Post on 27-Jan-2015
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Inspiration
Peter Morville, Library 2.013
ArchitectureT h e Fu t u r e o f L i b r a r i e s
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“I say we fight for and maintain our very long-term and hard-won connection to books and what they represent.” Joseph Janes
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The structural design of shared information environments.
The organization, labeling, search, and navigation systems in websites and intranets.
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#dtdt
“Where architects use forms and spaces to design
environments for inhabitation, information architects
use nodes and links to create environments for
understanding.”
Jorge Arango, Architectures (2011)
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The Library of Congress“To further the progress of knowledge and
creativity.”.
FragmentationFragmentation into multiple sites, domains, and identities is clearly a major problem. Users don’t know which site to visit for which purpose.
Findability Users can’t find what they need from the home page, but most users don’t come through the front door. They enter via a web search or a deep link, and are confused by what they find. Even worse, most never use the Library, because its resources aren’t easily findable.
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1. One Library
2. Core Areas
3. Network Intelligence
Web Strategy
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Interfaces• Portal• Search• Object• Set• Page
Caveats• Visual Design• Starting Point
Wireframes
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15Source: Search Patterns (2010)
Search is a Complex, Adaptive System
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Web Governance Board
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22Technology + Pedagogy
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“When I was playing baseball,
most of the time I wasn’t playing
full-scale, four bases, nine
innings. I was playing a perfectly
suitable junior version of the
game...But when I was studying
those shards of math and history,
I wasn’t playing a junior version
of anything. It was like batting
practice without knowing the
whole game. Why would anyone
want to do that?”
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The MOOCs must first
compete with
nonconsumption by
meeting demand outside
the schools (e.g., developing
countries, home-schooling)
and then within (e.g., letting
students take courses not
offered by their district).
Later, this self-paced,
student-centered model
may gain sufficient
momentum to become the
dominant paradigm.
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The Architecture of a Class
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Regardless of all the time and effort libraries put into providing a variety of research tools and resources on their websites, the literature suggests that students still prefer to start their research using Google or some other form of search engine.
It is clear that there is an overwhelming preference for easy to use, familiar search tools that transcend education level, discipline of study, and student demographics.
Discovery Layers and the Distance StudentJessica Mussell (2012)
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Strengths• Fast, easy, familiar• Cross-disciplinary searching• Links to citing and related articles
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Weaknesses• No “advanced search” functionality• Limited, inaccurate metadata• Inconsistent coverage across disciplines• No transparency (coverage, algorithms, usage, monetization)
• Not customizable or interoperable
Information Literacy
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Employers claimed that college hires rarely conducted the thorough research required of them in the workplace.
At worst, some college hires solved problems with a lightning quick Google search, a scan of the first couple of pages of results, and a linear answer finding approach.
“I had a new graduate hire who only searched for papers on Google. I said, you’re missing things, you need to use PubMed, and he responded, ‘Well, I did this quick search, and that’s what I got.’ But that’s not good enough.”
Project Information Literacy: Learning Curve by Alison J. Head (2012)
32Key Strategic Insights for Libraries, Publishers, and Societies by Roger C. Schonfeld (2010)
Faculty rate importance of library roles
“The academic library is increasingly being disintermediated from the
discovery process, risking irrelevance in one of its core functional areas.”
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Federated“Bento
Box”NCSU
StanfordDartmouth
VirginiaColumbia
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Aggregated“Faceted”
CornellDuke
McGillNorthwesternU. Washington
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eted
Nav
igat
ion
37Ada
ptiv
e F
acet
s
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Gross and Sheridan conducted a usability study that examined how Summon (“web-scale discovery”) was used for common library search tasks.
Summon was positioned as the primary search box on the library’s home page for the study.
They found that the single search box was employed for 80% of the assigned tasks.
How Users Search the Library from a Single Search BoxLown, Sierra, Boyer (2013)
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Use of full-text online content dramatically increased in the year following implementation.
Librarians found they could focus instruction less on choosing a database or catalog and more on refining a search, research as an iterative process, and other high level search skills.
The Impact of Serial Solutions’ Summon on Information Literacy InstructionStephanie Buck and Margaret Mellinger (2011)
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63% didn’t use any Internet resources, other than the Guide, to complete their assignment.Embedding LibGuides into Course Management SystemsStephanie Brown (2012)
Embeddable Search Widget
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Inquiry Learning
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Information Literacy
The ability the find,
evaluate, create,
organize,
and use information
from
myriad sources and
media.
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“70 percent of humans
experience severe back pain…
and in the U.S. this results in
tens of thousands of surgeries
each year.”
“There’s a secret about MRIs
and back pain: the most
common problems physicians
see on MRI and attribute to
back pain – herniated,
ruptured, and bulging discs –
are seen almost as commonly
on MRIs of healthy people
without back pain.”
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Why is Medicine a Mess?
• Our minds/bodies are complex.
• Patients want a quick fix.
• Doctors hate saying: “I don’t
know.”
• The AMA is an advocacy group.
• Relentless and insidious
advertising.
• Industry-funded research.
• $2.7 trillion per year.
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“There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to
one who is striking at the root.” Henry David Thoreau
“Our government is corrupt. Not corrupt in any criminal sense. But corrupt in a perfectly legal sense: special interests bend the levers of power to benefit them at the expense of the rest of us.”
50The relationship between information and culture
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“It is now my suggestion that
many people may not want
information, and that they will
avoid using a system precisely
because it gives them
information…If you have
information, you must first
read it…You must then try to
understand it…Understanding
the information may show that
your work was wrong, or may
show that your work was
needless…Thus not having and
not using information can
often lead to less trouble and
pain than having and using it.”
Calvin Mooers
(1959)
The limits of information
52“We shape our buildings. Thereafter, they shape us.”
53The order of food influences choice by as much as 25 percent.
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Some habits have
the power to start
a chain reaction.
“Success doesn’t depend
on getting every single
thing right, but instead
relies on identifying a
few key priorities and
fashioning them into
powerful levers.”
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“Willpower is the single most
important keystone habit for
individual success.”
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Paul O’Neil as CEO of Alcoa
“I want to talk to you about
worker safety…I intend to make
Alcoa the safest company
in America. I intend to go for
zero injuries.”“We killed this man. It’s my
failure of leadership. I caused
his death. And it’s the failure
of all of you in the chain of
command.”
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“A culture of generosity.”
Josie Parker, Ann Arbor District Library
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“A library, like a national park, teaches us that we all benefit when our most valuable treasures are held in
common.”Peter Morville, Inspiration Architecture
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Keystone
A central stone at the summit of an arch locking the whole together.
62Polar bears are a keystone species in the Arctic ecosystem.
The library is a keystone of culture.
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“A library outranks
any other one thing
a community can do
to benefit its people.
It is a never failing
spring in the
desert.”
Andrew Carnegie
(1889)
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“Too many people think that we don’t need libraries when we have the Internet.” John Palfrey, DPLA (2012)
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The library is an act of inspiration architecture.
67IA Therefore I Am Inspiration Architecture by Peter
Morville
“When we try to pick out
anything by itself, we find
it hitched to everything else
in the universe.” John Muir