Post on 07-Feb-2017
MODAL VERBSMust, have to, can, could, be able to
MUST
• Affirmative form: SOGG. + MUST + INFINITIVE VERB
Ex: We must go to the bank!
• Negative form: SOGG. + MUST NOT(MUSTN’T) + INFINITIVE VERB
Ex: You musn’t touch that vase
• Interrogative form: MUST + SOGG. + INFINITINE VERB
Ex: Must I really go?
WHEN DO WE USE MUST?
• to express an obligation to do something, if the order is expressed by the speaker, and in the case of written instructions
Ex: The students must have a pair of indoor shoes• to express a strong recommendationEx: He must read this book!• to express a logical assumption, often it is replaced by SHOULDEx: Tomorrow should it rain.• in the negative form has the meaning of prohibitionEx: You mustn’t smoke here!
HAVE TO• Affirmative form: SOGG. + HAVE TO + INFINITIVE VERB
Ex: I start work early, so I have to get up at 6 o’clock.
• Negative form: SOGG. + DON’T HAVE TO + INFINITIVE VERB
Ex: Tomorrow it’s a holiday, I don’t have to get up early
• Interrogative form: DO + SOGG. + HAVE TO + INFINITIVE VERB
Ex: What time do you have to be at school?
HAD TO• Affirmative form: SOGG. + HAD TO + INFINITIVE VERB
Ex: There weren’t any buses. We had to walk home last night.
• Negative form: SOGG. + DIDN’T HAVE TO + INFINITIVE VERBS
Ex: We didn’t have to wait very long for the taxi
• Interrogative form: DID + SOGG. + HAVE TO + INFINITIVE VERB
Ex: Why did they have to leave the party so early?
WHEN DO WE USE HAVE TO?
• It is used to talk about an action that is necessary because of laws or regulations, or because someone forces us to do it
Ex: Policemen have to work on Sundays • It is used to express a requirement that depends on external circumstances
and not by the speakerEx: I have a bad cough, I have to stop smoking• In the negative form it means when there isn't an obligationEx: You don't have to pay for this!
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EXERCISE:• https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-have-to-must-not-qu
iz.htm
KAHOOT:• https://create.kahoot.it/#user/f41b0fd0-c08e-4c27-8e7c-edc35c58ea17/k
ahoots/created
CAN• Affermatve form: SOGG. + CAN + INFINITIVE VERBEx: I can swimm• Negative form: SOGG. + CANNOT CAN’T + INFINITE
VERB Ex: You can’t ski very well• Interrogative form: CAN + SOGG. + INFINITIVE VERBEx: Can you help me?
WHEN DO WE USE CAN?• The modal verb CAN mean power and it is used to:
- express an ability or skill, claim that something or someone is capable of doing something and/or knows how to do it.
EX: I can play the guitar but I can't play the piano.
- express, ask or give permission.
EX: Can I have a beer while I'm six months pregnant?
- express possibility or impossibility.
EX: Anyone can become President.
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COULD• Affermative form: SOGG + COULD + INFINITIVE VERBEx: They could play tennis quite well • Negative form: SOGG + COULDN’T + INFINITIVE VERBEx: I couldn’t help it• Iterrogative form: COULD + SOGG + INFINITIVE VERBEx: Could you lend me your car, please?
WHEN DO WE USE COULD?• It could be considered as the past it can, but also is used to express in a more
formal permission, so it is also to be regarded as the conditional can: - could we use to express the possibility of both the past and the present and
the future. EX: John Could be the one who stole the money. (John potrebbe essere quello
che ha rubato i soldi). John could have been the one who stole the money. (John potrebbe essere stato
quello che ha rubato i soldi). John could go to jail for stealing the money. (John potrebbe andare in prigione
per aver rubato i soldi)
• It could be used as a conditional can. EX: Things could change. Could I use your computer? I could swim much faster if I didn't smoke.
BE ABLE TO• The expression 'be able to' is not part of modal verbs. It is in fact
the union between 'be' verb and the adjective 'able' (in grado) followed by a verb in its infinitive form. Very often in the English language it is used the expression 'be able to' instead of using the modal verbs can and could.
WHEN DO WE USE BE ABLE TO?• Normally you use the "be able to" expression to talk about to a
capacity.
• Affermative form: SOGG + BE ABLE TO + INFINITIVE VERBEx: I am able to swim• Negative form: SOGG + AREN’T/ISN’T ABLE TO + INFINITIVE VERBEx: She isn’t able to drive• Interrogative form: ARE/IS + SOGG + ABLE TO + INFINITIVE VERBEx: Are you able to do that by tomorrow?
EXERCISE:• Insert can, can't, could and couldn't and combine the verb in the most
appropriate way.• 1)_________ the guitar? (play) • 2) I'm sorry. You ________photos. (take) • 3) _________ me some wine? (pour) • 4) She________at home! I saw her just few minutes ago! (Be)• 5) I ________ very well! (Swim)• 6) ________ Jessica ____ in? (Go)
1) When Bob was 10, he was a fast runner. He ________ run 100 metres in 11 seconds.
2) Afraid I _______ come to your birthday party next Sunday.3) I'm not in a hurry. I've got a lot of time. I ______ wait.4) I was feeling sick yesterday. I _______ eat anything.5) CNA you speak loudly, please? I ______ here you.6) You look tired. Yes, I _______ sleep last night.
THE ENDLavoro di: Anna Chiara Bellizzi, Riccardo Lualdi, Jacopo Menini e Elisa Proverbio