The Dawn of the Terabit AgeDevelopments in Photonic Integration and Scaling of the Digital Optical Network

3© 2011 Infinera Corporation Confidential & Proprietary

The Service Provider Challenge – Scaling to Terabits

Drivers Network Growth

Terabit Ethernet

Video

Mobility

Cloud

Internet

Digital Optical Networks

5 © 2011 Infinera Corporation.

Market requirements…..and how to deliver on them

MORE BANDWIDTH

Capacity per Wave

Capacity per System

100G to Terabit pipesFlexible coherent receivers

Rapid Plug & Play deployment

The optimal solution: Photonic Integration

Higher densityLower power

Carrier class reliability

6 © 2011 Infinera Corporation.

Market requirements…..and how to deliver on them

CONVERGENCE

WDM + OTN WDM + Packet

Integrated digital switchingEase of use

Lower overall cost

The optimal solution: Digital Networks

Integrated packet switchingNetwork simplificationCarrier class reliability

What kind of PIC?

HYBRID MONOLITHIC

• 100G WDM-on-a-chip• 10 channels• 60 components• InP

MULTI-CHANNEL

SINGLE-CHANNEL

Maximum benefit from multi-channel integration

Highest reliability & simplest design from monolithic integration

PIC

PICs – created equal?

• 500G WDM-on-a-chip• 100G per channel• >600 optical functions• Active & passive functions500G

Tx PIC500GRx PIC

Large-scale integration maximizes “capacity per chip”

Active PICs enable greatest level of functional integration

PICPASSIVE ACTIVE

LARGE - SCALE

SMALL - SCALE

PIC Design Decisions – Why? (Alternate)

ACTIVE

MONOLITHIC

LARGE-SCALE

LONG-REACH

HIGH-DATA-RATE

Consolidate expensive functions

Reliability/Simplicity/Cost

Maximize capacity/chipand

leverage Moore’s Law

Lower network CapEx

Maximize capacity/fiber

The Inevitability of Photonic Integration

“Photonic integration is the optical industry’s best hope for scaling to meet future bandwidth requirements while similarly reducing cost per bit.”

Sterling Perrin, Heavy Reading

“Optical integration is becoming a necessity because of 40 and 100 Gigabit [transmission]…The modulation formats require you to deal with signals in parallel, and using non-integrated components explodes the complexity.”

Joe Berthold, VP Optical Architecture, Ciena

“Integration is a key part of our thinking… Bandwidth growth is forcing us to consider architectures not considered before.”

Sam Bucci, vice president, WDM, Alcatel-Lucent’s optics activities

The Inevitability of Photonic Integration

“Infinera really does stand alone in large-scale opto-electronic integration today, with a PIC that could very well have an astounding lead time of four years over the rest of the optical industry.”

Sterling Perrin, Heavy Reading

Infinera’s History of Photonic Integration

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Research & Development

Volume Production

Gen 1 PIC100G DWDM “system on a chip”

Gen 2 PICULH and submarine reach

400Gb/s PIC (10 x 40Gb/s) demonstrating high data-rate scaling

1.6Tb/s PIC (40x40G) scaling to 100’s of functions per chip

S-band PICs: scaling fiber spectrum

First monolithically integrated 10-ch receiver

First monolithically integrated laser / modulator / mux

First working 100Gb/s Tx and Rx(10 x 11.1Gb/s)

Infinera’s Photonic Integration Roadmap

Gen 3 PIC500G DWDM coherent (5 x 100G)

1Tb/s coherent PIC:Enabling technology for FlexChannels

400G RZ-DQPSK PIC:PIC-based phase modulation

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20188

Research & Development

Volume Production

Moving to Gen 3 PICs500Gb/s WDM “System on a Chip”

Foundations of 100G Transmission

Coherent Detection• 40 nm DSP ASIC• Builds on Infinera high-

gain FEC track recordDP-QPSK Modulation

INDUSTRY-LEADING DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Fiber Capacity

Advanced Modulation

Coherent Detection

Advanced FEC

FoundationFeatures

Fiber Capacity

Advanced Modulation

Coherent Detection

Advanced FEC

FoundationFeatures

Large Scale PICs1FlexCoherent™ Modulation2Pervasive, Switched DWDM3

Differentiators

Infinera 100G Transmission:Foundation vs Differentiating Features

500G, Large Scale, Monolithic PIC Implementation

500GTx PIC

500GRx PIC

Number of channels 5 x 100G

Monolithic InP Chips 2

Optical elements > 600

“Gold Box” Replacements > 100

Fiber Replacements > 400

COST

SIZE

POWERCAPACITY

RELIABILITY

500Gb/s Transmitter PIC

5 x 114Gb/s Transmitter442 Elements: AWG mux, lasers, modulators, detectors, VOAs, control elements

• 500 Gb/s Multi-Chip Module• 1040 Inputs/Outputs• 17’ of wire bonds

500G Tx PIC

RF ASIC

ControlASIC

5 x 114Gb/s Tx PIC Module

500Gb/s Receiver PIC

5 x 114Gb/s Rx PIC Module

5 x 114Gb/s Receiver171 Elements: AWG demux, local laser oscillator, 90deg Hybrid, Balanced detectors, control elements

InputFibers

500G Rx PIC

TIA ASIC

Infinera 100G Transmission DifferentiatorsFlexCoherent™ Modulation

PM-B

PSK

PM-QPSK

8 QA

MREACH CAPACITY

16 QAM

FlexCoherent DSP ASIC • 40nm CMOS technology for low power consumption• Enhanced compensation of optical impairments: Chromatic Dispersion, PMD

FlexCoherent = “Dial-A-Reach”• Per-wavelength selection of the optimum coherent modulation

PIC-Based Coherent 100Gb/s TransmissionLive Network Demo with XO

1348 km production fiber route from Denver to Dallas

500G PIC-based transmitter and receiver

500Gb/s PIC transmitter 500Gb/s PIC receiver

DENVER

DALLAS

500G PICs integrate over 600 functions

500G PICs have been demonstrated with our customers over live networks

Infinera 500G PICs will deliver PIC-based economics in 2012

Summary

INFINERA’S KEY DIFFERENTIATORS:

Large Scale PICs FlexCoherent™ modulation Pervasive, Switched DWDM

Enabling Technologies forThe Terabit Age

Infinera’s Photonic Integration Roadmap

Gen 3 PIC500G DWDM coherent (5 x 100G)

Terabit PIC1Tb/s FlexChannel PIC for up to 25Tb/s capacity

2 Terabit PIC2Tb/s PIC: scaling for network CapEx and OpEx savings

1Tb/s coherent PIC:Enabling technology for FlexChannels

400G RZ-DQPSK PIC:PIC-based phase modulation

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20188

Research & Development

Volume Production

What’s changed so far

Since the advent of DWDM…

now

Phase Modulation

Coherent Detection

ITU Frequency Grid

Intensity Modulation

Direct Detection

ITU Frequency Grid

What Comes Next For Terabit Transport?

Since the advent of DWDM…

…so what has to change

Phase Modulation

Coherent Detection

ITU Frequency Grid

Intensity Modulation

Direct Detection

ITU Frequency Grid

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Coherent Demultiplexing

Grid-less FlexChannels

Advanced Modulation Formats

Pol-MuxQPSK Pol-Mux

8-QAM

Pol-Mux16-QAM

IM-DD

BPSK

1.6 8 12 16 24

C-Band Capacity (Tb/s)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Capa

city

* R

each

Pro

duct

Since the advent of DWDM…

…so what has to change

Quadrature amplitude Modulation

Coherent Demultiplexing

Grid-less FlexChannels

On-Off Keyed Modulation

Direct Detection

ITU Frequency Grid

What Comes Next For Terabit Transport?

wavelength demux

DWDM Direct Detection

PD

Spacing on the fiber needed between waves: “Guard Bands”

Spatially separate the

channels using a

wavelength demux

wavelength demux

Spatially separate the

channels using a

wavelength demux

DWDM Coherent Detection

Spacing on the fiber needed between waves:

“Guard Bands”

ADC DSPPDLO

Use a local oscillator to choose the “color” we

want to “detect” … matching the filter

connected to

wavelength demux

Spatially separate the

FlexChannels using a

wavelength demux

Coherent wave combining and separation

LO

Block of similar-colored waves: a “Flex-Channel”

Use a local oscillator to choose the “color” we

want to “detect” within the block

ADC DSPPD

© 2011 Infinera Corporation.36

Scaling to Terabits – Challenges & Solutions

Conventional paradigm:increase “bits per wave”

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10Gb/s

40Gb/s

100Gb/s

100101010

1 Tb/s per wavelength?1 2 4 6 8 10 12

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10

OSN

R Pe

nalty

(dB)

Number of bits per symbol

PM-BPSK640GBaud

PM-QPSK320GBaud

PM-8QAM210GBaud

PM-16QAM160GBaud

PM-32QAM128GBaud

PM-64QAM105GBaud

Baud Rates for 1Tb/s per wave

Single-λ 1Tb/s requires…very high level modulation (64QAM)…very high OSNR (impacting reach)…using electronics that do not yet exist

Solution: Multi-carrier 1Tb/s FlexChannels

Commercial Analog/Digital Converters for coherent modulation will only hit

~64GBaud by 2014

How 1Tb/s Might Look…Conventional WDM vs FlexChannels

Guard bands allow for individual wavelength demux

Limits channel density and fiber capacity

Limits data rates by limiting available spectrum for modulation bandwidth

Tighter spacing, or higher data rate per channel ( FlexCoherent)

Up to 25% increase in useable amplifier spectrum

Simplified optical switching of FlexChannels with broader spectrum

Conventional Per-Channel WDM Filtering

1Tb/s

Multi-Carrier FlexChannel

1Tb/s

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Capa

city

* R

each

Pro

duct

Bits / Dual -Pol -Symbol

The Value of FlexChannels

PM QPSK

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Spectral efficiency [b/s/Hz]C-Band Capacity (Tb/s)

1.6 8 12 16 24

The result of FlexChannels:

more capacity…

…at the same reach…

…for a given modulation type

…using available electronics

What Comes Next For Terabit Transport?

Since the advent of DWDM…

…so what has to change

Quadrature amplitude Modulation

Coherent Wave Separation

Grid-less FlexChannels

On-Off Keyed Modulation

Direct Detection

ITU Frequency Grid

FlexChannels Increase Total Fiber CapacityMore complex modulation → more capacity per fiber

PM-QPSK

8-QAM

16-QAM

1Tb/s

12 Tb/s

18 Tb/s

24 Tb/s

Reach, Spectral Efficiency, and Co-Existence

1Tb/s PM-8QAMFlexChannel

1Tb/s PM-16QAMFlexChannel

10x100G PM-QPSK1Tb/s PM-QPSK

FlexChannel

or

AE

B CD

AWG

The Power of Photonic Integration

Multi-Carrier 1Tb/s FlexChannel

Tx DSPFEC

Tx PIC Rx PIC

Photonic Integration ASICs

Key Technologies for 1Tb/s

A/D conversion CD and PMD compensation Non-linear comp. possible Flexibility of electronics

High-gain FEC for max reach

From binary to multi-level Allow spectral shaping FlexCoherent modulation

Disruptive Technology Integrated multi-carrier 1Tb/s

Summary:The Key Technologies For 1Tb/s Are Well Understood

But the implementation of those technologies will be critical to allowing service providers to differentiate their products and services

Advanced Modulation

Coherent Detection

Advanced FEC

FoundationFeatures

Large Scale PICs1FlexCoherent™ Modulation2Pervasive, Switched DWDM3

Differentiators

Photonic Integration Enabling the Digital Optical NetworkDelivering the Fastest, Most Economical and Easiest to Use Network

100 Gb/s Transmit

100 Gb/s Receive

PICs Enable Pervasive Digital Switching

PICs enable cost-effective OEO

“WDM system on a chip”: 100Gb/s to 1Tb/s and more

Affordable OEO provides access to digital domain

Photonic Integration

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PICs Enable Pervasive Digital Switching

Enables “digital” functionality

Integrated switching at every node

High functionality Digital ROADM

Dramatic network simplification

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Optical (O) Electrical (E) Optical (O)

Trib

Integrated Switching + WDM

Photonic Integration

PICs Enable Pervasive Digital Switching

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Pervasive Digital Switching

Integrated Switching + WDM

Photonic Integration

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Software-enabled “Ease-of-Use”

Digital switching at every node: OTN evolving to packet/OTN

Unconstrained bandwidth everywhere

Lowest cost per switched Gb/s

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XO "10 Gigs in 10 Days" Guarantee… across select major coast-to-coast routes…

…If XO Communications fails to install the service within business 10 days, the customer will be eligible for a one month service credit for each year of the customer's contract.

…delivering six 10Gbs wavelengths across 1200km of Europe in just 48 hours

PICs will re-define the network paradigm

Traditional transponder based WDM

PIC-based Integrated Switching + WDM

x-ponders + ROADMs

Gb/s per wave

Wavelengths

Coherent

$ per Gb/s (Transponder cost)

Pervasive, Switched DWDM

Fiber Capacity

FlexChannels

FlexCoherent

$ per switched Gb/s(Network cost)

what THE NETWORK will be

Low Cost Bandwidth in the Cloud

Pervasive and Distributed Switching

Digital Connectivity to the Cloud

Steadfast Reliability

Thank You

Q&A