THIS IS CERTAINLY

OUR FUTURE if we

do not ACT NOW

1

DIGDIG FAULT

RUNNING THROUGH

WESTERN IFUGAO

PROVINCE

IFUGAO

IFUGAO

CATEGORY 3 & 4

TYPHOONS

Structural failure

of some buildings.

Complete roof

failures on many

buildings.

During earthquakes

• Well-built buildings

suffer slight

damage

• Poorly built

structures suffer

severe damage

• Hillsides might

crack if the ground

is wet

DIGDIG FAULT

NEW IGH LOCATION

WHAT DOES THESE MEAN?

MISSING SUPPORT

EMBEDDED

PAPER

IGH

IGH IGH

INSUFFICIENT CONCRETE

COVER ON “BARIKIS”

THAT ARE NOT TIED WITH

135 DEGREES HOOKS…

MAY END UP LIKE

THIS!

IGH

NOT THIS WAY!

THIS WAY!

IGH

CONSTRUCTION

JOINTS

AT THIS POINT

OF HIGH

STRESS…

CAN RESULT TO

THIS DURING AN

EARTHQUAKE

IGH

THESE NON-MONOLITHICALLY POURED CONCRETE

CORBELS CAN NOT HOLD THE RAFTERS!

Chipped, Drilled, welded… IGH

IGH

IGH

IGH

IGH. . . & superimposed

AN EARTHQUAKE CAN LEAD TO THIS!

WATERY MIX = LOW

STRENGTH CONCRETE

GOOD ENOUGH FOR

THIS STRUCTURE

IGH

IGH

USING RIVETS INSTEAD OF THE SPECIFIED

FASTENERS MEANS BLOWN AWAY ROOFS

DURING A CATEGORY 3 & 4 TYPHOON

TESTED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

UPPER GROUND FLOOR (PHASE 1)

BEAMS FAILED

(1450 psi, 1950 psi)

SLAB 1

(2051 psi)

SLAB 2

(2574 psi)

REFERENCE: .85(3,000 psi) = 2550

TESTED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS II.

SLAB 3 (2571 psi)

SECOND FLOOR (PHASE 1)

REFERENCE: .85(3,000 psi) = 2550

TESTED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS III.

ROOF FRAME (PHASE 2)

BEAM (1450 psi)

BEAM (1350 psi)

BEAM (1800 psi)

REFERENCE: .85(3,000 psi) = 2550

PHASE 2 STRUCTURAL WORK COVERAGE:

All

CONCRETE GUTTER

SUPERIMPOSED

CORBEL

SUPERIMPOSED

CORBEL

PHASE 2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN INFRACTIONS:

SUBSTANDARD STRENGTH

OF STRUCTURAL

MEMBERS (COLUMNS,

BEAMS, STIFFENERS)IMPROPER

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

ON BEAMS/STIFFENERS

CHANGE OF DESIGN OF

CONCRETE GUTTER

SUPERIMPOSED

CORBEL

PHASE 2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN INFRACTIONS:

CHANGE OF ROOF DESIGN

PHASE 2 CONTRACT DESIGN INFRACTIONS:

BADLY TIED “BARIKIS” ON COLUMNS

+ EMBEDDED PAPER & WOOD

+ WRONG CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

+ NON-MONOLITHIC “BUHOS”

+ WEAK CONCRETE STRENGTH

+ POORLY FASTENED ROOFING

+ VIOLATION OF BUILDING CODES

=

A HOSPITAL IS A BUILDING THAT IS

ESSENTIAL TO POST-EARTHQUAKE OR

DISASTER RESPONSE AND THEREFORE

MUST HAVE:

• Very low risk of earthquake induced-

collapse

• Low risk that the building or structure

will be damaged sufficiently to impair use

in post-earthquake response and

recovery efforts

WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE NOW?

1. A THOROUGH ASSESSMENT OF THE STRUCTURE

2. IMMEDIATE AND PROPER REMEDIES (DEMOLISH

WHAT CAN NOT BE SAVED, RETROFIT WHAT CAN BE FIXED, REDESIGN WHAT NEEDS TO BE IMPROVED)

3. STRICT COMPLIANCE TO CODES AND DESIGN

SPECIFICATIONS

4. FUND SUPPORT

5. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN MONITORING THE

IMPLEMENTATION

WHO ALLOTS FUNDS FOR THE IGH?

- THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH THROUGH

THE HEALTH FACILITIES ENHANCEMENT

PROGRAM (HFEP) WHICH WILL END IN

2015

WHO INFORMS THE DOH ON THE NEEDS

OF THE IGH?

- THE GOVERNOR, FROM THE PLGU’S

PLANS, PROGRAM OF WORKS AND

REPORTS

SOME QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS:

WHO NEGOTIATES WITH DOH ON FUNDING?

- THE CONGRESSMAN AIDED BY GROUND

INFORMATION FROM THE GOVERNOR/PLGU

WHO WILL HANDLE FUTURE WORKS OF THE

PROJECT?

- THE DPWH (DBM CIRCULAR 551 JANUARY 2, 2014)

WHO SHALL SUPERVISE THE NEXT

PHASES?

- THE DPWH, BEING THE IMPLEMENTOR,

SHALL SUPERVISE

CAN THE PUBLIC MONITOR THE PROJECT?

- YES, ACCREDITED CIVIL SOCIETY

ORGANIZATIONS CAN NOW MONITOR

AND PARTICIPATE IN:

• PROJECT IDENTIFICATION

• BUDGETING PROCESS

• PRE-CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

• CONSTRUCTION, AND

• POST EVALUATION OF PROJECTS

OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS

1. RECOMMENDATION

From ICW and Ifugao Professionals:

“…re-analyze the entire structure with a finite element program using

the concrete test results and identify failing structural components. If too

many components are failing, normally at beam-column connections, I would introduce bracing. Bracing can compromise functionality and

aesthetics but “Safety is Number One”. Columns in a braced system

would be spared most of the bending stresses from earthquake and wind.

They participate as axial members with stresses more uniformly dispersed

in their cross section thus greatly reducing stress concentrations. Where

flexural members (beams and slabs) are still overstressed with bracings in

place, there are a number of solutions including what I described above.

With the lowered ultimate strengths used in the analysis, it may become

possible to use CRFP to reduce stresses below those strengths if close

enough though I would limit its possible use to beams because of the

stringent quality controls required that may be difficult to maintain over

wide slab areas…” – Arthur Butic, Structural Engineer, USA

From ICW and Ifugao Professionals:

“…use thick steel plates all sides welded full height of the

columns gunite* with high strength cement to fill up the gap

between plates & column….(this) will straighten out the

column perpendicularly on center though the column will be bigger in size. YOU CANNOT RETROFIT A VERY

WEAK CONCRETE STRUCTURE WITH CFRP. ” –

Manny Dulnuan, Engineer USA

*GUNITE - a cement-sand mortar that is sprayed onto formwork, walls, or rock by a compressed air ejector giving a very dense strong concrete layer: used to repair reinforced concrete

IGH MAIN BUILDING AT

“SAFE DISTANCE”

NATURAL STORM WATER

DRAINAGE

“GOHANG, KULU”

2. RECOMMENDATION: ON LOCATION

RECOMMENDATION: BUILD PROPER STORM DRAIN

CHANNELS TO PREVENT SCOURING OF SURROUNDINGS

Note to neighbors & LGU: no settlement must be built along this natural drain

35

3. FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS

-DPWH as implementor of next phases to

consult the Designers

-MOA provisions to include civil society

groups to monitor the project

-Ammend R.A. 9184 or update IRR to

include specific guidelines on Phased

Projects

Merry Christmas!

May God grant the Immipuggo good health, peace, more blessings and wisdom in the new year