component for smog formation
compounds acid precipitation problems
Photochemical Oxidantsproducts of secondary atmospheric reactions
driven by solar energy
e.g., O3, PAN, acrolein
strong oxidants, eye irritant etc.
H3C C O O
O
Na
Peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN)
H2C CH CH
O
Acrolein
Air Pollutants (cont.) Lead (Pb)
released as metal fumes or suspended particles
major source was leaded gasoline
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)generally considered non-toxic and innocuous
not listed as air pollutant
increasing concentrations have been related to
global warming
Air Pollutants (cont.)Classification
PM10 CO
SOX Hydro Carbons
Lead Ozone
NOX
Criteria Pollutants
Hazardous Air Pollutants
pose a variety of health effects
e.g. irritation, asphyxia etc.
Toxic Air Pollutants
focuses on physiological response
e.g. toxicity
Non-Criteria Pollutants
Air Pollutants