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2013/SOM3/SCSC/WKSP2/014 Session 6

How to Quantify the Economic Benefit of Using BIM to Detect Design Errors: Case Study – D3 City

Project in Seoul, Korea

Submitted by: Yonsei University

Joint APEC-ASEAN Workshop - How Building Information Modeling Standards

Can Improve Building Performance Medan, Indonesia

24-25 June 2013

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Designed by Ohyoon Kwon

APEC BIM Workshop

2013. 6. 25.

Ghang Lee, Ph.D., Associate Professor

Director, Building Informatics GroupArchitectural Engineering, Yonsei University

glee@yonsei.ac.kr

How to Quantify the Economic Benefit of Using BIM to Detect Design Errors Case Study – D3 City Project in Seoul, Korea

Main Research/Teaching Interests

Software

Hardware

Social-cultural Technical

• Information Technology (IT) in Construction• Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Interoperability/Data exchangeSoftware engineering

Knowledge and data elicitation and management / Ontology

Parametric and constraint-based modelingRule-based design/constructability analysis

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Main Research/Teaching Interests

Software

Hardware

Social-cultural Technical

Automation in construction

Interoperability/Data exchange

Construction devices and methods

Software engineering

Knowledge and data elicitation and management / Ontology

Parametric and constraint-based modelingRule-based design/constructability analysis

• Information Technology (IT) in Construction• Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Main Research/Teaching Interests

Software

Hardware

Social-cultural Technical

Indicators for evaluating technology adoption in construction

Automation in construction

Interoperability/Data exchange

Usability/User experience

BIM-based collaboration and coordination

Construction devices and methods

Productivity analysis

BIM collaboration network

Software engineering

Knowledge and data elicitation and management / Ontology

Parametric and constraint-based modelingRule-based design/constructability analysis

• Information Technology (IT) in Construction• Building Information Modeling (BIM)

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BIM Uses

R. Kreider, J. Messner, and C. Dubler, "Determining the frequency and impact of applying BIM for different purposes on building projects," in 6th International Conference on Innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC), Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA, 2010.

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Most Beneficial Ways of Using BIM

Source: McGraw-Hill Construction, 2012. p. 32

Outline

• Current practice – BIM-assisted Error Detection and Coordination

• Case study –How to quantify the economic benefits of using BIM to detect design errors.

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Current Practice

How do we use BIM today?

(a)

Game #1

Plan

Front Right

Left Back

Based on: Kang, J.H., Anderson, S.D., and Clayton, M.J. 2007. Empirical Study on the Merit of Web-Based 4D Visualization in Collaborative Construction Planning and Scheduling. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, 133(6): 447-461.

G. Lee, A Hitchhiker's Guide to BIM - Reading BIM through 43 Questions. Seoul: Pixelhouse, 2011.

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(b)

Game #2

G. Lee, A Hitchhiker's Guide to BIM - Reading BIM through 43 Questions. Seoul: Pixelhouse, 2011.

Based on: Kang, J.H., Anderson, S.D., and Clayton, M.J. 2007. Empirical Study on the Merit of Web-Based 4D Visualization in Collaborative Construction Planning and Scheduling. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, 133(6): 447-461.

Source: James G. Davis Construction

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Source: James G. Davis Construction

BIM [bim] - abbr. 1 building information model2 building information modeling3 informal building information management4 informal building information modeling

software

About 44 BIM Guidelines• South Korea: 5• United States: 27• Europe: 7• Oceania: 3• South Asia: 2

“The development and use of a computer softwaremodel to simulate the construction and operation of a facility”

AGC, "The Contractors' Guide to BIM," The Associated General Contractors (AGC) of America, Arlington, VA, USA2006.

“A digital representation of (the) physical and functional characteristics of a facility”

US Army Corps of Engineers, "Building Information Modeling (BIM)," 2006.

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The Essence of BIM

“Rehearsal” "Visual Communication”

BIM-Assisted Automated Error (Clash) Detection - Example

Source: DPR Construction

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“OK. I’m convinced. But how much can I benefit from BIM?”

SmartMarket Report Series

1. Young, N. W., Jr., S. A. Jones, et al. (2007). Interoperability in the Construction Industry. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: 36.

2. Young, N. W., Jr., S. A. Jones, et al. (2008). Building Information Modeling (BIM) - Transforming Design and Construction to Achieve Greater Industry Productivity. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: 48.

3. Young, N. W., Jr., S. A. Jones, et al. (2009). 2009 Business Value of BIM. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: 52.

4. Bernstein, H. M., S. A. Jones, et al. (2010). 2010 Business Value of BIM in Europe. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: 52.

5. Bernstein, H. M., S. A. Jones, et al. (2010). Green BIM - How Building Information Modeling is Contributing to Green Design and Construction. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: 56.

6. Bernstein, H. M., S. A. Jones, et al. (2012). 2012 Business Value of BIM for Infrastructure. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: 64.

7. Bernstein, H. M., S. A. Jones, et al. (2012). 2012 Business Value of BIM in North America. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction: 64.

8. Lee, G., J. Lee, et al. (2012). 2012 Business Value of BIM in South Korea. SmartMarket Report. Bedford, MA, McGraw Hill Construction.

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Perceived ROI (Return on Investment)

Source: McGraw-Hill Construction, 2012. p. 19

Perceived Benefits

vs.

Actual Benefits

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Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Two drivers for user acceptance of information

technology

“Perceived” usefulness“Perceived” ease of use

Ref: F. D. David, "Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology," MIS Quarterly, vol. 13, pp. 318-340, 1989.

How can we quantify the economic value of BIM-based early design error detection?

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Case Study

How to quantify the economic benefits of using BIM in detecting design errors?

Source: D-Cube City, http://www.hoteljoin.com/agent/index.php/resv/main?hcode=1000&aid=bomultour

D3 (D-Cube) City

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D3 City

Types of Design Errors - Illogical Design

G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project — Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp. 577-586, 2012.

Illogical Design

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Discrepancies between drawings

Types of Design Errors – Discrepancy

G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project — Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp. 577-586, 2012.

Missing Information

Types of Design Errors - Missing Information

G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project — Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp. 577-586, 2012.

Missing

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Illogical Design22%

Discrepancy51%

Missing items27%

Frequency of Errors

First Challenge: Rework Cost Calculation

Direct construction costs + Delay….Reinforcement costs +

X 2

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The Second Challenge

“Experienced engineers can find most design errors before construction.”

A total of 52%

Unlikely to find50:50 chanceLikely to find

Percentage of Errors

G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project — Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp. 577-586, 2012.

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G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project — Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp. 577-586, 2012.

Interpretation of Likelihood – Static Approach

25% 50% 75%

Cost of Errors

Likelihood ofDetecting Errors

Static Approach

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Interpretation of Likelihood – Probabilistic Approach

25% 50% 75%

Cost of Errors

Likelihood ofDetecting Errors

Probabilistic Approach

BIM ROI

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G. Lee, H. K. Park, and J. Won, "D3 City project — Economic impact of BIM-assisted design validation," Automation in Construction, vol. 22, pp. 577-586, 2012.

Potential saving from design error avoidance

US$ Percentage Accumulative

Total construction costs 583,000,000

Prevented rework costs 1,455,325 0.25%

One-week delay 1,335,056 0.23% 0.48%

One-month delay 5,340,223 0.92% 1.17%

Expected Saving in terms of the total construction costs

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US Geological Survey, “Material Flow and Sustainability”http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0068-98/fs-0068-98.pdf

40% of raw materials use

Construction Market

Most importantly…

• The project team felt that this BIM ROI analysis method and its results were reliable.

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Lessons Learned

• Data must be collected “during” construction. • A detailed data collection scheme (including metrics,

data collection process and forms) must be established “before” construction.

• The data collection process should not be an additional task, but should rather be assimilated as a part of a team’s daily work process.

Metrics

National/Economy Level

Organization Level

Project Level

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Metrics

National/Economy Level

Organization Level

Project Level

P. Teicholz. (2004). Labor Productivity Declines in the Construction Industry: Causes and Remedies. Available: http://www.aecbytes.com/viewpoint/2004/issue_4.html

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A Comparative Analysis of the Construction Labor Productivity

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

USJapanS. KoreaUK

J.-S. Won and G. Lee, "An analysis of the international competitiveness of productivity in the Korean construction industry " Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, vol. 9, pp. 75-83 2008. 8. 2008.

SLIM BIM Indexes – “Diamond Web”

0%

100%

Depth of BIMImplementation

Years using BIM

Level of BIM Proficiency

Level of BIM Adoption

S. Korea (2012) N. America (2009)

N. America (2012) W. Europe (2010)

BIG, (2012) “SLIM BIM & BIM SLAM” https://sites.google.com/site/bimslam/

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SLIM BIM Indexes – “Rugby Ball”

South Korea (2012) N. America (2009)

N. America (2012) W. Europe(2010)

BIG, (2012) “SLIM BIM & BIM SLAM” https://sites.google.com/site/bimslam/

Engagement Index

H. M. Bernstein, S. A. Jones, M. A. Russo, D. Laquidara-Carr, W. Taylor, J. Ramos, et al., "2012 Business Value of BIM in North America," McGraw Hill Construction, Bedford, MA2012.

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Metrics

National/Economy Level

Organization Level

Project Level

BIM SLAM Indexes

BIM Goal 1e.g., cost reduction

BIM Use 1

BIM Use 2

…

e.g., design coordination

e.g., design review

BIM KPI 1

BIM KPI 2

BIM KPI 3

…

e.g., labor productivity

e.g., # of RFIs

e.g., planned vs. actual schedule

BIM Goal 2e.g., energy saving

Goal Use Key Performance Index

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BIM SLAM Indexes – Selected BIM KPIs

BIM KPIsG

oals

BIM Uses

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http://big.yonsei.ac.kr

Thank you.