SELEX Galileo, a Finmeccanica Company

Refrigerants In Aerospace

Cooling The Typhoon

Derek M Cranvey02 December 2010

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Eurofighter Typhoon

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Thomas Midgley Jr

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Avionics - Cooling

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1903

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Lockheed Constellation 1939

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Avro Vulcan 1952

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Lockheed Electra 1957

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Boeing 707 - 1958

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Douglas DC8 - 1959

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Learjet 24 1966

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Cessna 172 1978

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EAG 3273 1957

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Rotary

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Above Atmosphere

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Food Storage Douglas DC3 - 1935

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1939 Boeing 307 Stratoliner

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PBY Mariner 1940

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Vickers VC 10 - 1962

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Airbus A380 2005

© Airbus Industrie

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Praetorian DASS

• Defensive Aids Sub System• Integrated into Aircraft• Multiple Threats • Distributed Sensors• ECM / ESM • On Board and Off Board Countermeasures

• Flare dispenser • Chaff dispenser • Towed Decoy

• Missile Warners • Laser Warner• Automatic• Threat Detection• Threat Identification

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Threats

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Praetorian DASS Topology

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Wing Tip Pods

Port WTP

Starboard WTP

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Cooler LRI

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Praetorian Cooling System

LRI – EvaporatorHeat Load?

Hot Vapour

Cold Liquid

Hot Air

WTP Cooler

RAM Air

Heat Exchanger -Condenser

RAM Air Turbine - Compressor

Expansion Valves

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Cooler LRI

V-flange

Air inletTurbine statorTurbine wheelCondenser

Compressor

Electro-pump

Tank

Shaft seal

Bearings

Air outlet & Louver valve

Air outlet seal

Rear lug

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R245fa

• 100°C Air On• HFC 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane

R11 R123 R245fa R134a

CCl3F CF3-CHCl2 CF3CH2CHF2 C2H2F4

137.37 152.93 134 102

24 28 15 -26.3

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AGE

• Charge and Recovery• Below Boiling Point fluid will not charge by standing pressure.• Compressor can not be ground run ‘easily’• Below Boiling Point Conventional Recovery Equipment Does NOT ‘work’• Close to Boiling Point Conventional Recovery Equipment is ‘challenged’• AGE Requirement to Charge and Recover from -40 to +50°C

• Ground Test• Option A …. Ram Air Blower• Option B ….. Work like the Cooler LRI

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Charge/Recovery & Ground Test

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Leak Detection

• In Manufacture• Helium – Chamber Testing 10-5 to 10-6 m.bar.l.sec-1• Mass Spectrometer (Turbo Molecular Pump)

• Why helium• Not because of its ‘searching’ properties (what ever that is?)• Not because of its Molecular size (10-7 m.bar.l.sec-1)• Its because we can quantify the leak rate (using standard gas equation)

• On Flight Line• Helium• Ion Science Gas Check• WISE Sensor (Semi Permeable Membrane)• Hand Held Detectors ‘a waste of time’• FLIR?• More FLIR?

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ASHRAE

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Heritage?

• Midgley• Stable• Non Flammable• Non Toxic

• LP & HP Available• Natural Refrigerants? • HFC’s to HFO’s?• Where is the hardware?• Where are the images?

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Acknowledgements

• Images • Author• SELEX Galileo• UK MoD• US DoD• Finmeccanica• Flight magazine• Airbus Industrie• Other images are internet sourced and are owners copyright• Specific image sources can be provided on request

• Data• Praetorian Project Team, SELEX Galileo, Luton.• DASS IPT, Military Air Solutions, BAE Systems, Warton,• RAF Coningsby, Lincolnshire• Augusto Franzini of Fimac SpA, Milan, Italy• Elettronica SpA, Rome, Italy• Judith Evans & Andrew Gigiel, RD&T, Bristol• Roger Day, RDA Environmental Engineering, Isle of Wight• Ted Garner, Vacuum Engineering, Manchester• Lightfoot Defence, Fareham• Ernest West & Beynon, Paddock Wood• JTL Systems, Newbury• Henk Van Der Maaten (Retd) & Raymond H Thomas, Honeywell Fluorine products.

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Questions

• Rulesa) Don’t know…but will find outb) Cant tell you…business confidential (or really don’t know)