Post on 18-Jan-2016
Hypernovae and Black Holes
이창환 ( 서울대학교 )
End of Life? or
Beginning of New Life?
• We have seen 15 black hole binaries in our Galaxy.
• We have seen evidences of Hypernovae explosions in black hole binaries
• Ironically, Black Holes are the sources of the most energetic explosions in the Universe after Big Bang
Final Conclusion will be
Believe or Not
Compact Stars
• White Dwarf [M < 1.4 Msun; R=1000 km]
• Neutron Star [M < 3 Msun; R < 15 km]
• Black Holes
Density of Neutron Star
1 cm3
All buildings in Seoul
What is Theoretical Black Hole?
Sun : r = 3 km
Earch : r = 9 mm
Total Nonsense !?
Einstein’s General Relativity
Light cannot escape !
Soueces of Strong X-ray in the Universe
• Neutron Stars [M < 3 MSun; R <15 km]
• Black Holes
• … …
Theoretical Candidates
Radiation from accreting material
Now Scientists believe that black hole exists !
X-ray Observations
•First Observation 1962
•First X-ray Satellite Uhuru (Dec. 1970)
•..
•Current Missions Chandra (NASA) XMM-Newton (Europe)
•Future Xeus (ESA), Constellation-X(NASA), etc
Chandra (NASA)
What is black hole in real observation ?• Strong souce of X-ray emission
• X-ray emission region is very small
• No stable star exists with given mass & size
We call it a Black Hole !
Beyond Neutron Star
Black Hole Binaries in our Galaxy
XTE J1118+480Galactic Disk
Explosions from black holes ?
Oscillating Brightness (GRO J1655-40)
X-ray & Optical Telescopes
15 Black Hole Binaries observed
> 3000 active
black hole binaries
in our Galaxy
Nova Sco 94
N O Mg Si S Ti Fe
[Xi/H] 0.45
1.00
0.90 0.90
0.75
0.90
0.10
error 0.50
0.30
0.40 0.30
0.20
0.40
0.20
[Xi/H]: logarithmic abundances relative to solar
Israelial et al. 1999, Nature
m=2Msun ; MBH=6Msun
It’s impossible for normal stars!
Where did they come from?
Abundances in the secondary of Nova Sco
Hypernova to explain the observations.
[Hypernova=1031 Atomic Bomb at Hiroshima]
N O Mg Si S Ti Fe
[Xi/H] 0.45
1.00
0.90 0.90
0.75
0.90
0.10
error 0.50
0.30
0.40 0.30
0.20
0.40
0.20
They had to come from black hole progenitor when it exploded.
System velocity (-106 km/s) :
Abrupt Mass Loss by Explosion
Another evidence ?C.M.
Mg,Si,S,…
Hypernova Explosions from Rotating BH
Spinning BH (QPOs)
High Black Hole Mass ( > 5 Msun)
--- Maximum Neutron Star Mass < 3 Msun
1. From where ?
태양의 1-2 배
태양의 20-30 배 질량
2. How to form ?
외부 팽창 , 내부 수축
공전주기 < 12 시간
3. How to extract energy ?
블랙홀 자전 초당 1 만번
Hypernovae
Accretion Disk
Rotating black hole is not so greedy!
Falling material can survive!
New Life !
Supernovae Hypernovae
Hypernovae in BH X-ray Binaries
We have seen it twice.
So, it happens Everywhere ?
Nova Sco, V4641 Sgr
Hypernovae
Hypernovae in BH X-ray Binaries
ApJ, in press
동아일보 4 월 24 일
• We have seen 15 black hole binaries in our Galaxy.
• We have seen evidences of hypernovae.
Final Conclusion
If you believe, you will see the BHs !
Blessed are those who believe !
Ironically, Black Holes are the sources of the most energetic explosions in the Universe after Big Bang
Why am I doing this ?
It’s a lot of fun !
Thanks for your attendance !