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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1
Chapter 8.2.2:IPv6 Addressing
Introduction to Networks
Jose B. Tan, Jr.Enverga University
Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Chapter 8
8.0 Introduction
8.1 IPv4 Network Addresses
8.2 IPv6 Network Addresses
8.3 Connectivity Verification
8.4 Summary
Presentation_ID 3© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IP Addressing
Chapter 8.2.2: Objectives
In this chapter, you will be able to:
Describe the structure of an IPv4 address.
Describe the purpose of the subnet mask.
Compare the characteristics and uses of the unicast, broadcast and multicast IPv4 addresses.
Explain the need for IPv6 addressing.
Describe the representation of an IPv6 address.
Describe types of IPv6 network addresses.
Configure global unicast addresses.
Presentation_ID 4© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv4 Issues
The Need for IPv6
IPv6 is designed to be the successor to IPv4
Depletion of IPv4 address space has been the motivating factor for moving to IPv6
Projections show that all five RIRs will run out of IPv4 addresses between 2015 and 2020
With an increasing Internet population, a limited IPv4 address space, issues with NAT and an Internet of things, the time has come to begin the transition to IPv6!
Presentation_ID 5© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv4 Issues
The Need for IPv6
IPv4 has theoretical maximum of 4.3 billion addresses plus private addresses in combination with NAT
IPv6 larger 128-bit address space providing for 340 undecillion addresses
IPv6 fixes the limitations of IPv4 and include additional enhancements such as ICMPv6
Presentation_ID 6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
How Large is the Address Space? 2128 = 3.4×1038 = =
340,282,366,920,938,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.00
Interesting Facts:approximately 4.8×1028 addresses for each of the seven billion people alive in 2011
IPv6 could provide each and every square micrometer of the earth’s surface with 5,000 unique addresses. What’s a micrometer? About one tenth the diameter of a droplet of fog!
Presentation_ID 7© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv4 Issues
IPv4 and IPv6 CoexistenceThe migration techniques can be divided into three categories:
#1
Dual-stack: Allows IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist on the same network. Devices run
both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks simultaneously.
Presentation_ID 8© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv4 Issues
IPv4 and IPv6 CoexistenceThe migration techniques can be divided into three categories:
#2
Tunnelling: A method of transporting an IPv6 packet over an IPv4 network. The IPv6 packet
is encapsulated inside an IPv4 packet.
Presentation_ID 9© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv4 Issues
IPv4 and IPv6 CoexistenceThe migration techniques can be divided into three categories:
#3
Translation: Network Address Translation 64 (NAT64) allows IPv6-enabled devices to communicate with IPv4-enabled devices using a translation technique similar to
NAT for IPv4. An IPv6 packet is translated to an IPv4 packet, and vice versa.
Presentation_ID 10© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Hexadecimal Number System
Hexadecimal is a base sixteen system
Base 16 numbering system uses the numbers 0 to 9 and the letters A to F
Four bits (half of a byte) can be represented with a single hexadecimal value
Presentation_ID 11© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Address Representation
Look at the binary bit patterns that match the decimal and hexadecimal values
Presentation_ID 12© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Address Representation 128 bits in length and written as a string of hexadecimal
values
In IPv6, 4 bits represents a single hexadecimal digit, 32 hexadecimal values = IPv6 address
2001:0DB8:0000:1111:0000:0000:0000:0200
FE80:0000:0000:0000:0123:4567:89AB:CDEF
Can be written in either lowercase or uppercase
Presentation_ID 13© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
IPv6 Address Representation Hextet used to refer to a segment of 16 bits or four
hexadecimals
Presentation_ID 14© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 1- Omitting Leading 0s The first rule to help reduce the notation of IPv6 addresses is
any leading 0s (zeros) in any 16-bit section or hextet can be omitted
01AB can be represented as 1AB
09F0 can be represented as 9F0
0A00 can be represented as A00
00AB can be represented as AB
Presentation_ID 15© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 1- Omitting Leading 0s
Presentation_ID 16© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 1- Omitting Leading 0s
Presentation_ID 17© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 1- Omitting Leading 0s
Presentation_ID 18© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 1- Omitting Leading 0s
Presentation_ID 19© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 2- Omitting All 0 Segments
A double colon (::) can replace any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments (hextets) consisting of all 0’s
Double colon (::) can only be used once within an address otherwise the address will be ambiguous
Known as the compressed format
Incorrect address - 2001:0DB8::ABCD::1234
Presentation_ID 20© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 2- Omitting All 0 Segments
Examples
#1
#2
Presentation_ID 21© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 2- Omitting All 0 Segments
Presentation_ID 22© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 2- Omitting All 0 Segments
Presentation_ID 23© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 2- Omitting All 0 Segments
Presentation_ID 24© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 2- Omitting All 0 Segments
Presentation_ID 25© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 2- Omitting All 0 Segments
Presentation_ID 26© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Addressing
Rule 2- Omitting All 0 Segments
Presentation_ID 27© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Types of IPv6 Addresses
IPv6 Address Types
There are three types of IPv6 addresses:
• Unicast
• Multicast
• Anycast.
Note: IPv6 does not have broadcast addresses.
Presentation_ID 28© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Exercises 1) How do you correctly compress the following IPv6
address:
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0c50
A.2001:0db8:0:0:0:0:0:0c50
B.2001:0db8::0c50
C.2001:db8::c50
D.2001:db8::c5
Presentation_ID 29© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Exercises 1) How do you correctly compress the following IPv6
address:
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0c50
A.2001:0db8:0:0:0:0:0:0c50
B.2001:0db8::0c50
C.2001:db8::c50 ** <- Most compressed
D.2001:db8::c5
**According to RFC5952, this answer is most correct. However, your IPv6 capable device will accept all possibilities
Presentation_ID 30© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Exercises 2) How do you correctly compress the following IPv6
address:
2001:0db8:0000:0000:b450:0000:0000:00b4
A.2001:db8::b450::b4
B.2001:db8::b450:0:0:b4
C.2001:db8::b45:0000:0000:b4
D.2001:db8:0:0:b450::b4
Presentation_ID 31© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Exercises 2) How do you correctly compress the following IPv6
address:
2001:0db8:0000:0000:b450:0000:0000:00b4
A.2001:db8::b450::b4
B.2001:db8::b450:0:0:b4**
C.2001:db8::b45:0000:0000:b4
D.2001:db8:0:0:b450::b4
**According to RFC5952, this answer is most correct. However, your IPv6 capable device will accept all possibilities
Presentation_ID 32© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Exercises 3) How do you correctly compress the following IPv6
address:
2001:0db8:00f0:0000:0000:03d0:0000:00ff
A.2001:0db8:00f0::3d0:0:00ff
B.2001:db8:f0:0:0:3d0:0:ff
C.2001:db8:f0::3d0:0:ff
D.2001:0db8:0f0:0:0:3d0:0:0ff
Presentation_ID 33© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Exercises 3) How do you correctly compress the following IPv6
address:
2001:0db8:00f0:0000:0000:03d0:0000:00ff
A.2001:0db8:00f0::3d0:0:00ff
B.2001:db8:f0:0:0:3d0:0:ff
C.2001:db8:f0::3d0:0:ff**
D.2001:0db8:0f0:0:0:3d0:0:0ff
**According to RFC5952, this answer is most correct. However, your IPv6 capable device will accept all possibilities
Presentation_ID 34© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Exercises 4) How do you correctly compress the following IPv6
address:
2001:0db8:0f3c:00d7:7dab:03d0:0000:00ff
A.2001:db8:f3c:d7:7dab:3d:0:ff
B.2001:db8:f3c:d7:7dab:3d0:0:ff
C.2001:db8:f3c:d7:7dab:3d0::ff
D.2001:0db8:0f3c:00d7:7dab:03d::00ff
Presentation_ID 35© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IPv6 Exercises 4) How do you correctly compress the following IPv6
address:
2001:0db8:0f3c:00d7:7dab:03d0:0000:00ff
A.2001:db8:f3c:d7:7dab:3d:0:ff
B.2001:db8:f3c:d7:7dab:3d0:0:ff**
C.2001:db8:f3c:d7:7dab:3d0::ff
D.2001:0db8:0f3c:00d7:7dab:03d::00ff
**According to RFC5952, this answer is most correct. However, your IPv6 capable device will accept all possibilities
Presentation_ID 36© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
IP Addressing
Summary The depletion of IPv4 address space is the motivating factor
for moving to IPv6. Each IPv6 address has 128 bits verses the 32 bits in an IPv4 address. The prefix length is used to indicate the network portion of an IPv6 address using the following format: IPv6 address/prefix length.
Presentation_ID 37© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential