Howard Gardner’s:Theory of Multiple Intelligence[Frames of Mind-1983]

What is Intelligence?•Traditional Definition:“Intelligence is a uniform cognitive

capacity people are born with. This capacity can be easily measured by short answer tests.

•Webster’s Definition: “The Power of knowing, the ability to

understand and/or deal with new situations.”

What is Multiple Intelligence?

•According to Howard Gardner, a psychologist and professor at Harvard University’s Graduate School of Education, “An intelligence is the ability to solve problems or to create products, that are valued within one or more cultural settings.”

•The question is not “How smart am I?” but rather “How am I smart?”

Features of Multiple Intelligence•He claims that human beings have multiple

intelligences.•Each individual has 9 intelligences in varying

amounts•These intelligences are located in different

areas of the brain.•They either work independently or together.•These MI can be nurtured and strengthened or

ignored & weakened.•We can improve education by addressing these

multiple intelligences of our students.

How intelligences develop:

•Nature (Genetics)•Nurture (Environment)•Culture (Values)

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:

1. Verbal/ Linguistic

2. Visual/ Spatial

3. Logical/ Mathematical

4. Musical/ Rhythmic

5. Bodily / Kinesthetic

6. Interpersonal

7. Intrapersonal

8. Naturalistic

9. Existential

Linguistic Intelligence

                                                                             

                                                  

~*Linguistic Intelligence*~

Linguistic Intelligence (Word Smart) is the capacity to use language, your native language, and perhaps other languages, to express what's on your mind and to understand other people.

Gardner's Definition:

•People with high linguistic intelligence are good at reading, writing, telling stories and memorizing words with dates.

Linguistic intelligent people learn best by:•Book

reporting•Telling jokes•Writing

words•Reading • Journal

writing•Speaking

•Letter writing•Storytelling•Discussing•Creative writing•Debating•Persuading

•Writer

•Journalist

•Poet

•Teacher

•Radio Announcer

•Translator

•Lawyer

•Philosopher

•Politician

•Orator

•Actor

•Curator

Careers

Visual - Spatial

Intelligence

What is spatial intelligence?•Spatial intelligence (Picture Smart) is the capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly.

•People with high visual-spatial intelligence have the ability to visualize with mind’s eye.

•They have the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined area.

Spatial intelligent people learn best by:•Brochures•Collages•Designs•Drawings•Flow Charts•Mapping•Molding Clay•Patterns

•Painting•Photography•Posters•Sculpting•Visualizing•Idea Sketching•Labeling

Careers•Advertising•Architect•Cartographer(Ma

p Maker)•Drafter•Engineer•Fine Artist•Graphic Designer•Fashion Designer

• Interior Designer

• Inventor• Painter• Photographer• Pilot• Sculptor• Surveyor• Urban Planner

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

• Logical-mathematical intelligence (Logic Smart) is the capacity to use numbers effectively and reason well.

• People with this intelligence think by reasoning, and they love experimenting, questioning, figuring out logical puzzles, and calculating.

• They are able to identify a problem and solve it right there on the spot.

• Analyzing• Categorizing• Formulas• Logic Games• Numbers• Outlining• Patterns• Problem Solving

•Reasoning•Time Lines•Synthesis•Sequencing•Rational Thinking•Scientific Thinking•Venn Diagrams•Statistics

Mathematical Intelligent people learn best by:

Careers• Accountant

• Engineer

• Doctor

• Banker

• Businessperson

• Computer Analyst

• Computer Programmer

• Science/Math Teacher

• Economist

• Logicians

• Mathematician

• Physicist

• Scientist

• Statistician

• Technician

What is Musical Intelligence?•Musically intelligent people are able to distinguish the sounds around and can make their own melodies.

• Musical intelligence (Music Smart) is the ability to create and appreciate tunes and rhythm.

Musical Intelligent People learn best by:

• Sing Ballads

• Create Chants• Create Concept Songs• Discographies (lists of musical selections to enhance what you are learning or teaching.)• Environmental Sounds• Humming• Illustrate With Sounds• Rhythms

• Instrumental sounds• Listening• Lyrics• Mood Music• Music Composition or

creation• Musical concepts• Musical Performance• Percussion and Raps• Reproduce sounds and

rhythms• Singing and Songs

Careers

• Song Writer• Performing

Musician • Piano Tuner • Singer • Musical Theater

Actor/ Actress • Studio Engineer • Instrument

Manager • Rapper

• Advertising Agent• Conductor• Disc Jockey• Film/Instrument

Maker• Composer• Music Teacher• Sound Engineer• Music Therapist

What is Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence?•Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence (Body Smart) is

an expertise in using one’s whole body to express ideas and feelings.

• It is the ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skillfully.

•People with high bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence have total body control, sense of timing, a clear sense of the goal of a physical action, an ability to train responses to become reflexes.

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

Love Dancing Running Jumping Building Touching Gesturing

Need Role play Drama Movement Things to build Sports and

physical games Tactile (touchable)

experiences Hands-on learning

Thinking through physical sensations

Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligent People best learn by:•Acting•Charades•Collections•Demonstrations•Experiments•Field Trips•Gymnastics

•Impersonations•Inventing•Martial Arts•Miming•Puppetry•Visiting•Exercise

Careers•Actor•Athlete•Carpenter•Choreographer•Craftsman•Dancer•Police Officer

•Surgeon•Mechanic•Mime•P.T. Teacher•Physical Therapist

•Soldier•Forest Ranger

Interpersonal Intelligence

Interpersonal Intelligence

• Interpersonal intelligence, (people smart), is understanding other people.

•Capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others.

•People with high inter-personal intelligence tend to be extroverts, sensitive to other’s moods, feelings, temperaments and motivations. 

Interpersonally intelligent people learn best by:

• Giving feedback to the teacher or to classmates• Understanding other's feelings• Person-to-person communication• Cooperative learning strategies• Receiving feedback• Group projects• Teaching someone else something new• Learning from someone outside of school• Other points of view• Creating  group rules• Acting in a play or simulation• Conducting an interview• Creating "phone buddies" for homework• Sensing others’ motives• Creating  group rules

Careers• Administrator• Anthropologist• Arbitrator• Counselor• Manager• Nurse• Personnel Director• Politician• Social Worker

• Public Relations • Salesperson• School Principal• Sociologist• Therapist• Teacher• Travel Agent• Religious Leader• Psychologist

•Capacity to be self-aware (Self Smart) and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes.

•This intelligence includes having an accurate picture of oneself (one’s strengths and weaknesses); awareness of inner moods, intentions, motivations, temperaments, and desires; and the capacity for self-discipline, self-understanding, and self-esteem.

•Essentially, it’s how well you know yourself.

*Autobiography *Awareness of Personal Feelings

*Concentration *Expression of Feelings

*Focusing *Free-Choice Time

*Goal Setting *Higher-Order Thinking and Reasoning

*Independent Studies Projects *Mood Awareness and Shifting

*Personal Application * Personal Priorities

*Personal Projection *Sensing the Emotions of the Moment

*Self –Identification *Thinking Strategies

• Clergyman • Entrepreneur

• Program planner • Psychiatrist

• Psychology Teacher • Philosopher

• Theologian • Researcher

• Spiritual Counselor • Psychologist

Naturalistic Intelligence•Ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature.

•People with high naturalistic intelligence (Nature Smart) are extremely sensitive to nature, nurturing and relating information to one’s natural surrounding.

Naturalistic Intelligent people learn best by:•Relating to the environment•Day to day experiences•Working in open atmosphere•Studying about nature and environment•Outdoor Exploration•Science Experiments•Field Trips

Careers•Naturalists•Farmers•Gardeners•Environmentalists•Biologists•Environmental activists•Anthropologists•Geologists

Existential Intelligence

•Sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence such as the meaning of life, why do we die and how the world came into being(deep question smart).

Caution for Educators !•No intelligence is better than another•Avoid categorizing students•Don’t teach everything in all 8 ways•Try to include each intelligence in each unit

or group of lessons •Adjust ways of assessing

Questions to Ponder:•What does it mean to be a multiple intelligence teacher?

•How can I do a better job at teaching to diverse intelligences?

•What are my strongest and weakest intelligences?

•What are my goals? Will this benefit my students and how?

Qualities of an Effective MI Teacher:

•Communicative•Committed•Compassionate•Creative•Dependable•Ethical•Flexible•Knowledgeable

•Motivational•Organized•Positive•Patient•Personable•Perceptive•Resourceful•Sense of Humor

Hope you had

an enjoyable learning experience!

Prepared By: NAJMA KAZIEmail: najmakazi@gmail.com