IndiaChina

India• Subcontinent

• Himalayas

• Northern plains

–Most fertile

–Most population

• Deccan Plateau

–Dry climate

–monsoons

• 2000 BC• Aryans invaded

central Asia and occupied territory as far as the North of India

• Sanskrit

Aryan Society

• 3-class system• Warrior-nobles• Priests• Common people• Chief: rajah

– (chosen from Warrior-Nobles)

• Flexible system

Caste system

• Humans & gods were part of universal order

• Fixed social groupings

• DHARMA—code of conduct for particular class

• KARMA—all the deeds of one’s life (good & bad)

• reincarnationTransparency 5

Hinduism • More than a religion

• Way of life• Vishnu-

– preserver

• Shiva-– creator/

destroyer

• Brahma-– chief creator

• Reincarnation

Hindu Families

• Family center of society/security

• Obedience to elders

• Respect for ancient customs

• Wives/husbandstraditional roles

• Widows: sati (suttee)

China—Shang Dynasty• Great artisans• Powerful army• Collect tribute from

neighbors• Farmers-grain & SILK• Written language• Small upper class

– King—high priest—DIVINE RIGHT-- Oracle spirits

• Large lower class

China—Zhou Dynasty

• Tired of paying tribute to Shangs• Overthrew Shang:• Rationale—if Shangs were better rulers,

then couldn’t have been overthrown• Zhou given MANDATE OF HEAVEN• Kept rituals “pure”• Citizens important• Rulers for good of the people—trustees

of the spirits

China—Zhou Dynasty

• Emperor’s title: Son of Heaven

• 900 years—longest dynasty in China’s history

• Too big feudalism

• Oath of loyalty to help each other in times of troubles

FEUDALISM

• A political system in which nobles or lords are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king (or emperor). In return, the nobles owe loyalty and military service to the king and protection to the people who live on their estates.– Local lords more powerful

– Emperor’s power decreased

Accomplishments• Technology: iron plows, weapons,

canals for shipping, irrigation• Trade: coins, merchantswealthy &

influential• Use of horses—is this really important?• Government by bureaucrats

– Trained public officials to handle daily stuff

• Scholars/teachers—advise rulers on correct behavior & political manners

• writers

K’ung Fu-tzu• Confucius• Not a religion• “I stand in awe of the

spirits, but keep them at a distance.”

• Ethics• How to treat your

fellow man?• Teacher, consultant,

counselor, philosopher• 5 Basic Relationships

(transparency 6)

Chinese Family

• Family is more important than the individual

• A well-run family ensures a well-run government

• ♂superior to ♀• Sons more valuable than

daughters• Filial piety—ancestor

worship• Old agerespect &

leisure

• GREATEST SIN: disrespecting parents

Causes

Development of agriculture

Domestication of animals

Key Development

Growth of village life

8000-3000 BC

Effects

Specialization of skills

Private property

New technology—sources of power, invention, networking

Beginning of civilization

What were the effects of the development of agriculture and the domestication of animals?

How many years ago was 8000 BC?

What were the effects of the development of agriculture and the domestication of animals?

How many years ago was 8000 BC?