Post on 18-Oct-2020
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Introduction to LATEXIAP 2014
Megan Belznerbelzner@mit.edu
Student Information Processing Board
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Basic DocumentWriting LaTeX CodeBasic Formatting
Making it Look NiceStructureMath ModeFigures and TablesMacros
Beamer
Conclusion
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
LATEX is. . .
. . . a sophisticated document preparation sytem.
LATEX has. . .
I Stylistic uniformity
I Bibliography support
I Sophisticated structuring abilities
I Reference tracking
I Highly extendible capabilities
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
LATEX is not. . .
. . . a word processor.
LATEX does not. . .
I Spell-check your documents
I Give you complete control over formatting
I Provide a graphical interface for editing
“You take care of writing, and we’ll take care ofpresentation.”
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
A Brief History
It all started with Donald Knuth and The Art of ComputerProgramming. . .
I TEX - a computer language used for typesetting mathand other technical material.
I Created in the late 1970s by Donald Knuth
I LATEX - a higher-level method of accessing the power ofTEX
I Created in the early 1980s by Leslie Lamport
LATEX is pronounced lah-tech or lay-tech.
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Why LATEX?
Presentation shouldn’t get in the way of content.
For example. . .
I With a word processor, you spend valuable time agonizingover what font size to make the section headings.
I With LATEX, you just tell it to start a new section.
I With a word processor, changing the formatting means youhave to change each instance individually.
I With LATEX, you just redefine the relevant commands.
I With a word processor, you have to carefully match anyprovided templates.
I With LATEX, you can be sure you’ve fit the template, andswitch templates easily.
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Basic DocumentWriting LaTeX CodeBasic Formatting
Making it Look NiceStructureMath ModeFigures and TablesMacros
Beamer
Conclusion
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
”Hello LATEX!”
Creating a LATEX Document
I Write a .tex file using any text editor
% this is hello.tex
\documentclass{article}\begin{document}
Hello, \LaTeX!\end{document}
I Compile using latex or pdflatex$ cd path/to/folder/containing/file
$ pdflatex hello.tex
I Preview the results
$ evince hello.pdf &
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
documentclass
LATEX has several templates, selected using \documentclass
Classes:
I book
I report
I article
I letter
I beamer
Etc.
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Declarations and Environments
Declarations. . .
I Are stated once
I Take effect until further notice
I Can optionally be constrained
Ex. \documentclass, \small
Environments. . .
I Have matching begin and end declarations
I Must be constrained
Ex. \begin{document} ...\end{document}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Arguments
Required arguments. . .
I Are contained in curly braces
I Must be included
Ex. \documentclass{article}
Optional arguments. . .
I Are contained in square brackets
I Can be left out
I Give you more control over the commands
Ex. \documentclass[12pt]{article}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Special Characters
I Another type of command
I Don’t define any formatting or structure
I Print non-standard characters or characters whichusually mean something else
Ex. \LaTeX, \textbackslash, \&
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Packages
Packages allow you to further customize LATEX.
The command:\usepackage{name}
Some packages:
graphicx, epsfig, geometry, fancyhdr, setspace, amsmath,listings, xcolor, url. . .
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Font Types
Font face:\emph{Text}, \textbf{Text}, \texttt{Text},\textrm{Text}, \textsf{Text}, \textsc{Text}
Font size:{\tiny Text}, {\scriptsize Text}, {\footnotesize Text},{\small Text}, {\normalsize Text}, {\large Text},{\Large Text}, {\LARGE Text}, {\hugeText},{\HugeText}Alignment:
\begin{center/flushright/flushleft}...
\end{center/flushright/flushleft}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Spacing
MarginsThe default: between 1.5 inches and 1.875 inches
Setting margins: \usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
Paragraphs and other breaksParagraphs are separated by a blank line.You can force a new line using \\To force a new page, use \newpage or \clearpage
Other spacingForce a space using ∼Add space using \hspace{1in} or \vspace{1in}Fill space using \hfill or \vfill
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Lists
There are two main types. . .
Bulleted lists:\begin{itemize}\item Text\item Text
\end{itemize}
I Text
I Text
Numbered lists:\begin{enumerate}\item Text\item Text
\end{enumerate}
1. Text
2. Text
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Basic DocumentWriting LaTeX CodeBasic Formatting
Making it Look NiceStructureMath ModeFigures and TablesMacros
Beamer
Conclusion
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Getting Started
Downloadhttp://web.mit.edu/belzner/Public/latex/scigen.zip
and open scigen.tex in your favorite text editor
% this is scigen.tex
\documentclass[12pt]{article}\begin{document}
...
\end{document}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Title
I Declare the title, author, and date
\documentclass[12pt]{article}\title{The Effect of Wearable Technology}\author{John Doe and Jane Doe}\date{}
I Add the title page\begin{document}\maketitle
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Sections
LATEX is built off of the idea of structure over formatting
\section{Introduction}
Layers of sectioning
part (books only)chapter (books and reports only)
sectionsubsection
subsubsection
paragraph
subparagraph
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Abstract and ToC
Abstracts\begin{abstract}
The implications of secure methodologies...
\end{abstract}
Table of Contents\end{abstract}
\tableofcontents
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
References and Appendices
Footnotes...telephony\footnote{Phony telephones}
Bibliographies
\bibliography{scigen}\bibliographystyle{acm}
Appendices
\appendix\section{Appendix}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Bibliographies
BibTEX@Article{cite:0,
Author = {John Backus},Title = {Symmetric Encryption},Journal = {Journal of Modalities},Month = jul,
Year = 1993,
Volume = 46,
Pages = {44--57}}
CitationsRedundancy \cite{cite:0}
For multiple citations:
...methodology \cite{cite:1, cite:2}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Typesetting Math
LATEX allows you to typeset any sort of equations.
LATEX math support∫ b
a
dθ
1 + θ2= tan−1 b − tan−1 a
Using math mode
Inline math mode: $...$∫∞1 e−xdx
∑∞n=0 n!
Display math mode: $$...$$
Numbered equations: \begin{equation}...\end{equation}A useful package: \usepackage{amsmath}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Some Commands
974 974
4 + 2 4+23√
5 \sqrt[3]{5}xy \frac{x}{y}
Axy A^{x} {y}∑n
k=1 k \sum {k=1}^n k
2 6= 4 2 \ne 4
φ ∈ Ψ \phi \in \Psiı̂× ̂ = k̂ \hat{\i} \times \hat{\j} = \hat{k}
f ′′(ξ) f’’(\xi)CH3COOH CH$ 3$COOH
180◦C 180$^{\circ}$C
...runs in $\Theta(\log n)$ time...
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Figures and Tables
Both are environments:
Figures
\begin{figure}...
\end{figure}
Tables\begin{table}
...
\end{table}
Positioning can be defined as an optional argument:\begin{figure}[htbp]
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
includegraphics
Required Packages\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
The Commands\subsection{Hardware Configuration}
\begin{figure}[ht]\centering\includegraphics[width=3in]{figure0.jpg}
\end{figure}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Formatting Tables
The table environment defines the figure style. Thetabular environment defines the table itself.
The Commands\section{Related Work}
\begin{table}[ht]\centering\begin{tabular}{|r||c|c|} \hline\textbf{Trial} & $n$ & $t$ \\ \hline\textbf{1} & 23 & 2 \\ \hline\textbf{2} & 15 & 10 \\ \hline\textbf{3} & 100 & 20 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}\end{table}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Captions and Labels
Captioning
\end{tabular}\caption{The data.}
Labeling
\caption{The data.}\label{tab:label0}
Referencing
...in Table \ref{tab:label0}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
What are Macros?
I LATEX allows you to define or redefine commands as youplease
I In fact, LATEX itself is a set of macros on top of TEX
\newcommand{name}[num]{definition}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Resetting Commands
Changing lengths
\setlength{command}{length}
Ex.\setlength{\parindent}{1cm}\setlength{\parskip}{1cm plus4mm minus3mm}
Changing titles
Ex.\renewcommand{\abstractname}{Summary}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Adding Commands
AbbreviationsCode:
\newcommand{\MIT}{the Massachusetts Institute of Technology}The mission of \MIT∼is to advance knowledge...
Output:The mission of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is to
advance knowledge. . .
Getting more complex
Ex.\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Basic DocumentWriting LaTeX CodeBasic Formatting
Making it Look NiceStructureMath ModeFigures and TablesMacros
Beamer
Conclusion
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Slides
Beamer allows all the same commands as a normalLATEX document, plus some.
Getting started\documentclass{beamer}\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{Title}...
\end{frame}
Special slides
Title slide:\titlepage
Table of contents:\tableofcontents[currentsection]
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Formatting
Some special environments can be useful for presentations
Blocks\begin{block}
...
\end{block}
Columns\begin{columns}\column{0.5\textwidth}
Column 1
\column{0.5\textwidth}Column 2
\end{columns}
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Animation
You can also do some basic animation in beamer.
I \pause puts a pause before revealing the rest of theslide
I command<num-num> makes the command apply onlyfor some number of the “frames”
I The previous bullet is defined by \item<3-4>I The bullet disappears after the fourth “frame”
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Animation
You can also do some basic animation in beamer.
I \pause puts a pause before revealing the rest of theslide
I command<num-num> makes the command apply onlyfor some number of the “frames”
I The previous bullet is defined by \item<3-4>I The bullet disappears after the fourth “frame”
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Animation
You can also do some basic animation in beamer.
I \pause puts a pause before revealing the rest of theslide
I command<num-num> makes the command apply onlyfor some number of the “frames”
I The previous bullet is defined by \item<3-4>I The bullet disappears after the fourth “frame”
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Animation
You can also do some basic animation in beamer.
I \pause puts a pause before revealing the rest of theslide
I command<num-num> makes the command apply onlyfor some number of the “frames”
I The previous bullet is defined by \item<3-4>
I The bullet disappears after the fourth “frame”
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Animation
You can also do some basic animation in beamer.
I \pause puts a pause before revealing the rest of theslide
I command<num-num> makes the command apply onlyfor some number of the “frames”
I The previous bullet is defined by \item<3-4>I The bullet disappears after the fourth “frame”
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Themes
You can also choose different themes for beamer.
Design
\usetheme{theme}Antibes, Berkeley, Berlin, Goettingen, Malmoe, Szeged,Warsaw. . .
Color\usecolortheme{theme}
beaver, crane, lily, rose, seahorse, whale. . .
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Basic DocumentWriting LaTeX CodeBasic Formatting
Making it Look NiceStructureMath ModeFigures and TablesMacros
Beamer
Conclusion
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
So, why LATEX?
I LATEX allows you to worry about the content and thestructure, rather than the presentation.
I LATEX has one of the most advanced math typesettingsystems around.
I LATEX is incredibly extendible.
I LATEX keeps track of references so you don’t have to.
I LATEX allows you to make more consistent, and moreeasily changeable, documents.
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
LATEX on your own
Get LATEX on your own computer:
WindowsMiKTEX
miktex.org/
Mac OS XMacTEX
tug.org/mactex/
LinuxTEX Live
tug.org/texlive/
Introduction toLATEX
Megan Belzner
Introduction
A Basic Document
Writing LaTeX Code
Basic Formatting
Making it LookNice
Structure
Math Mode
Figures and Tables
Macros
Beamer
Conclusion
Resources
I The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2ε:www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/english/
lshort.pdf
I LATEX Wikibooks:en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX
I A Short Math Guide for LATEX:ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/
short-math-guide.pdf