Post on 25-Apr-2020
Presenter: Guyo M. Roba, PhD Student.
Authors: Guyo M. Roba, Margareta A. Lelea,Anja Christinck, Brigitte Kaufmann
European Seminar on Extension and EducationApril 28 – May 1, 2015
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Identifying actors as prospective stakeholders intransdisciplinary research on pastoral livestock-
meat supply chains in northern Kenya
INTRODUCTION
In transdisciplinary research, theory and practice areintegrated to:
o address issues and questions raised by different stakeholders
o link knowledge production in academia, and knowledge requiredfor solving societal problems
o integrate knowledge, interests, power and values for solutions tothe problem
o mutual learning between practitioner experts and scientificexperts
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German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
RESEARCH PROBLEM
“Integration of all relevant stakeholders”
o the phrase masks the complexity of stakeholder process
o spectrum of methodologies behind the term
o what is relevant? who decides what is relevant?
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German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPT OF STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS IN TRANSDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
4Step 6: Stakeholder integration in the research process
Step 5: Selection of participants
Which stakeholders should participate in the research project?
Step 4: Stakeholder analysisWho has a 'stake' with regard to
the problem/issue and why? Stakeholder analysis - outcome What are the relationshipsbetween stakeholders?
Step 3: Formulation of a specific problem or issue to be addressed in the research
e.g. reducing post-harvest losses, improving quality of products, etc.
Step 2: Actor identification and initial characterizationIdentifying actors and their roles, objectives and
scope of action in the human activity system Reflecting on social difference
Step 1: Selection of a human activity system for research focuse.g. a particular food supply chain
Source: Lelea et, al. 2015
STEPS IN STAKEHOLDER INTEGRATION IN RESEARCH PROCESS
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Remote dryland area
Inhabited by Rendillepastoral community
Main stocks traded aregoats and sheep
Working up from `producercatchment` areas
Step 1: Selection of a human activity system: goat andsheep supply chains in Northern Kenya
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
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German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
Merille Livestock MarketPhoto: Roba, 2014
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Actor: is a category of person who performs certainfunctions within a human activity system.
Methods for identification
o secondary document review
o participant observation
o snow ball techniques
Step 2: Actor identification and initial characterization
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
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• Herding• Watering• Animal treatment• Trekking goat to market
Producers• Government veterinary
officer• Local NGOs
Actors directly involved with thegoats and sheep
Activities Interrelated actors
Local Traders, Localbutchers &
Individuals (herders& assistants in the
market
Transporters & Lorrybrokers
• Identify goats/sheep ofinterest
• Branding the animal• Trekking to collection
point• Organize transport from
Marsabit
• Animal loading• Trucking to the next
market
• Market committee• County government• Local NGOs
• County government• Government veterinary
officer• Individual labourers
• Price negotiation &payment
• Price negotiation &payment
• Getting movement permit• Getting health license• Sand loading
• Getting movement permit• Getting health license• Sand loading
Step 2: Actor identification and initial characterizationStep 2: Actor identification - outcome
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
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• Paying market access fee• Counting goats and
handing over to brokerNairobi Traders &
Brokers
• Local trader• County government of
Nairobi• Exporters• Institutions• Individual households• Transporters
Activities Interrelated actors
Butchers
• Cooling• Pricing & selling
• Nairobi traders• Consumers• Tanneries• Meat distributors• Public health officers
• Slaughtering• Meat distribution• Selling meat and skins
Domestic &export marketDomestic &export market
Wholesalers:
• Price negotiations &selling
• Price negotiations &selling
• Distribution• Distribution• Urban consumers
• Households• Hotels, bar &
restaurants• Meat exporters
(Middle East)
Step 2: Actor identification – outcome continued
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
Actors directly involved with thegoats and sheep
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How to increase benefits to multiple actors of a goatand sheep supply chains through improved market
information flow and coordination of marketactivities?
Step 3: Formulation of specific problem to be addressedby the research
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
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Stakeholder: While actors are those who do an activity in the
chain, stakeholders are those actors who are concerned with aspecific problem situation
Methods
o interviews
o participatory mapping – Net Map and Venn Diagram
Step 4: Stakeholder analysis
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
Producer
Local traders
Transporters
NairobiBrokers
ActorsActorsInterests• Size of goats
demanded by endmarket
• Reliable buyers• Information on
alternative buyers• Contract with
buyers• Ready transport• Where to get
animals fortransportation toNairobi
• Better brokeragefees & frequentsupply of goats tothe market
Knowledge• Livestock
productioncondition & salescycles
• Types of animalsdemanded byspecific market
• End-market prices
• Transport costs• Availability of
transport vehicles
• Different buyers inNairobi
• Animal prices• Market demand &
supply conditions 12
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
Step 4: Stakeholder analysis - outcome
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Selecting participants:
o Stakeholders with potential for collaboration
o Stakeholders select their own representatives – alongagreed criteria
o Adding participants as the process proceeds
Step 5: Selection of participants
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
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Collaborative learning and action with stakeholders
Step 6: Stakeholder integration in the research process
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
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CONCLUSIONS
Multi-stage analysis of detailed activity & sub-activities:
o Builds a clear picture of the actors and their relationships;
o Minimizes the risk of skipping important stakeholders;
The approach enables simultaneous understanding of thestakeholder’s interests, knowledge and constraints.
The interest of one stakeholder group can be addressed byknowledge held by another group.
The approach can be modified to specific situation
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
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THANK YOU
German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
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German Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (DITSL), Witzenhausen, Germany
REFERENCESEngestrom, Yrjo. 2000. “Activity Theory as a Framework for Analyzing and RedesigningWork.” Ergonomics 43 (7): 960–74.
Enserink, Bert, Leon Hermans, Jan Kwakkel, Wil Thissen, Joop Koppenjan, and PieterBots. 2010. Policy Analysis of Multi-Actor Systems. Hague.
Hirsch Hadorn, G., Bradley, D., Pohl, C., Rist, St., andWiesmann, U.: 2006, Implicationsof Transdisciplinarity for Sustainability Research, Ecol Econ 60, 119–128.
Hirsch Hadorn, G., Hoffmann-Riem, H., Biber-Klemm, S., Grossenbacher-Mansuy, W.,Joye, D., Pohl, C., Wiesmann, U., Zemp, E. (Eds.), 2008. Handbook of TransdisciplinaryResearch, Dordrecht, Springer.
Long, Norman. 1990. From Paradigm Lost to Paradigm Regained? The Case for anActor-oriented Sociology of Development. European Review of Latin American andCaribbean Studies 49: 3-24.
Varvasovszky, Zsuzsa and Ruairi Brugha. 2000. “How to Do (or Not to Do)... AStakeholder Analysis.” Health Policy and Planning 15 (3): 338–45.