Post on 04-Jan-2016
How GIS can be used in Census Mapping in the context of integrating Statistical Data
into the National Information Infrastructure for Development
Andre NonguiermaUnited Nations Economic Commission for Africa
ICT and Sciences & Technology for Development DivisionGeoinformation Systems Section (GiSS)
Workshop on Census Mapping & Management
Lusaka, 8 – 10 October 2007
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Outlines
Spatially-enabled StatisticsIssues in AfricaGeospatial Technologies insightData we can get and WhereTools we can we useCapacity BuildingCoordination : SDIChallengesWay Forward
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Why spatially-enabled statistics?
Arguing that 80% of all human decisions involve a “where?” question :
Location affects nearly everything we do in life: we choose where to build homes, where to eat, where the nearest hospital is in case of emergency, etc…
Whatever we do, whatever happens, happens somewhere ….
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Why Spatially-enabled statistics?
Because we … Need to visualize complex social, economic and
environmental indicators in their spatial relationships
Need to provide various “what if” planning scenarios results in quantitative measures that allow developers, planners, and community groups to feel greater comfort with the ultimate design decision.
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Why Spatially-enabled statistics?
Because if Information are the sum of our interpretation of data … We cannot provide relevant information for
decision-making without :• Fundamental datasets • (as well as the) Interrelationships between these
datasets, • (the) Management of them, • (and the means of) Accessing and Distributing
those data
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Typical “Where” Questions in Africa…
In Africa, the major source for statistical data is the National Statistics Offices, which conduct regular censuses, economic and household surveys. Others data are collected and maintained by specialized technical agencies, such as geological services, environmental protection authorities, national mapping agencies, etc.
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Typical “Where” Questions in Africa..
Nexus issues in sustainable development and achieving millennium development goals require that all data sets be integrated. The nature of the issues further requires that they be presented in their spatial context
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Typical SpatialData Requirement
Lands : Agriculture and food securityLand cover, soil types, topography, hydrography, rainfall, demographics, infrastructure, Suitability maps, yield statistics, etc
HealthHospitals locations, settlements and demographics, disease vectors, environmental factors distribution, infrastructure, etc.
EducationSchools locations, demographics, infrastructure & utilities, etc.
HousingDemographics, infrastructure & utilities, topography, building materials, etc.
Water SupplyHydrography, aquifers & ground water, topography, etc.
Mining & MineralsLand cover, soil chemistry, topography, rock formations and physical properties, etc.
Infrastructure Development Demographics and settlements, socio-
economic establishments, topography, hydrography, soil types, etc
Where are...
d1
d2
d3
d4
d5d6
d7
../..
2000
d14
d15
d16
d17
d13
d18
Large volume of data-12.106 pixels *18 dekads-12.106 set.
How to Synthesize ?How to Analyse ?
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Typical technical requirement: Produce Once, Use Many Times
Geoinformation content requires special field and lab operations to define the location against which data are collected Operations: Surveying and mapping, photogrammetry,
remote sensing, geodesy, etc Location entities: reference frames, point coordinates, land
parcels and administrative units Different applications need to cross reference data with
one another They refer to the same database entities
No single agency can satisfy its geographic data needs on its own Data collected for one purpose or project can be used for
other purposes and projects
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Typical skill requirement
Academic Regional Bodies National Bodies
Awarded Degrees
University Cape
Town
Professionals CRASTE RECTAS RCMRD
CRTS SAC
Short training RECTAS RCMRD AGRHYMET
CRTS SAC
Hands-On training
ECA AGRHYMET RCMRD
CRTS CSE NMA
Where can we get experienced people…
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Typical answers to “Where” questions…
What we have... High
Duplication Potential
Low resources sharing
Lack of coordination
80% common content in spatial data used by three ministries in this avian flu scenario
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Challenges Imagine if various specialists could concentrate on …
Socio-economic planning Ground water management Health and sanitation issues Land management Whatever else you do
Without worrying about “Where” they are Imagine further that all the data you have are used
to their maximum potential Contribute to overall economic development Increase your visibility and prestige
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Justifying Geo-Spatial Data Infrastructures
It is possible … If potential sources of information are known to
everybody – clearinghouse and metadata management
And easily accessible And even more so if integrated into the structure
of society
Like an infrastructureTherefore, you have to participate in building the infrastructure
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What? Spatial Data Infrastructure
The basis for spatial data discovery, evaluation, and application for users and providers within all levels of government, the commercial sector, the non-profit sector, academia and by citizens in general.
Put in place policies, resources and structures to make available Geospatial information technologies easily accessible to decision makers and the community … When they need it Where they need it In a form they can use it (almost) immediately Help them make sense of it
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Building Fundamental Datasets
Data we can getData we can get
Raw Data Satellite Images Locations coordinates
Processed Data
Land Cover / Land Use Maps Production
Analysed Data
Dynamics and Seasonality Trends
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Building Fundamental Datasets
Where can we find Data?Where can we find Data?
Free Commercial
Global Data(Country Level)
NOAA (www.noaa.gov) MSG (www.eumetsat.int) Modis (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov) Meris (www.esa.int)
Regional Data (County Level)
Landsat SALB (www.salb.org)
SPOT-XS (www.spotimage.fr) ASAR (www.esa.int) Radarsat (www.csa.ca)
Local Data (City Level)
Locations (www.puco.de) SOPT-5 (www.spotimage.fr)Ikonos (www.speceimaging.com)QuickBird (www.digitalglobe.com)Orbview (www.orbimage.com)
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Building Fundamental Datasets
Tools to process DataTools to process DataCommercial FOSS (www.gnu.org)
RS Erdas Imagine (www.leica-geosystems.com) Kilimanjaro (www.idrisi.edu)e-Cognition (www.definiens-imaging.com) ER Mapper (www.ermapper.com)
ILWIS (www.itc.nl) BEST (http://envisat.esa.int/best)
GIS ESRI Suite (www.esri.com) MapInfo Awhere (www.mudsprings.com)
Arc Explorer Grass WindowMap
GPS Leica Suite (www.leica-geosystems.com) Trimble (www.trimble.com)Cartalinx (www.idrisi.edu)
G7TOWin (www.g7towin.com) WayPoint+ (www.tapr.com)
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Building Just in Time (JIT) Maps
In the digital environment, maps are produced as and when needed
just in time for the decision to be made
With most current data from databases that are continuously updated
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Building Capacity Human Resources …
Wide range of skill covered But… Extreme mobility of Geospatial technology
professionals
Photogrammetry 14% 130
Geodesy 10% 92
Cadastral 42% 388
GIS 21% 199
Remote Sensing 11% 104
Database 2% 21
Total 100% 934
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Geodesy
Cadastral
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Remote Sensing
Database
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Building Capacity Training and Workshops …
Critical mass of awareness of GIS. More people understand not only the power, but also the value of integrating
GIS data into the workflows of their organizations.
Short Training 55% 51
Workshops 38% 37
Degree 7% 14
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Building Coordination
Subsidiarity …Mutually accepted standards …Common base themes of dataInteroperability and StandardsUsing e-technology to help find and share dataData Access Policy
Getting there without getting lost
Your Role in developing SDIWhat can you do?
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Data access and Sharing To use data produced by another person/agency, potential
users need to know: That the data resource exists How the data was produced When it was produced or last updated Why it was produced How to access the data Any constraints, restrictions or special conditions for access and/or use
Only possible if every data producers describes every data product in a standard, field-based format This standard description is called metadata data about data Potential users consult metadata to determine suitability of
data for intended use, and access procedure
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Criterion CatMDEdit
IMEGeo
NetworkArcCatalog
GPTMetaD M3Cat Enraemed
Ionic RedSpider
Profile Creation ? ? ? ?
Schema Validation ? ? ? Language Support (EN, FR, AB, PR, ES) 4 4 3 1 1 ? Extensible 2Supported Standards
DC, ISO19115
ISO19115 ISO19115CSDGM,
ISO19115 ? ? ISO19115, CSDGM, DC
CSDGM, ISO19115
Entity/element extensibility ? ? ? ?
Cross-platform ? ? File-based or database-driven F F D F ? ? D ?
Standalone v. bundled ?
IIS required
FOSS v. $ Registration key ?
Thesauri, code lists, and defaults ? ? ?
Metadata tools
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“ “ Standardization was a process for recognizing and codifying the status quo of Standardization was a process for recognizing and codifying the status quo of technology. Standardization is now beginning to define the requirements and technology. Standardization is now beginning to define the requirements and implementation of new technology.”implementation of new technology.” ((Olaf Østensen, Chairman of ISO/TC 211)
1. Adoption / Adaptation
2. Development
3. Implementation 4. Deployment
Information
Technology
Standards
Spatial Data Standards
Spatial Data
Spatial Data
DefineDescribeProcess
DefineDescribeProcess
Software InterfacesIndustry : E.g. OGC
Spatial Data StandardData producers & users : E.g. ISO
All levels of Government IndustryProfessional organizations UN agencies
Interoperability and Standard
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GIS Standards Infrastructure
StandardsOrganization
Standards Scope
User / Industry Organizations
Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)
Government US Government agencies
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
National US Federal, state, county, city agencies, public, and industry
European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Regional Digital Geographic Information Working Group (DGIWG)
Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE)
Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific (PCGIAP)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)Open GIS Consortium (OGC)
International International Cartographic Assoc. (ICA)International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) , etc.
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Paradigm Shift We need to move….
From… Statistic as standalone data collection
To… Knowledge generation, sharing and utilisation
Organize data so that information (spatially- enabled) can be produced as and when needed Just in time data on demand
Empower users to do as much as possible by themselves
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Typical Way Forward : GeoVisualisations
Web-based mapping tools…. MDG Mapper http://geoinfo.un
eca.org/mdg/
TopographicTopographicImagesImages
PoliticalPolitical
PhysicalPhysicalReliefRelief
Geo-demographicsGeo-demographics
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Typical Way Forward : Positioning technologies
AFREF Project …. Common geodetic framework for Africa A unified geodetic reference frame for Africa to be the fundamental basis
for the national and regional three-dimensional reference networks fully consistent and homogeneous with International Reference Frame
A network of Continuous Operation GNSS Reference Stations (CORS) spread all over Africa
You have to build your data based on this National geodetic networks…
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Typical Vision … Your vision must be
Knowledge generation, sharing and dissemination Ensure that statistic spatially-
enabled data permeates every aspect of society and that they are available to people who need them, when they need them, and in a form that they can use to make decisions with minimal pre-processing
Ensure that generated information is put to the maximum possible uses by publicising their existence and making them easily available to the widest possible audience
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Contacting Us
ICT, Science & Technology for Development Division Aida Opoku-Mensah, Officer in charge aopoku-mensah@uneca.org
Geoinformation Systems Section (GiSS) Dozie Ezigbalike, Chief of section ezigbalike.uneca@un.org Andre Nonguierma, GIS Officer ANonguierma@uneca.org Paul Belanger, GIS Officer PBelanger@uneca.org
http://geoinfo.uneca.org/sdiafrica/