• Also called net

• is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of

businesses, government agencies, educational

institutions, and individuals

• COMMUNICATING

• SHOPPING

• SEARCHING

• ENTERTAINMENT

• EDUCATION OR LEARNING

• COMMUNICATING

the most popular internet activity

You can exchange email with your family and friends

The three most popular types of Internet communication

are e-mail, instant messaging, and discussion

groups.

• SHOPPING

one of the fastest growing Internet applications

You can purchase goods using checks, credit cards, or

electronic cash.

• SEARCHING

You can access some of the world’s largest libraries

directly from your home computer

You also will find the latest local, national, and

international news

• ENTERTAINMENT

You can find music, movies, magazines, and computer

games

You will find live concerts, movie previews, book clubs,

and interactive live games.

• Education or E-learning

You can take classes on almost any subject

There are courses for high school, college, and graduate

school credit.

• Electronic Communications permit the users to communicate with other people on

the Internet via electronic Mail, bulleting boards, chat

rooms, social networking, and news groups.

EMAIL

INSTANT MESSAGING

REAL TIME CHAT

SOCIAL NETWORKING

• Information Services

are commonly referred to as remote login,

or information access

permit users to log in to other computers

from their computers for the purpose of

obtaining information

TELNET

• Information Retrieval These services permit users to obtain files

from other sites and bring them to their

computers.

This is commonly referred to as file

transfer.

FILE TRANSFERPROTOCOL

• Data transmitted in characters or collections of bits.

• A bit the smallest unit of information used by computers

Today’s data transmission speeds are measured in bits, kilobits, megabits, and gigabits per second:

Bps (bits per second) A computer with an older modem might have a speed of 28,800 bps, which is considered the minimum speed for visiting websites with graphics.

Kbps (kilobits per second or 1 thousand bits per second) This is the most frequently used measure. The speed of a modem that is 28,800 bps might be expressed as 28.8 Kbps.

Mbps (megabits per second or 1 million bits per

second) Faster means of connection.

Gbps (gigabits per second or 1 billion bits per

second)

• Upload – is the transmission of data from a local

computer to a remote computer, as from your PC to a

website you are constructing

• Download – is the transmission of data from a remote

computer to a local computer, as from a website to your

own PC.

• Narrowband – Dial-up

Modem Dial-up Access takes place when the modem

in your computer uses a standard telephone line

to connect to the Internet.

This type of access is an easy and inexpensive

way for users to connect to the Internet.

A dial-up connection, however, is slow-speed

technology.

High Speed Phone Lines

ISDN Line (Integrated Services Digital Network)

consist of a hardware and software that allow voice,

video, and data to be communicated over traditional

copper-wire telephone lines.

Capable of transmitting 64 to 128 Kbps, ISDN is able to

send digital signals over POTS “plain old telephone

system” lines

TI Line

• essentially a traditional trunk line that carries 24 normal

telephone circuits and has a transmission rate of 1.5

Mbps.

• Another high-speed line, the T3 line, transmits at 44.7

Mbps (the equivalent of 672 simultaneous voice calls).

• An STS-1 connection runs at 51 Mbps, and an STS-48

connection speeds data along at 2.5 Gbps (2.5 billion bits

per second).

• T1 and T3 lines are commonly used by business

connecting to the Internet by Internet access providers,

and in the Internet high-speed transmission lines.

DSL Line (Digital Subscribe Line)

• uses regular phone lines, a DSL modem, and special

technology to transmit data in megabits per second.

• Incoming data is significantly faster than outgoing data.

• That is, your computer can receive data at the rate of 1.5-

9 Mbps, but it can send data at only 128 Kbps-1.5 Mbps.

Cable Modem

• A cable modem connects a personal computer to a

cable-TV system that offers an Internet connection.

• The common residential transmission rate is 3 Mbps.

• The advantage of a cable modem is that, a DSL

connection, it is always on

• Wireless Connection

• Communications Satellites

• a space station that transmits radio waves called

microwaves from earth-based stations.

• Transmitting a signal from a ground station to a satellite

is called uplinking; the reverse is called downlinking.

• With a pizza-size satellite dish on your roof, you can send

data at the rate of 56-500 Kbps and receive data at about

1.5 Mbps from a communications satellite.

• Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi ) - is the name given to any of

several standards – so called 802.11 standards-set by

the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

for wireless transmission One standard, 802.11b,

permits wireless transmission f data at 1.11 Mbps up to

300 feet from an access point, or hot spot, a station that

sends and receives data to and from a Wi-Fi network.

• 3G (Third Generation) - Wireless 3G is loosely defined

as high-speed wireless technology that does not need

access points because it uses the existing cellphone

system.

• 3G (Third Generation) - Wireless 3G is loosely defined

as high-speed wireless technology that does not need

access points because it uses the existing cellphone

system.

• Portal – is a Web site that offers a variety of Internet

services from a single, convenient location.

• Wireless portal is a portal designed for Internet-enabled

mobile devices

• News

A news Web site contains newsworthy material

including stories and articles relating to current events,

life, money, sports, and the weather.

Many magazines and newspapers sponsor Web sites

that provide summaries of printed articles, as well as

articles not included in the printed versions. Newspapers

and television and radio stations are some of the media

that maintain news Web sites.

• Information

An information Web site contains factual information.

Government agencies have informational Web sites

providing information such as census data, tax codes,

and the congressional budget.

Other organizations provide information such as public

transportation schedules and published research findings

• Business/Marketing

this site contains content that promotes or sells products

or services. Nearly every business has a

business/marketing Web site.

Many of these companies also allow you to purchase

their products or services online.

• Educational

An educational Web site offers exciting, challenging

avenues for formal and informal teaching and earning.

For a more structured learning experience, companies

provide online training to employees and colleges offer

online classes and degrees.

Instructors often use the Web to enhance classroom

teaching by publishing course materials, grades, and

other pertinent class information.

• Entertainment

this site offers an interactive and engaging environment.

Popular entertainment Web sites offer music, videos,

sports, games, ongoing Web episodes, sweepstakes,

chats, and more. Sophisticated entertainment Web sites

often partner with other technologies.

For example, you can cast your vote about a topic on a

television show.

• Advocacy

An advocacy Web site contains content that describes a

cause, opinion, or idea.

The purpose of an advocacy Web site is to convince the

reader of the validity of the cause, opinion, or idea.

These Web sites usually present views of a particular

group or association.

• Blog

A blog, short for Web log, is a Web site that uses

regularly updated journal format to reflect the interests,

opinions, and personalities of the author and sometimes

site visitors.

Blogs have an informal style that consists of a single

individual’s ideas (similar to a diary) or a collection of

ideas and thoughts among visitors.

• Personal

A private individual or family not usually associated with

any organization may maintain a personal Web site of

just a single Web page.

People publish personal Web pages for a variety of

reasons. Some are job hunting.

Other simply want to share life experiences with the

world

1. Search Engines – are specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the Web and the Internet. This search engine, like most others, provides two different search approaches.

• a. Keyword search: In a keyword search, you enter a keyword or phrase reflecting the information you want. The search engine compares your entry against its database and returns a list of hits, sites that contain the keywords. Each hit includes hyperlink to the referenced Web page (or other resource) along with a brief discussion of the information contained at the location.

• b. Directory search: Most search engines also provide a directory or list of categories or topics such as Arts & Humanities, Business & Economics, Computers & Internet. In a directory search, also known as an index search, you select a category that fits the information that you want. Another list of subtopics related to the topic you selected appears. You continue to narrow your search in this manner until a list of Web sites appears.

2. Metasearch Engines – are programs that

automatically submit your search request to several search

engines simultaneously. The metasearch engine receives

the results, eliminates duplicates, orders the hits, and then

provides the edited list to you.

3. Specialized Search Engines – focus on subject-

specific Web sites. Specialized sites can potentially save

your time by narrowing your search. For example, you are

researching a paper about the fashion industry. You could

begin with a general search engine like Yahoo! or you

could go to a search engine that specializes specifically in

fashion.

• E-commerce, short for electronic commerce, is a

business transaction that occurs over an electronic

network such as the Internet.

• Anyone with access to a computer, an Internet

connection, and a means to pay for a purchased goods

or services can participate in e-commerce.

• Popular uses of e-commerce by consumers include

shopping, investing, and banking.

• Users can purchase just about any product or service on

the Web.

• Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce -

consists of the sale of goods and services to the general

public. A customer (consumer) visits an online business

through an electronic storefront, which contains product

descriptions, graphics, and a shopping cart. The

shopping cart allows the customer to collect purchases.

When ready to complete the sale, the customer enters

personal data and the method of payment, preferably

through a secure Internet connection

• Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) e-commerce –

occurs when one consumer sells directly to another, such

as in an online auction, eBay is one of the more popular

online auction Web sites.

• Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce –

Businesses often provide goods and services to other

businesses, such as online advertising, recruiting, credit,

sales, market research, technical support, and training.

Commercial .com Networking .net Nonprofit .org

Educational .edu Other businesses or firms .firm Org. emphasizing Web activities .web

Governmen

t

.gov Information services .info International .int

Military .mil Individuals or families .no Recreation/entertainment

sources

.re