Post on 04-Oct-2020
Max Planck Institutefor Biogeochemistry
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the
additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a
inverse modelling framework
Tonatiuh Guillermo Nuñez Ramirez et al. !
European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2015 Session BG2.3: Understanding CO2 and CH4 fluxes from
WETLANDS: Reducing the gaps between experimentalists and modellers
Vienna 2015
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
Acknowledgements
2
Full author list:
Tonatiuh Guillermo Nuñez Ramirez, Julia Marshall, Sander Houweling, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Douglas E. J. Worthy, Bruce Vaughn, Isobel Simpson, James White, Willi A. Brand, Motoki Sasakawa, Silvia Nichol, Michel Ramonet, Stanley C. Tyler, Jacques Hueber, Detlev Helmig, Katie Read, Schalini Punjabi, Luciana Vanni Gatti, Paul Krummel, Joe Melton, Marc Delmotte, Yukio Fukuyama, Yasunori Tohjima, Karin Uhse, Gordon Brailsford, Ernst Brunke, Toshinobu Machida and Martin Heimann
Additional acknowledgements:
Catherine Prigent, Fabrice Papa, Thomas Rockmann, Christoph Gerbig, Veronika Beck, William Riley, Hanquin Tian, Xiaofeng Xu, Renato Spahni, Rita Wania, E. Hodson, Bruno Ringeval, Peter Hopcroft, Christoph Brühl, Christian Plaß-Dülmer, Armin Jordan, Jos Olivier, Stefan Schwietzke and Patrick Jöckel, Donald Blake
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
Transport modelling
3
CH4 mixing ratio surface layerCH4 latitudinal profile
AdvectionConvection
Turbulent mixing
Advection
Photochemistry
CH4+OH →CH3º + H2O
Horizontal resolution ~4º latitude x 5º longitude
Vertical resolution 26 hybrid sigma pressure levels
Meteorology ERA-Interim re-analysis 3-hourly
Chemistry Fixed OH, Cl and O(1D) concentrations
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 4
Transport modelling
Transport model TM3A-priori fluxes CH4 mixing ratio
at stations
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45CH4 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass BurningFossil
BiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterWild ruminants & insectsMinor anthropogenicTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
A-priori flux estimates
5
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
CH
4 mix
ing
ratio
[ppb
]
Observations Prior
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 6
Flux optimization
Transport model TM3
A-priori fluxes
Modelled CH4 mixing ratio
Observed CH4 mixing ratio
Adjoint model TM3
SensitivitiesCost function!!
J = mismatch + adjustment
Adjusted fluxes
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 7
f = ffix
+ Fp
Prior Flux
A
B
Possible area of perturbation
Gradient between stations A and B
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−180 −120 −60 0 60 120 180Longitude
Latit
ude
[g m−2a−1]
0.0005.62511.25016.87522.50028.12533.75039.37545.000
A-priori flux estimate
shape function
● ●●●●
●
●●
●
● ●
●
●●
●
●●
●
●●
●
●●●●●
●●●●●
ABP
ALT
AMS
ARH
ASC
ASK
AZR
BAL
BGU
BHD
BIK
BKT
BMW
BRW
BSC
CBA
CFA
CGO
CHL
CHR
CPT
CRI
CRZ
CVR
CYA
DEMDEM
EGB
EIC
ESPETL
FSD
GMI
HBA
GSNHAT
HUN
ICE IGRIGR
IZO
JFJ
KEY
KRSKRS
KUM
KZD KZM
LAU
LEFLLB
LLN
LMP
LPO
MAA
MEX
MHD
MID
MKN
MLOMNM
MQA
NGL
NWROXK
PAL
PDM PRS
PSA
PTAPUY
RPB
RYOSDZ
SEY
SGP
SHMSHT
SMO
SPO
SSL
STMSUM
SYO
TAP
TDF
TER
THD
TT34
UTA UUMVGNVGN
WISWKTWLG
WSA
YAKYAK
YON
ZEP
ZOTZOTZOTZOTZOT
ZSF
DRP
PIP
POC SAN
TDA
UCI
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−180 −150 −120 −90 −60 −30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
wind direction
Ground stations Mobile stations UCI stations
Flux optimization
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8CH4 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass Burning
FossilBiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
CH4 mixing ratio only inversion
8
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
CH
4 mix
ing
ratio
[ppb
]
Observations CH4 only Prior
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
Posterior - Prior
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 9
Validation with δ13CH4 and C2H6
Transport model TM3
Optimized CH4 fluxes
δ13CH4 at stations
13CH4CH4
C2H6CH4
CH4 mixing ratio at stations
C2H6 mixing ratio at stations
ALT
ARH
ASC
AZR
BHD
BRW
CBA
CGO
CVRKUM
MHD
MLO
NWR
SHT
SMO
SPO
TAPWLG
ZEP
ZOT
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−180 −150 −120 −90 −60 −30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
δ13CH4 Isotopic ratio
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
Atmospheric Measurement Station Networks
10
● ●●●●
●
●●
●
● ●
●
●●
●
●●
●
●●
●
●●●●●
●●●●●
ABP
ALT
AMS
ARH
ASC
ASK
AZR
BAL
BGU
BHD
BIK
BKT
BMW
BRW
BSC
CBA
CFA
CGO
CHL
CHR
CPT
CRI
CRZ
CVR
CYA
DEMDEM
EGB
EIC
ESPETL
FSD
GMI
HBA
GSNHAT
HUN
ICE IGRIGR
IZO
JFJ
KEY
KRSKRS
KUM
KZD KZM
LAU
LEFLLB
LLN
LMP
LPO
MAA
MEX
MHD
MID
MKN
MLOMNM
MQA
NGL
NWROXK
PAL
PDM PRS
PSA
PTAPUY
RPB
RYOSDZ
SEY
SGP
SHMSHT
SMO
SPO
SSL
STMSUM
SYO
TAP
TDF
TER
THD
TT34
UTA UUMVGNVGN
WISWKTWLG
WSA
YAKYAK
YON
ZEP
ZOTZOTZOTZOTZOT
ZSF
DRP
PIP
POC SAN
TDA
UCI
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−180 −150 −120 −90 −60 −30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
CH4 mixing ratio
ABP
ALT
ASC
ASK
AZR
BAL
BKT
BRW
BSC
CBA
CGOCRZ
CVR
EGB
EIC
GMI
HBA
HPB
ICE
IZOKUM
LEFLLB
MEX
MHD
MID
MKN
MLO
NAT
OXK
PAL
PSA
RIG
SEY
SGP
SHM
SMO
SPO
SUM
SYO
TAP
TDF
THD UTA
ZEP
UCI
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−180 −150 −120 −90 −60 −30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180
C2H6 mixing ratio
Ground station (flask or continuous)Mobile station (ship or airplane)UCI station (canister sampling 1 x season)
Legend
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
1e−01
1e−02
1e−03
1e−04
1e−05
−90 −80 −70 −60 −50 −40 −30 −20 −10δ13CH4 [permil]
Etha
ne to
met
hane
Rat
io
Origin●
●
●
●
BiogenicPyrogenicThermogenic
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Geologic Biomass burning
Fuelwood
Rice
WetlandsLandfills
Ruminant
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
Isotopic and ethane-to-methane signature ratios
11
−90
−60
−30
0
30
60
90
−180 −120 −60 0 60 120Longitude
Latit
ude
CH4 Flux [mg m−2d−1]
−72.0−69.8−67.6−65.4−63.2−61.0−58.8−56.6−54.4−52.2−50.0
fwetland,CH4 = fPRI,wetland,CH4 + Fwetland,CH4p
fwetland,13CH4= fPRI,wetland,13CH4
+13CH4CH4
Fwetland,CH4p
fixed ratio
Wetland 13CH4 signal
δ13CH4 [‰]
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45CH4 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass BurningFossil
BiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterWild ruminants & insectsMinor anthropogenicTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 12
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
δ13C
H4 [
perm
ill]
ObservationsPrior
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
δ13CH4 - CH4 mixing ratio only inversion
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8CH4 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass Burning
FossilBiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 13
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
δ13C
H4 [
perm
ill]
ObservationsCH4 only
Prior
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
δ13CH4 - CH4 mixing ratio only inversion
Posterior - Prior
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0C2H6 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass BurningFossil
BiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterWild ruminants & insectsMinor anthropogenicTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 14
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
C2H
6 mix
ing
ratio
[ppt
]
ObservationsPrior
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
C2H6 - CH4 mixing ratio only inversion
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8CH4 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass Burning
FossilBiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 15
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
C2H
6 mix
ing
ratio
[ppt
]
ObservationsCH4 only
Prior
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
C2H6 - CH4 mixing ratio only inversion
Posterior - Prior
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 16
Multi-species inversion
Transport model TM3
A-priori CH4 fluxes
Model CH4
Adjoint model TM3
SensitivitiesCost function!
!J = mismatch + adjustment
13CH4CH4
C2H6CH4
Model δ13CH4
Model C2H6
Obs. CH4
Obs. δ13CH4
Obs. C2H6
Adjusted CH4 fluxes
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8CH4 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Scenario CH4 only CH4+d13CH4+C2H6
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass Burning
FossilBiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
Multi-species inversion - CH4 mixing ratio
17
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
CH
4 mix
ing
ratio
[ppb
]
ObservationsCH4+13CH4+C2H6
CH4 onlyPrior
CH4+C2H6CH4+13CH4
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
CH4+δ13CH4+C2H6 CH4
CH4+δ13CH4+C2H6 CH4
Posterior - Prior
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8CH4 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Scenario CH4 only CH4+d13CH4+C2H6
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass Burning
FossilBiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 18
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
δ13C
H4 [
perm
ill]
ObservationsCH4+13CH4+C2H6
CH4 onlyPrior
CH4+C2H6CH4+13CH4
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
Multi-species inversion - δ13CH4 mixing ratio
CH4+δ13CH4+C2H6 CH4
Posterior - Prior
−90−63
−45
−23
0
23
45
6390
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8CH4 Emissions [Tg/yr]
Latit
ude
Scenario CH4 only CH4+d13CH4+C2H6
Process
WetlandsRiceSoil OxidationOceansBiomass Burning
FossilBiofuelsAnimal husbandry & manureLandfills and waste waterTotal flux
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 19
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
C2H
6 mix
ing
ratio
[ppt
]
ObservationsCH4+13CH4+C2H6
CH4 onlyPrior
CH4+C2H6CH4+13CH4
Alert, Canada Barrow, Alaska
Mauna Loa, HI Ascension Island
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
Multi-species inversion - C2H6 mixing ratio
CH4+δ13CH4+C2H6 CH4
Posterior - Prior
BMW
CHL
EGB
ETL
FSD
KEY
LEF
LLB
NWRPTASGP
UTA
WKT
45
50
55
60
−115 −110 −105 −100 −95 −90 −85 −80 −75Longitude
Latit
ude
[g m−2a−1]
0.001.252.503.755.006.257.508.7510.00
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here 20
−112.45, LLB −104.98, ETL −94.07, CHL −90.27, LEF −81.57, FSD −79.78, EGB
1800185019001950200020502100
2010 2010.5 2010 2010.5 2010 2010.5 2010 2010.5 2010 2010.5 2010 2010.5Time/DateC
H4 m
ixin
g ra
tio [p
pb]
ObservationsCH4+13CH4+C2H6
CH4 onlyPrior
CH4+C2H6CH4+13CH4
Lac La Biche East Trout Lake Park Falls Fraserdale EgbertChurchill
−112.45, LLB −90.27, LEF
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2010 2010.5 2010 2010.5Time/Date
C2H
6 mix
ing
ratio
[ppb
]
Lac La Biche −112.45, LLB −90.27, LEF
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2010 2010.5 2010 2010.5Time/Date
C2H
6 mix
ing
ratio
[ppb
]
−112.45, LLB −90.27, LEF
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2010 2010.5 2010 2010.5Time/Date
C2H
6 mix
ing
ratio
[ppb
]
Park Fallsppt
ppt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 120.0e
+00
2.0e
+11
4.0e
+11
Hudson Bay Lowland
MonthMonth
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Inun
date
d Ar
ea [k
m2 ]
Wet
land
CH
4 Em
issi
on [T
g m
onth
−1]
Multi-species inversion - Case: Hudson Bay Lowland
InundationCH4 only CH4+13CH4
CH4+C2H6
CH4+13CH4+C2H6
Prior
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
170017501800185019001950
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011 2010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
CH
4 mix
ing
ratio
[ppb
]
ObservationsCH4+13CH4+C2H6
CH4 onlyPrior
CH4+C2H6CH4+13CH4
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
ALT BRW
MLO ASC
SMO CGO
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
−48.0
−47.6
−47.2
−46.8
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011
2010 2010.3 2010.7 20112010 2010.3 2010.7 2011Time/Date
δ13C
H4 [
perm
ill]
ObservationsCH4+13CH4+C2H6
CH4 onlyPrior
CH4+C2H6CH4+13CH4
American Samoa Cape Grim, Aus.
CH
4 mix
ing
ratio
δ13 C
H4 [
‰]
• First attempt of attaining source differentiated CH4 fluxes that are consistent with δ13CH4 and C2H6 signals at a global scale
• Southern Hemisphere trade-off - more CH4 but more enriched δ13CH4 signal is needed – Southern Hemisphere CH4 dominated by tropical wetlands emissions– Biomass burning enhanced but still relatively small source!!!
!!!!
• Limitations:– Variability in source signature ratios should be taken in consideration
• e.g. enriched δ13CH4 signal in the Amazon
– Large uncertainty in marine boundary layer Cl atoms
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
Conclusion
21
Isolating wetland methane emissions using the additional constraints of δ13CH4, and ethane in a inverse modelling framework ‘Chapter’ - type here
Thank you!
22