Post on 27-Apr-2018
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n
The Challenges of Wireless Broadband
in Emerging M
arkets
Dirk W
olter
CTO S&SEA Region
Alcatel-Lucent
ITU-D
Regional Development Forum for
the Asia Pacific Region
“NGN and Broadband, Opportunities and Challenges”
Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 27 –
29 July 2009
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n
Broadband in APAC
“The Digital Divide”
Australia
Bangladesh
China
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Household Broadband Penetration Rate (%)
Mobile Penetration Rate (%) Source: Frost & Sullivan 5/10/2008
Broadband vsMobile
Penetration in APAC
Two different broadband trends
HIGH INCOME ECONOMIES
�Race to provide ever faster
fixed broadbandspeed;
deployment of mobile
broadband at ever lower
price
�Broadband has become
an commodity, fiber
deployment, IP-based voice,
video applications and 3G
mobile use
�Fixed and m
obile
technologies complement
each other
LOW INCOME ECONOMIES
�Mobile phones have become
a substitute for fixed line
and fixed broadband
access
�The m
obile phoneis often
the primary internet device
�Disparity betw
een
Internet user and
internet subscriber count,
Internet connections are
often shared (eginternet
cafes)
Broadband M
arket Penetration
DSL is main broadband technology in APAC but remains flat over
the coming years
Wireless broadband (HSPA, WiMAX, Ev-DO) continues to grow
rapidlyTotal broadband household
penetration APAC
Broadband Connections by
Technology APAC (2007)
Source: Ovum, Apr’09
The M
arket Trends
GPON, FTTH, ADSL2,
WiFi, Bluetooth,
3GHSPA, WiMAX
GSM, GPRS, fixe
Mobile Networks
Fixed Networks
Networks
Broadband, Rich
Internet Internet IPv6,
office collaboration
security, YouTube, Ebay,
Google Maps, facebook
Internet at 50kbps
IPv4, individual office
Google, Yahoo,
Java
data bases
web
Applications
Blackberry, tablet PC,
PDA, GPS, laptop,
iphone, ipod, digital
photo 5Mpixels,
Nintendo DS, BlueRay
Desktop PC, playstation,
cathodic tube
Mobile phone Voice/SMS
photo the Kodak/Fuji way
Microelectronics
batteries
Terminals
Material Reality
2009
Material Reality
2000
Technological
Base
Elements
The M
arket Trends
Mobile Networks
Fixed Networks
Networks
Java
data bases
web
Applications
Microelectronics
batteries
Terminals
Material Reality
2009
Material Reality
2000
Technological
Base
Elements
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n
Broadband W
ireless Evolution
and challenges in Emerging M
arkets
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n9
Broadband ?
Poor competition & Offers
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n10
Mark
et dem
and
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n11
Fixed Infrastructure
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n13
Mobile B
roadband
14| T
ech
nolo
gy U
pdate
| A
pril 2009
All R
ights
Rese
rved ©
Alcate
l-Lu
cent 2007, XXXXX
Gro
wth
Are
as fo
r m
obile o
pera
tors
Acc
essi
bility
Acc
essi
bility
Acc
essi
bility
Acc
essi
bility
Pov
erty
Pov
erty
Pov
erty
Pov
erty
Urb
anU
rban
Urb
anU
rban
Sub
urba
nSub
urba
nSub
urba
nSub
urba
nR
ural
Rur
alR
ural
Rur
al
Tel
ecom
T
elec
om
Tel
ecom
T
elec
om
Acc
ess
Acc
ess
Acc
ess
Acc
ess
Tod
ayT
oday
Tod
ayT
oday
Maj
orit
y of
Upc
omin
gM
ajor
ity
of U
pcom
ing
Maj
orit
y of
Upc
omin
gM
ajor
ity
of U
pcom
ing
Sub
scri
ber
Sub
scri
ber
Sub
scri
ber
Sub
scri
ber
Oth
er s
ubs
prio
riti
esO
ther
sub
s pr
iori
ties
Oth
er s
ubs
prio
riti
esO
ther
sub
s pr
iori
ties
Rea
l R
eal
Rea
l R
eal
acce
ss
acce
ss
acce
ss
acce
ss
gap
gap
gap
gap
Thre
e key m
ark
et se
gments for
growth
:
1.
Lo
we
r A
RP
U,
<5
US$
AR
PU
-Pote
ntial su
bsc
ribers a
lready co
vere
d b
ut ca
n’t
afford
the serv
ice
2.
Ru
ral
Pote
ntial su
bsc
ribers o
utsid
e n
etw
ork
reach
3.
Ad
van
ced
/ b
road
ban
d u
sers
Afflu
ent urb
an subsc
ribers d
em
andin
g rich
er
serv
ices (b
roadband, ente
rtain
ment,
personalise
d serv
ices)
Key ch
allenge
s fo
r th
e n
etw
ork
:TCO, Cove
rage
, Bro
adband /
Multim
edia
15| T
ech
nolo
gy U
pdate
| A
pril 2009
All R
ights
Rese
rved ©
Alcate
l-Lu
cent 2007, XXXXX
Air Inte
rface
/ Sta
ndard
s evo
lutions
All tech
nolo
gies have
NOW
an u
pgr
ade p
ath
to LTE
CDMA
CDMA
TDMA
TDMA
Deplo
yed
Arrivin
gNext
ste
p
CDMA 1
X
BWA
BWA
4G
IT
U100 M
bps
(full m
obility)
1Gbps
(hotspot)
Still OFDM !
WiM
AX 1
6d
WiM
AX 1
6e
TDD
GERAN
Evo
lutions
EDGE
WCDMA
EVDO
Rev A/B
GSM
HSD
PA
HSU
PA
LTE R
8/R9
FDD/TDD
HSP
A+
LTE R
10
FDD/TDD
TD-S
CDMA
TD-S
CDMA
Evo
lution
Re
cen
tu
pd
ate
sN
ew
Pro
po
sal
WiM
AX 1
6m
TDD/FDD
UMB
Fle
xible
Spect
rum
Bands
GSM
/GPR
S/
GSM
/GPR
S/
GSM
/GPR
S/
GSM
/GPR
S/
ED
GE
ED
GE
ED
GE
ED
GE
450
450
MHz
MHz
UM
TS/ H
SD
PA
UM
TS/ H
SD
PA
UM
TS/ H
SD
PA
UM
TS/ H
SD
PA
Mob
ile
WiM
AX
Mob
ile
WiM
AX
Mob
ile
WiM
AX
Mob
ile
WiM
AX
�N
ew
sp
ectr
um
in 2
/3 G
Hz bands fo
r ca
pacity
, lo
wer su
b 1
GHz bands fo
r co
vera
ge
�R
e-f
arm
ing
lega
cy s
pe
ctr
um
cellula
r bands fo
r new tech
nolo
gie
s �
Re-farm
ing fro
m B
road
cast
to
Te
lco
sp
ect
rum
LT
EL
TE
LT
EL
TE
470
470--
700
700
MHz
MHz
850
850
MHz
MHz
900
900
MHz
MHz
1500
1500
MHz
MHz
1900
1900
MHz
MHz
2100
2100
MHz
MHz
2300
2300
MHz
MHz
2500
2500
MHz
MHz
CD
MA
/EV
DO
CD
MA
/EV
DO
CD
MA
/EV
DO
CD
MA
/EV
DO
DV
BD
VB
DV
BD
VB
- ---H HHH
1800
1800
MHz
MHz
2200
2200
MHz
MHz
3300
3300
MHz
MHz
3500
3500
MHz
MHz
Currently use
dPla
n fro
m sta
ndard
perspect
ive
ComparingWireless Technologies
All IP
PS only
WBS to HA
BF, 2x2 MIMO
QPSK/16QAM
QPSK/16QAM/
64QAM
5MHz, 10MHz
sOFDMA
WiM
AX
QPSK/16QAM/6
4QAM
QPSK/16QAM/64
QAM
QPSK/16QAM
QPSK
DL
Modulation
PS Only
PS but
Compatible to CS
CS & PS
CS & PS
Services
All IP
Possibly All IP
ATM/ Mixed
ATM & IP
ATM/ Mixed
ATM & IP
Transport
Scaleable 1.4 -
20MHz
5MHz
5MHz
5MHz
Bandwidth
QPSK/16QAM
QPSK/16QAM
QPSK
BPSK
UL
Modulation
2x2 -4X4
MIMO
2x2 MIMO
Rx Diversity
Rx Diversity
Antenna
Systems
eNodeB to ePC
Node B + RNC
Or eHSPANode B
Node B +
RNC
Node B +
RNC
Netw
ork
Structure
OFDMA DL
SC-FDMA UL
W-CDMA
W-CDMA
W-CDMA
Radio Access
LTE
HSPA+
HSPA
UMTS
(R.99)
Higher Spectrum Efficiency
HSPA
+H
SPA
+H
SPA
+H
SPA
+
UM
TS
UM
TS
UM
TS
UM
TS
Latency
Latency
Throughput
Throughput
2Mbps DL
768 kbps UL
28.8 / 43
Mb/s DL
11.5Mb/s UL
0.25 DL
0.1 UL
1.5 DL
0.6 UL
173 M
b/s DL
86 M
b/s UL
LT
EL
TE
LT
EL
TE
120ms
30ms
<10ms
(Erlangs/MHz/cell)
14-17
HSPA
HSPA
HSPA
HSPA
14.4 M
b/s DL
5.7Mb/s UL
60ms
Average Spectral
Average Spectral
efficiency
efficiency
0.75 DL
0.25 UL
2.1 DL
1.6 UL
10-17
26-32
45-55
(bps/Hz/cell)
Voice Capacity
Voice Capacity
WiM
AX
WiM
AX
WiM
AX
WiM
AX
48Mb/s DL
7 M
b/s UL
60ms
32-47
1.9 DL
0.8 UL
Ne
w w
ire
less
sta
nd
ard
s o
ffe
r si
gnif
ican
tly b
ett
er
pe
rfo
rman
ce,
thu
s im
pro
vin
g n
etw
ork
eco
no
my a
nd
en
d-u
ser
exp
eri
en
ce
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n
Wireless Broadband Service
A Realty Check
Wireless Broadband
in EmergingMarkets
Urban areas: Wireless Network with poor
Service Quality
Disparity between advertised speeds and
experienced speeds
Networks -designed for mobile data –are also
used for residential broadband
Multiple Networks available but often
congested
Rural areas: Coverage problem
UMTS/HSPA and EVDO service limited to cities
Network economy challenge
21| U
pdate
s to
TMI | 2
5 Febru
ary
2009
All R
ights
Rese
rved ©
Alcate
l-Lu
cent 2009
21| U
pdate
s to
TMI | 2
5 Febru
ary
2009
IP W
ireline
Applica
tions People
Use
Eve
ry D
ay …
Have
VERY D
iffe
rent Im
pact
s on the W
irele
ss D
ata
Netw
ork
�V
PN
Use
rs can
Consu
me o
n A
vera
ge,
10x th
e A
irtim
e a
s Typ
ical Use
rs
Rad
io
Ne
two
rk
Co
ntr
oll
er
Pack
et
Co
re
No
de
B,
BT
S
Air
tim
e E
xh
au
stio
n
Ban
dw
idth
Exh
au
stio
n
Sign
ali
ng
Exh
au
stio
n
�P
2P
Use
rs D
ownlo
ad
10
’s of GB p
er day,
Consu
min
g 30% o
f Bandwid
th
�In
fecte
d /
Malf
un
ctio
nin
g D
evic
es
/ W
orm
sConsu
me
Dispro
portio
nate
Am
ounts o
f Sign
aling Reso
urc
es
�E
De
live
ry D
evic
eson
Ave
rage
, ca
use
10X the
Sign
aling Lo
ad a
s Phones
or Airca
rdsUse
d for W
eb-
bro
wsing
22| U
pdate
s to
TMI | 2
5 Febru
ary
2009
All R
ights
Rese
rved ©
Alcate
l-Lu
cent 2009
22| U
pdate
s to
TMI | 2
5 Febru
ary
2009
“C
ost
pe
r M
inu
te”
IP T
raffic Looks Very
Diffe
rent W
hen V
iewed b
y How It
Consu
mes Reso
urc
es in
the R
adio
Acc
ess N
etw
ork
Air
tim
e(2
4 H
ou
r P
eri
od
)
Ban
dw
idth
(24
Ho
ur
Pe
rio
d)
“C
ost
pe
r B
it”
Mo
st C
om
mo
n F
ram
ew
ork
fo
r D
esi
gnin
g/M
an
agi
ng/
Pri
cin
g N
etw
ork
s T
od
ay
Ne
w M
an
age
me
nt
Para
dig
m:
Evo
lvin
g IP
Tra
ffic
Im
pact
on
W
ire
less
Ne
two
rk R
eso
urc
es
23| U
pdate
s to
TMI | 2
5 Febru
ary
2009
All R
ights
Rese
rved ©
Alcate
l-Lu
cent 2009
23| U
pdate
s to
TMI | 2
5 Febru
ary
2009
IP A
pplica
tions Consu
me W
idely D
iffe
rent Loads on the W
irele
ss N
etw
ork
Each
Su
bsc
rib
er
Ru
nn
ing
Each
A
pp
lica
tio
n
Co
nsu
me
s
Vo
lum
eT
ota
l A
irti
me
C
on
sum
ed
Sign
ali
ng
Eve
nts
Mobile W
eb
1 M
B20 m
inute
s100
P2P
1 M
B30 seco
nds
0.3
Em
ail D
evice
s1 M
B2 h
ours
1500
MSN
Spam
1 M
B2 h
ours
1400
HSPA Field Performances
“Real”speed is much below peak rate
End user performance depends on:
UE category
Location (lower rate at the cell edge)
Network load
5.2
MAC laye
r, sin
gle u
ser
enviro
nm
ent, a
ll
reso
urc
es
de
dic
ate
d t
o
HSP
A, ave
rage
Use
r ra
te4.2
Real co
nditio
ns: p
ower
and codes are
sh
are
dwith V
oice u
sers, ave
rage
use
r applica
tion rate
1.7
Use
r Rate
-FTP
Typ
ical Use
r Rate
-FTP
Applica
tion laye
r (F
TP),
all
re
sou
rce
s d
ed
icate
d
to H
SPA
, ave
rage
use
r ra
te
0.7
5
2.5
3.2
Mbps (T
ypical Rate
)Mbps (T
ypical Rate
)
Use
r Rate
-MAC
Use
r Rate
-FTP
Typ
ical Use
r Rate
-FTP
Use
r Rate
-MAC
Use
r Rate
-FTP
Typ
ical Use
r Rate
-FTP
Use
r Rate
-MAC
Use
r Rate
-FTP
Typ
ical Use
r Rate
-FTP
Mbps (T
ypical Rate
)
3
Cat
10
/14
.4 M
bp
sC
at
8/
7.2
Mb
ps
HSD
PA
Cat
6/
5.7
Mb
ps
Cat
5/
2 M
bp
s
HSU
PA
2.5
1.7 1
1.1
1.4
Use
r Rate
-MAC
Backhaul to cope w
ith traffic growth
Conventional TDM based backhauling doesn‘t
scale for data traffic
Migration to packet transport
ma
Tra
ffic, Capacity
Reve
nue
Data
Era
Voice E
ra
Cost
Sourc
e: Unstru
ng
Th
e l
imit
of
TD
M B
ack
hau
lin
g:
Serv
ice A
ware
Data
Era
Voice E
ra
Reve
nue
Tra
ffic
Capacity Cost
Sourc
e: Alcate
l-Lucent
A c
ost
eff
ect
ive
Pack
et
Tra
nsp
ort
Solu
tio
ns
for
wid
er
cove
rage
in
ru
ral
are
as
�Lo
w fre
quency
bands: 4
50/700/850/900 M
Hz
�Digital divid
end, LT
E 7
00 M
Hz
�Refa
rmin
g(e
.g. UMTS9
00)
�Lo
w p
ower co
nsu
mption and a
ltern
ative
power so
lutions
�Sa
tellite b
ack
haul or lo
ng ra
nge
micro
wave
solu
tions
Challenges of Wireless Broadband in Emerging
Markets and Technology Response
Mark
et Key Challenge
#1:
Aff
ord
ab
ilit
y
How to serv
e <
US$
5 A
RPU
pro
fita
bly?
Imp
rove
d n
etw
ork
eco
no
my (
TC
O)
�Multi-standard
solu
tions, conve
rged R
AN
�Reduce
d p
ower co
nsu
mption a
nd foot print
�NGN core
/ IP tra
nsp
ort (META)
�In
frastru
cture
sharing
�Fla
t IP
centric, higher ca
pacity
RAN, se
lf o
ptim
ization
Bro
ad
ban
d o
pti
mis
ed
rad
io n
etw
ork
s �EVDO, HSP
A/HSP
A+, LT
E, W
IMAX
�HOM (16QAM, 64QAM), M
IMO
�Optim
ized,
“flat”
arc
hitect
ure
reduce
s la
tency
�Multip
le (EVDO, HSP
A) and w
ider ca
rrie
r (W
iMAX, LT
E)
�Data
centric (IP
) back
hauling
Mark
et Key Challenge
#3:
Bro
ad
ban
d P
erf
orm
an
ce
How to o
ptim
ize the n
etw
ork
for a
better bro
adband e
xperience
?
Mark
et Key Challenge
#2:
Acc
ess
ibil
ity
How to e
xtend cove
rage
into
rura
l are
as?
Yogyakart
a,
Indonesia
, 27-2
9 J
uly
2009
Internatio
nal
Tele
com
munic
atio
n
Unio
n
The Right Technology M
ix
Which W
ireless Technology?
Market environment
Demand for services and applications
Performance and QoSrequirements
Competitor environment
Availability and M
aturity of the technology
Sufficient choice of suppliers
Compliant with Industry standards
System economy
Availability and cost of terminals
Availability of Radio Spectrum
What frequency Band and what bandwidth profile ?
Paired (FDD) or unpaired (TDD)?
Regulatory environment
Infrastructure sharing
USO/USF
Competition Environment
Existing fixed and mobile services
Frequency Bands, Coverage and
Capacity
# Sites/Sub density in Rural environment
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
02.5
57.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
27.5
Subscribers density (#subs/sqkm)
# Sites
700 MHz
2.5 GHz
3.5 GHz
# Sites/Sub density in Rural environment
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
02.5
57.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
27.5
Subscribers density (#subs/sqkm)
# Sites
700 MHz
2.5 GHz
3.5 GHz
Lower frequencies require less sites, more suitable for rural environments
Different bands have limitations on amount of BW available, eg. smaller BW
typically in low frequencies, larger BW in high frequencies
ALU estimates
Assumption:
700MHz@10M
Hz profile,
2.5GHz/3.5GH
z@20MHz
profile.
700MHz more
prone to
inter-cell
interference
in high
interference
conditions
Ru
ral
De
nse
Urb
an
BANDWIDTH vsDENSITY
Bandwidth per user (Mbps)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
12
57.5
10
12.5
2 8
16
64
100
200
400
800
1000
Broadband
SD TV
HD TV
Fibre +
FTTN
Wireless only
DSL CO +
Wim
ax/FTTN
Wireless +
Satellite
•Mobile Broadband is quick and easy approach to address
broadband demand
•Fixed technologies scale better for high density areas and greater
bandwidth demand
Density (users/sqkm)
Summary -The Right Technology M
ix
Fixed(eg FTTx, DSL, GPON) and
Cellular(HSPA, LTE, EVDO, WIM
AX)
Dense
Urban
Urban
Suburban
Rural
Cellular technologies
at low frequency bands
(egHSPA, LTE, EVDO)ExtremeRural
Wirelesscomplements
Wireline
Satellite?
(USO funds?)
Conclusion
In Emerging markets, broadband penetration lags behind
mobile penetration, wireless broadband serves also
residential users (substitute for fixed networks)
Wireless broadband networks often don’t cover rural areas
and are congested in dense urban areas
Stakeholders to improve wireless broadband service:
Equipment suppliers �
Technology provider
Operators �Rollouts, service provider, tariffs
Regulator �Facilitator: USF, spectrum, digital dividend
Broadband wireless has it’s limits…
“real”performance much lower than advertised peak rates.
Bottlenecks mostly in the radio access
Need to be complemented with fixed technologies (egDSL,
PON) to meet demand in dense urban areas
Lower frequency technologies (UMTS 900, LTE 700) for rural
areas