Post on 13-Jan-2017
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY
(BAPPENAS)
INDONESIA DEMOCRACY INDEX (IDI)
Prepared for
Experts Roundtable and South-South Exchange Forum: Lessons
from Assessing Governance: Towards Inclusive Democracies and
Development in Asia
Jakarta, 21 – 22 March, 2012
BAPPENAS
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Background: Why Develop Index?
Lack of instrument to measure development of democracy regularly.
The existing measurement (such as: Freedom House, The Economist Intelligent Unit) is not sufficient enough to capture the development of democracy in each region.
It is a mandatory for BAPPENAS to develop a development planning in order to reinforce consolidation of democracy.
Decentralization process has resulted variety of development of democracy in the region.
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BAPPENAS
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Context of Index Development
o The Index is a country-led assessment as oppose to external assessment; built upon the foundation of national ownership.
o Development of the Index:
– The 2007 Index (Done)
– The 2009 Index (Done)
– The 2010 Index (On going process)
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INDEKS DEMOKRASI INDONESIA www.bappenas.go.id 3
BAPPENAS Utilization of the Index
o As a tool to measure the democracy development at provincial level
o As a tool to assist the government in making annual government plan in political development at provincial level – The IDI data is able to show which aspects, variables, or
indicators that are/are not good enough in order for the government –both national and provincial level, to improve the quality of democracy.
o The provincial government and the society will be able to take important steps in improving their work in the future
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INDEKS DEMOKRASI INDONESIA www.bappenas.go.id 4
KEMENTERIAN PPN/ BAPPENAS
Socialization to the
Provinces
Revising IDI methodology & indicator
Establishing PWGs
Development of 2009 Index
Dissemination of 2007 IDI Result
Development of IDI Utilization Module
Development of 2010 IDI
2009 IDI Utilization Workshop (3 Pilot Provinces: Banten, Aceh, Gorontalo, + Jateng)
Establishing PWGs
2009 IDI Launching and Its Result Dissemination
2009
2010
2011
INDEX DEVELOPMENT INDEX UTILISATION
Main Activities (2009-2012)
2007
IDI
Establish
ing
PWGs
2009
IDI
2012
Revitalizing PWGs
2010
IDI
Development of 2011 IDI
Revitalizing PWGs 2010 IDI Utilization Workshop
(5 additional Provinces)
2010 IDI Launching and Its Result Dissemination 2011
IDI
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY
(BAPPENAS)
KEY FACTORS
BAPPENAS
Key Factors: Management Aspect, Multi Stakeholders Approach (1)
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Project Board
(UNDP/Bappenas/MoHA/ Statistics Indonesia/ Coordinator
Ministry of Politics, Law and Security
Expert Board (Academics, CSO,
Media Practitioner)
Project Management Unit:
•Project Manager
•Project Officer
•Admin & Finance Assistant
Project Assurance (UNDP)
Consultants
Provincial Working Groups (Local Government officer, Local
Legislator, NGOs, Media, University)
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Organizational Structure:
BAPPENAS
Provincial Working Group
Provincial Secretariat
Local Parliament
Kesbang-linmas
University NGO/ media
Provincial BPS
Provincial Planning
Office
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Key Factors: Management Aspect, Multi Stakeholders Approach (2)
Existence of Provincial
Working Groups:
BAPPENAS
Key Factors: Management Aspect, Multi Stakeholders Approach (3)
Provincial Working Groups (PWGs)
Active participation in
disseminating IDI in provincial level
Providing input in improving
indicators and methodology of IDI
Providing input on IDI
utilization strategy
Providing quality assurance in data
collection
Actively participate in implementing IDI
utilization (in planning and
budgeting)
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Role / function of Provincial
Working Groups:
BAPPENAS
Aspect, variable and indicator: local uniqueness, validity and reliability
Data collection and scoring process
– Newspapers review: choosing of the newspaper
– Document review: availability of the relevant official document (regional regulations, minutes of hearing, budget document, etc)
– FGD: tight criteria on conducting FGD (selection criteria of participants, facilitators, time, place, logistic, organizing team)
– In-depth interview: competent resource persons
Indexing
Professionalism and Integrity of Expert Panels 10
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Key Factors: Substance and Methodology
BAPPENAS The Process of Developing Index
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Newspaper
Review
Document
Review
FGD & In-
depth
Interview
Score
(per
indicator)
Weighting
Weighted
Score (per
indicator) IDI
Expert
Judgement
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MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY
(BAPPENAS)
2009 IDI
BAPPENAS
Aspect, Variable & Indicator of 2009 IDI (3 Aspects; 11 Variables; and 28 Indicators)
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Aspect Variable # of Indicators
CIVIL
LIBERTIES
Freedom of assembly and freedom of association 2 indicators
Freedom of expression 2 indicators
Freedom of religion 3 indicators
Freedom from discrimination 3 indicators
POLITICAL
RIGHTS
The rights to vote and get elected in general election 5 indicators
Political participation in decision making and
watchdog
2 indicators
INSTITUTIONS
OF
DEMOCRACY
Free and fair elections 2 indicators
The role of local parliament 3 indicators
The role of political parties
The role of regional government bureaucracy
2 indicators
2 indicators
The role of an independent judiciary 2 indicators
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BAPPENAS
2009 Index: National Index and Comparison with 2007
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62.72
54.60
86.97
67.30
Institutions ofDemocracy
Political Rights
Civil Liberties
Overall
62.72
54.60
86.97
67.30
52.30
53.00
75.70
60.40
Institutions ofDemocracy
Political Rights
Civil Liberties
Overall
2007 2009
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BAPPENAS The 2009 Index Picture of all Provinces
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Civil Liberties Political Rights Institution of Democracy
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BAPPENAS Meaning of the Index SCALE: 0 - 100
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INDEKS DEMOKRASI INDONESIA www.bappenas.go.id 16
INDEX
MEANING
< 60 Low Performing Democracy
60 - 80 Medium Performing Democracy
> 80 High Performing Democracy
KEMENTERIAN PPN/ BAPPENAS
INDEKS DEMOKRASI INDONESIA
Provincial Group based on
Democracy Performance
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HIGH MEDIUM LOW
- Aceh, Riau, Kepri, Sumsel,
Babel, Jambi, Bengkulu,
Lampung, Banten, DKI,
Jabar, Jateng, DIY, Jatim,
Kalbar, Kalteng, Kaltim,
Kalsel, Bali, NTT, Sulsel,
Sulteng, Sulbar, Sultra,
Gorontalo, Sulut, Malut,
Maluku, Papua Barat, Papua,
Sumut, Sumbar
West Nusa Tenggara
High performing democracy
0%Medium performing democracy
97%
Low performing
democracy3%
BAPPENAS Best Practices of IDI
o Benchmarking IDI. 2009 IDI has been set as a benchmark for developing sequential index in future.
o IDI has been stated in the National Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2010 – 2014. In the future, IDI is expected to be utilized as a sectoral target benchmark in planning and budgeting on political development in all provinces.
o Buy-in of Government of Indonesia. Government of Indonesia has allocated state budget for the development of IDI 2011 – 2014.
o Utilization. Workshop for IDI utilization has implemented in 3 pilot provinces (Banten, Gorontalo, Aceh) and Central Java (by their own initiative).
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BAPPENAS Challenges in the Future
o Coordination among stakeholders: Central Government Agencies, UNDP, Expert Board, PMU, Local Government, PWGs.
o Refining IDI methodology and indicator for getting a better index. – One or more newspapers? – Consistency of indicators as important guidance on data collection – A qualified FGD and In-depth interview
o Strengthening the role of PWGs to support data collection and index utilisation process.
o A broader dissemination and socialization of IDI to local stakeholders.
o Scaling up IDI utilisation in other provinces.
o A punctual development of IDI for a maximum utility in line with the planning and budgeting cycle.
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MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY
(BAPPENAS)
THANK YOU