Post on 01-Jun-2015
description
Infertility facts affects 1 in 6 married couples of
childbearing age definition: have engaged in unprotected
coitus for 1 year and haven’t become pregnant
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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Infertility Facts can be due to:
– failure to conceive, loss of conceptus origin of problem:
– 35% female– 35% male– 20% both partners– 10% unexplained
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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Failure to ovulate
often caused by low body fat or stress GnRH surge may be inadequate
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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Tubal blockage Due to:
– Endometriosis, scar tissue from STD, previous surgery
Treatment: surgery If surgery unsuccessful, IVF, GIFT and
ZIFT are best options
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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Causes of male infertility low sperm count (oligospermia) or
absence of sperm (azoospermia) male may produce antibodies to his own
sperm accessory glands / ducts may
malfunction
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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Intracervical or intrauterine insemination (ICI / IUI) Artificial insemination definition: sperm introduced into female
reproductive tract by means other than coitus (near cervix or in uterus)
sperm can come from donor / sperm bank or from husband
Example of a sperm bank:– http://www.spermbankcalifornia.com/buy-sp
erm-online.html
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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ICI / IUI, cont’d.
usually, several ejaculations are pooled 60,000 babies / year born in US. as
result of artificial insemination often used when male has low sperm
count or antibodies present in ejaculate
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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In vitro fertilization
“test - tube babies” 1st performed in 1978 (Louise Joy
Brown) often performed on infertile women with
tubal blockage
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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IVF Protocol GnRH agonist (e.g. Lupron) for 7 days FSH agonist (follistim, Gonal-F,
Repronex) until follicles measure 17-20 mm in diameter (8-14 days)
hCG given to induce egg maturation Egg retrieval (transvaginally) 34-35 h
later
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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IVF protocol sperm and ova added to dish;
fertilization occurs 12-14hrs. eggs transferred to new dish and cell
division occurs embryos squirted into uterus (optimal
stage: blastocyst) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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IVF Protocol, cont’d. 3 to 5 embryos are injected to increase
chances of pregnancy woman given progestagen to prevent
miscarriage Example of prices:
– http://www.advancedfertility.com/ivfprice.htm
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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IVF Protocol, cont’d. new variations / improvements:
– Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)– use of frozen embryos
27,000 attempts made per year; 18.6% successful (success rates are increasing)
http://www.advancedfertility.com/sampleivfcalendar.htm
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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IVF, cont’d.
Ethical questions:– will it lead to selective breeding?– up to what stage can research be done?– if embryo dies in vitro, is it abortion, murder?– what should be done w/ unwanted embryos?– should government regulate research?
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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GIFT and ZIFT GIFT = gamete intrafallopian transfer useful for tubal blockage ova are collected and inserted into
oviducts below point of blockage husband’s sperm are placed in oviduct
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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GIFT and ZIFT woman is treated with hormones to prevent
miscarriage 28% successful ZIFT = zygote intrafallopian transfer ZIFT is like IVF, only zygotes (1 cell stage)
are inserted below blockage in oviduct (24% success rate)
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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Others
Ovarian stimulation protocol Surrogate pregnancy Adoption
Email: enquiry@medicyatra.com
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