7.3 Translation

Information transferred from DNA to mRNA is translated into an amino acid sequence.

Diana CarvajalSeptember 2014

• Animation RNA splicing:http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp14/1401s.swf

Developments in scientific research follow improvements in computing—the use of computers has enabled scientists to make advances in bioinformatics applications such as locating genes within genomes and identifying conserved sequences.

Animation translation: http://www.wiley.com/college/test/0471787159/biology_basics/animations/fromGeneToProtein.swf

The Genetic Code

The Genetic Code (2009). Retrieved from http://www.hwdsb.on.ca/hillpark/departments/science/Watts/Genetics_Papers.html

1 Codon (three nucleotides) = 1 amino acid

Initiation of translation involves assembly of the components that carry out the process.

Animation: http://bio3400.nicerweb.com/med/Vid/Klug8e/ch14/14_2_3a_00i.swf

Synthesis of the polypeptide involves a repeated cycle of events.

Disassembly of the components follows termination of translation.

Bound ribosomes synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for use in lysosomes.

Free ribosomes synthesize proteins for use primarily within the cell.

Translation can occur immediately after transcription in prokaryotes due to the absence of a nuclear membrane.

Retrieved from http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/813.htm

The quaternary structure exists in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain.

The tertiary structure is the further folding of the polypeptide stabilized by interactions between R groups.

The sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide is the primary structure.

The secondary structure is the formation of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets stabilized by hydrogen bonding.