Post on 03-Jan-2016
description
Introduction to Plants…..
2
Biology I Review:• What is botany?
– The study of plants
• What is the general traits of the Plant kingdom:– Eukaryotic
• Cells contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
– Autotrophic• Makes its own food through the process of
– photosynthesis
– Multicellular
Overall structure of a plant cell:• A: Vacuole
– Storage area for water and sugar
• B: Cell wall– Provide shape and support
• D: Nucleus– Contains DNA
• E: Mitochondria– Breaks sugar down into energy
• F:Chloroplast– Site of photosynthesis
3
Importance of plants:
• Major role in our water cycle• Uses up CO2 and produces O2
• Used as our primary food source
• Source of medicine– Yams produce cortisone that treat inflamation
• Source of fabric– Cotton, linen (flax), hemp
4
• Basis of fossil fuels– coal, oil and natural gas
• Stored photosynthetic energy from millions of years ago
• Used for housing and shelters
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 5
Plant Kingdom shows much biodiversity
• Plant Kingdom is made up of 12 phyla and includes over 270,000 different species
• 500 million years ago plants were only in the water
• Land plants appeared 430 million years ago– What changed to move plants from water to land?
– Development of the ozone layer» Protected plants from the sun’s harmful UV rays
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 6
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 7
What adaptations were needed to allow a plant to move from a water to a land
environment?• 1. Development of a cuticle
– Waxy, protective covering that prevents water loss
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 8
• 2. Development of stomata– Small openings on the surface that allows O2
and CO2 to move in and out of plant
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 9
• Must reproduce with spores or seeds– These structures prevent water loss, provide
protection and nourish embryo• Sounds like what structure we already learned about
in the animal kingdom?
-the egg
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 10
• Had to have the formation of vascular tissue– A type of tissue that provides support, transports
water and dissolved substances from one part of the plant to another
• 1. Xylem:
-carries water and inorganic nutrients from
roots to stems and leaves
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 11
• 2. Phloem– Carries organic food molecules (sugars) and
water in any direction depending on a plants needs
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 12
Plant Classification:
• Plants are divided into 2 main groups:– 1. Vascular:
• Has vascular tissues, roots, stems and leaves• Examples:
– Ferns, flowering plants and conifers
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 13
• 2. Nonvascular:-has no vascular tissue
-No true roots, stems or leaves
-Examples:
-mosses and liverworts
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 14
Vascular: further divided into two groups
• Seedless plants Seeded plants
• FERNS• reproduce with spores
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 15
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Gynmosperms:
• -include pines, evergreens and ginkgoes– Seeds are not encased in a fruit
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 16
Angiosperms:
• -Flowering plants– Seeds are produced within a flower and housed
in some type of protective fruit
Examples: Apples, cherries,
grass
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 17
Angiosperms are further divided into:
• Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
(monocots) (dicots)
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 18
What is a cotyledon?-first leaf of embryo
Free Template from www.brainybetty.com 19