Introduction to Artifical Intelligence

Introduction to Artifical Intelligence

Jitendra Malik

U.C. Berkeley

Jitendra Malik

U.C. Berkeley

BRAINBRAIN

Imaging the BrainImaging the Brain

Some facts…Some facts…

• 100 Billion neurons

• On average, connected to 1 K others

• Neurons are slow. Firing rates < 100 Hz.

• Can be classified into– Sensory – Motor– Central

• 100 Billion neurons

• On average, connected to 1 K others

• Neurons are slow. Firing rates < 100 Hz.

• Can be classified into– Sensory – Motor– Central

Sensory SystemsSensory Systems

• Vision (nearly 30-50% )

• Audition (nearly 10%)

• Somatic

• Chemical– Taste– Olfaction

• Vision (nearly 30-50% )

• Audition (nearly 10%)

• Somatic

• Chemical– Taste– Olfaction

Motor SystemsMotor Systems

• Locomotion

• Manipulation

• Speech

• Locomotion

• Manipulation

• Speech

Central SystemsCentral Systems

• Reasoning and problem solving

• Language

• ……..

• Reasoning and problem solving

• Language

• ……..

NEURONNEURON

Trends in biological and machine brain evolution

Trends in biological and machine brain evolution

Hans Moravec: ROBOTHans Moravec: ROBOT

Moravec’s argumentMoravec’s argument

• 1 neuron = 1000 instructions/sec• 1 synapse = 1 byte of information• Human brain then processes 10^14 IPS and

has 10^14 bytes of storage• In 2000, we have 10^9 IPS and 10^9 bytes

on a desktop machine• In 25 years, assuming Moore’s law we

obtain human level computing power

• 1 neuron = 1000 instructions/sec• 1 synapse = 1 byte of information• Human brain then processes 10^14 IPS and

has 10^14 bytes of storage• In 2000, we have 10^9 IPS and 10^9 bytes

on a desktop machine• In 25 years, assuming Moore’s law we

obtain human level computing power

How Intelligence could have begun…

How Intelligence could have begun…

• V. Braitenberg: Vehicles, Experiments in Synthetic Psychology

• V. Braitenberg: Vehicles, Experiments in Synthetic Psychology

Agents and EnvironmentsAgents and Environments

Reflex agent with stateReflex agent with state

Goal-oriented agentGoal-oriented agent

Utility-based agentUtility-based agent