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~ ; ,
__
. j
1.
YES
NO
The
student
is
looking
for
a job
/
that begins immediately.
The student will work in
the
/
bakeshop.
The student hopes
to begin
/
working as soon as possible.
Summary:
A
student
wants
to
sign up for
an on-
campus job, so
she visits the student
employment
office. The employee
tells
her about
the
bidng process.
First, she
must
go through an official interview.
Then she must
go
to an
orientation session.
Last,
there
is
a
training period
that
occurs
after
she
begins
work.
5 Environmental
Science
How Mountains Grow
Cause Effect
Subductio_n f one continental plate
slides under another Mountains
get
Global w a r ~ j n g glaciers melt, relieve taller
over
time
pressure
1.
The Andes are
so
tall because
of earthquakes.
Mounlains can be formed by
plate collisions. ·
The
process of global
warming
is affecting the height of
some
mountains.
YES
NO
/
/
/
Summary: The professor talks about why some
mountain
ranges are
taller than others.
He
says that
this is
sometimes
caused
by Q .alSl
collisions. This
happens when
two
of the
Earth s plates
come
together. The professor also
discusses
gjQQfil
warming as
a
cause. Glaciers push down on the
Earth.
But when
they
melt,
the Earth smings back
lJll.
and mountains
grow taller.
06 History
Confucianism
Topic
Effect
Shaped ideals
of
family and
Confucianism in
northeast
social organization
Asian countries
Can
lead
to liarmony
in
workplace
1. C)
.
2. (B) 3. A)
Summary:
The professor
discusses
the
effects of
Confucianism on
northeastern
Asia.
In
particular,
the professor mentions how Confucianism affected
the culture
of
J ai;IBn First
of all, its
influence can be
seen in
how
people
rel
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08 Service Encounter
Questions Answers
How much student activity 560 per semester
fee is
What student
activity
fee University events like Spring
is used
for
Weekend
Student services
YES
NO
The
student wants
to
find
out
how much the fee
is
and what it
/
is
used
for.
The
student
activity fee doesn't
/
include
campus events
The student activity fee
is
used
/
mostly
for
campus services.
Summary: The
student
asks about the student
activity fee.
He wants to know how much
it
is and
Summary: The professor explains the
weather
patterns on the
surface of J.. JQilfil.
She describes
its
unique
colors, which
are
caused by
the rotational
. of the planet along with the process of
convection. These two things together
cause
bands
of
colored
gases
to wrap around the planet.
The professor also discusses the
Great
Red Spot,
which is a hurricane maintained by the planet's
fast
rotational speed.
10 Biology
Alleles
Definition
Role
Types
Sequences of
Determine the Dominant - only
genes on
a appearance of
need one allele for
specific
specific
tr8 its trait to
appear
chromosome
Recessive
need
two
identical alleles
for
trait
ta appear
what
it .is
used
for.
He
is told that it
helps pay
for
1.
,
both university
events, which
are arranged by student
organizations, and is also used for
various
services.
A few
services mentioned
by
the
woman
are
the
weekly newspaper,
computer and library
facilities,
and free on-campus
transportation.
09
Astronomy
.
Weather
Patterns on Jupiter
I
- - -
Classification
·
Bands of color
Great Re.d Spot
1 - - - ~ - - - - - + - A _ t m o s e
Similar
in n_ature
to a hurricane
1
Caused by
I
convection
i
Dark
and light
ired
color
Description
j Convection
creates
color
f
ands, rotational speed
wraps them around planet
300-year-old
hurricane
1
aused by rotational speed
and
lack of
land
heric Bands Great Red Spot
/
/
/
- ·
76 nswer
Key
1
YES
NO
Alleles
determine the
appearance
/
of
a
character
trait.
Alleles are made up of
/
chromosomes.
There are four different types
of
/
alleles.
·
Summary: The
professor
discusses alleles, which
are a pair of that are
located
on a specific
chromosome.
The professor talks
about their
role,
which
is to determine specific
traits.
The professor
then
discusses
how this occurs by defining
dominant
and recessive alleles.
1 Environmental Science
r · Types
of
Seas ]
[ 0 ~ n e ~ n
_
IMarg._in_a_I______
Water circulates as a result otfwater circulates as a result of
j changes
i n
water temperature Iocean currents i
1
and density
J
__J
l
li-mitS d-··--1--Curren.
ts ]
art
of o ~ e n
-Currents l
exchange caused by with some caused by
f ater
with t e ~ p ~ r a t u r e land around
. ocean winds
ns variation
_ ___
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:
f
1. (B)
2. (B)
3. (D)
Summary: The professor discusses the different
types of
seas.
The first type is called amedjterranean
sea.
The
water in this
type
of sea
circulates through
changes
in
temperature
and water
density.
The
second type is called a marginal sea,
which
is
nearly
enclosed y ~ or some other kind of land. The
waters
within this
kind of
sea are
circulated
by
currents
caused
by wind.
02 Biology
Respiration Underwater
vs.
Respiration
on
Land
Underwater
Both Land
• Requires gills to
take oxygen from
water
1. (B)
u
• Exchange of
carbon dioxide
and oxygen
2.
(B)
• Requires organs
such
as lungs
3. (A)
~ u m m a r y :
The professor
discusses
two types
of
respiration: underwater
and
on
land. He
explains
·:ttle need for different
respiration
QLQfilIB for animals
that
live
underwater. Gills
are
adapted
to
extract
oxygen
from
water. For animals that
live
on land,
there
are
different ways
of
breathing. Some animals
can
breathe
just
by
having their cells exposed to
the air. Some animals require special organs to
breathe,
lil1e
.u.ng§,,
3
Office
Hours
r Problem ---1-·- = ~ = =
Student
is
always late
to
Switch
to
another
discussion section discussion
ser::tion
at a
I
better
time
·
~ · ~ ~ J ::__
· · · · ·
1.
(A)
2. (C)
3. (B)
Summary: The conversation
takes
place between
a professor and a studeot She
·1s approaching
the
professor
to
change
the time of her
discussion section.
The
professor asks her why, and she explains
that
it is a problem with her schedule caused
by
another
professor. She has troub1e gettLog to her
group
on
time.
The
professor
agrees.
to
change her
to
a
different
group.
•
04 Service
Encounter
Problem
Solution
Student
was accidentally Housing Coordinator
helps
assigned
to room in hlm change
rooms
all-girl s dormitory
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)
Summary: The conversation takes place between
a housing employee and a student. The
student
has
accidentally
been
assigned
to
a
dorm
that
houses
only
girls, and
he needs to change dorms.
He says the room is very nice, but
he
obviously
cannot
stay
there. The
employee provides
him with
a form that will
allow
him
to
move to a different
dorm.
She also
tells him
that he can
leave part
of
the
form
blank.
OS Business
The Bricks
and
Clicks Business
Model
· Definition Aspects
Has
established supply
and
B u s i n e ~ s
model
that useS distribution networks
both online and
offline
components
Has
stability,
which helps
attract customers
1. (B)
2.
(D) 3. (A)
Summary: The discussion is
about
the
bricks
and
Clicks business
model.
It is a model that includes
both
offline and
QIJ ioo elements. The professor
explains a couple of advantages
for this
business
model. First, he says that it allows
businesses
more
freedom
in
how they operate. He also says the system
is stable because
established businesses already
have
fil1Qll. ) and distribution chains set
up.
06 Anatomy
The lntegumentary System
· ·
Definition I Functions
"
)Protects
internal organs
; Body covering such
as
skin, Helps regulate o ~ d y
I
hair and
nails
j f t e m ~ e r a ~ _ r e ~ ·
_ _,
Provides sense
of touch
Answer
Key
761
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1.
(A) 2
(A)
3. (C)
Summary:
The
professor discusses the integumentary
system, which
comprises
the
body s
external
coverings,
such
as
skin, hair, and nails.
First, the
integumentary
system
provides protection for
our
internal
organs.
Second, it
helps
us to regulate
our
body temperature. Last, it acts as a
receptor
for
pain and temperature
changes.
07 Office Hours
Problem Solution
Student wants
to
expand
a
Professor agrees, as long as
previous paper
rather
than
student follows the same
write new one
rules
as everyone else
1.
(B)
2 (A)
3. (D)
Summary:
A
student
approaches her professor to
discuss the paper topics he assigned.
The
student
wants
to expand on aprevious paper that she wrote
rather than choose from the new topics the professor
presented.
The
professor to let her do this
because the
student
plans to submit the paper
to
the
department s
magazine.
08
Service
Encounter
r ~ ~ · . . . . ~ > C · 0 0 ~ · - '
octor s visits •
X-rays
•Lab tests
Dental work
· ~
1.
(A)
2.
(D)
3.
(A)
Summary:
The
conversation
takes place
between
a student
and
an employee
at
health
services.
The
student approaches the
employee with
questions
about the university insurance plan. The employee
explains
the cost
as
well
as some of the services
that
are covered and
not
covered in the
plan. The
student also finds
out that dental
insurance is not
covered by the
universiiy
plan
at all.
762 Answer
Key
09
History
The Success of the Purepecha
Point
Example
Had
better
ways of defending
Knew how
to
work
metal to
themselves than other tribes
create weapons and armor
Had well-organized military
Outnumbered and defealed
Aztec
army
n
numerous
battles
1. (B)
2
(A)
3.
(B)
Summary:
The
Purepecha
are a tribe living
today
in
Central America.
The
professor presents
two
theories about why the Purepecha peoples were
able to effectively f i l Aztec and Spanish forces.
First, she argues
that
the
advanced Purepecha
knowledge of working metal helped them produce
weapons
and armor.
She also proposes that the
Purepecha army was relatively 1filg_e and
well
organized.
10 Ecology
Parasitism
vs.
Mutualism
Parasitism
Both
Mulualism
• One species • Two species
• Both
species
benefits,
other s coexist
benefit
harmed
1. (C)
2.
(A) 3. (B)
Summary:
The discussion begins with a
definition
and
example
of
parasitism and ends with
adefinition
and
example
of
mutualism. In the first type
of
relationship, one
animal
ljves off of another animal,
and by doing so, harms the other animal. By
contrast,
in
the second
relationship, two
species are able
to
help
each other
by
either providing protection or
nutrition.
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.
1 :
I Vocabulary Review 3 I
1.
(0)
4.
A)
7. C)
9.
B)
12 A)
15. B)
16. comprises
19:
enrich
21.
B)
24.
E)
I Mini Test 3 I
2. D) 3.
B)
5.
(0)
6.
C)
8.
A)
10. B) 11. C)
13. C)
14.
A)
17. complaint 18. feasible
20. deduce
22. A)
25.
(C)
23. (0)
,
01
Computer
Science
1
i
I
I
r
1. C)
4. .
>§
2.
B)
3.
B)
Local
area network
Wide area network
Private organization
Home
office
Internet
service
provider
Small
office
Dormitory
5. B)
02 Literature
6. A)
9.
7. A)
r
r
r
8. (0)
I · ·
I
YES
The names of some characters in
The
./
andman refer to lhe eyes.
NO
1 f {
The
main
character,
Nathanial,
became blind
as a young boy.
r
One of the
story s hemes
is o b s ~ ; ; ; ~ - . 7 ~ -
Thc Sandman tr;di.tionally h a ~ ; ; ~ ; y d i ~ r e n t 1- .-r-
,
meaning
from
that n l ~ . _ : : ~ t o r y ~ - - - - - - · · - - · t - · · + - J
The professor discusses vision and op1ical : i
./
J
illusions.
;
~ · · · · · ·
10. C)
03
S
0
ervice
Encounter
11.
(0)
13.
12.
B)
Receive course approval from the head
of
the
deparlment
Submit the credit request
form
by the
deadline
Contact her
professors
about the courses she
plans
to take
Send
her
professors copies of
her
final
exam
14. A) 15. B)
Practice Test
01 History
1. C)
2.
(0)
3.
B)
4
A) 5. B)
6. B)
02 Chemistry
7. A) 8. (0) 9. B)
10. B) 11. B)
12.
.
A
stable
cluster
in solution forms
the
nucleus
of the crystal.
--
A
supersaturated solution eliminates
growth potential.
A
crystal structure
is formed by
connected atoms.
-
-----.
The solution becomes supersaturated and
the
crystal
stops growing.
03 Service
Encounter
13. B)
16.
C)
14. 0)
17.
A)
---
15.
B)
YES NO
r
r
r
r
YES.
NO
f
r
r
r
r
Answer Key
76
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4
Psychology
18.
A)
19.
B)
21.
C)
22.
A)
S Physics
24. A)
25.
B)
27.
A)
28.
C)
29.
Fixed
base
pulley
Has an axis
that
is
not
stationary
Has the most
potential
for
mechanical
advantage
The
most basic
/
kind of pulley
6 Office Hours
30.
C)
33. 8)
764
Answer
ey
31.
A)
34.
A}
20. B}
23.
A)
;:. :
i
26.
B)
Movable base
Compound
pulley pulley
/
/
32. A)
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m;
•
.
u£
f
Part
I
.
r
l
;.
.
r
I
,
.
Chapter·1
Q1
Practice
1
• tep
1
Related Ideas and Expressions:
conscientious
passion commitment devotion
brilliant trained experienced
inspire
excite
benevolent unselfish helpful nice
Q1
Practice
2
• tep
1
Related Ideas and Expressions:
approve of think
a
lot
of
regard highly value
heroic
bold valiant
support help
out
provide
assistance
income
money
payment wage
Q1
Practice
3
• tep
1
Related Ideas and Expressions:
calm content
happy
at peace
answer
trouble
dilemma challenge
skill talent data
comparable almost the same
close to
Q2
Practice 1
• tep
·
Related Ideas and Expressions:
cash wealth riches charge pay
agonize
over
be stressed about
be
upset about
commit to
consider
contemplate
instruction academic tutor
2
Practice 2
~ t e p 1
Related Ideas and Expressions:
open
air count1yside landscape
walking
rock climbing
skiing swimming
stuffed
up
wate1y eyes
medicine
healthy feeling
good
Q2 Practice 3
• tep 1
Related Ideas and Expressions:
chat conversation argument
intriguing attention-grabbing
prepared
in
order
structured
key major
essential
fundamental
Q3 Practice 1
• tep 1
Suggested Keywords/Key Phrases:
basketball tickets
reduced
price profit improve
facilities
poor condition
Sample Restatement:
The university
is
not going
to
offer basketball tickets at
a
reduced price anymore. This is because it has
not
made a
profit
recently.
The facilities also
need
to
be
improved because they are
in poor condition.
~ t e p 2
Suggested Keywords/Key Phrases:
raising
ticket
prices full ticket price arena outdated
leaks
Sample Restatement:
The
man
thinks
that
raising ticl\et prices
is good.
He
says
that most
people
do not
pay
the
full ticket
price
since
most
people at the games are
students. He
also
says
that
arena
is very outdated.
He says he
has
heard
that
the
roof
leaks.
~ t e p 3
Opinion:
The man thinks it
is
good
that
the university will no
longer
sell
reduced-price tickets to students.
Reason 1:
The
university is not
making
money.
Detail:
Most of
the
people
at basketball games
are students.
Reason 2:
The
university
needs money
to
improve the
facilities.
Detail:
The
university
is old ugly and
the
roof leaks.
nswer Key 76
- . :
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i t f ( ~
Q3
Practice
2
• tep 1
Suggested Keywords/Key Phrases:
canceled, Music Theory, additional section,
unable
to
find a professor,
not
enough
space
Sample Restatement:
The
university says that it has
canceled
a
section
of
music theory. It
was
supposed to be
an
additional
section.
The
announcement
says
it
is
because they
were
unable
to
find a professor. Also,
there
was
not
enough
space
in the music
building.
• tep
Suggested Keywords/Key Phrases:
hire.
another professor, growing,
another
building, do
not need instruments,
head
of the music department
Sample Restatement:
The
man says he does not agree with
the
announcement.
He says the university should hire
another professor since the music program has
been
growing lately. He also
says that
they
could h ve
the
class
in another building since
you do
not
need
instruments for
the class. The speakers decide
to talk
to the
head
of the music department.
~ t e p 3
Opinion:
The
university
should
not
cancel
the
music theory
class.
Reason 1:
The university should hire more professors
to attract
students.
Detail:
The music department
has been
growing
quickly.
Reason
2:
Another building
can
be
used
to hold the class.
Detail:
The
class
can
be held in any building because
it
does
not require
instruments.
.:3 Practice
3
~ t e p
1
~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ i y ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the offerings,
growing student
base
7
nswer Key
Sample Restatement:
The
announcement says that a new class is going to
be
offered
in
the
English
department.
This
is
supposed
to meet the
needs
of working students who need to
take classes n
the
evening. Also, the
university wants
to expand its literature class offerings to meet the
needs of
the
growing
student
base.
• tep
Suggested KeYwords/Key Phrases:
night
classes,
working
students,
packed, majors,
survey class
Sample Restatement:
The woman is
happy
with the
announcement.
She
says
the
university needs more
night classes
for
students
who work during the day.
When
she had
a
night class,
it
was
packed. Also,
she is
glad
the
university is offering
a
class
that
is
not
just
for
majors.
Many
of
these classes
are too
advanced, and a
survey class s better for her needs.
• tep 3
Opinion:
The woman thinks
it
is
a
good idea for the
university
to expand the English
department s offerings.
Reason 1:
More working students are coming to the university.
Detail:
The
woman s
night class was
packed
with
working
students.
Reason2:
The university needs to offer more
basic
literature
classes.
Detail:
The woman
struggled
to find aclass that was
not too
advanced.
Q4 Practice 1
~ t e p 1
Suggested Keywords/Key Phrases:
price, appearance, luxury, necessity, decoration
Sample Restatement:
Consumers
classify
products
by
price and appearance.
Expensive products
are often
luxuries, while inexpensive
products sometimes become necessities. Also, a more
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-
,:·.·,
;
·
attractive product is
more likely
to
be classified as
decoration.
~ t e p
2
Suggested Keywords/Key
Phrases:
television luxury . lower
price
more appealing
decoration
Sample Restatement:
The television
shows
how
consumers
classify
products
by price and appearance. The television was first
considered a uxury because it was so
expensive.
But
the lower
price made it more of a
necessity. Also the
first
1Vs
were very big
and
ugly.
But now
that
they
are
more
appealing more
people use them for
decoration.
~ t e p
3
Classify products by
price
and
appearance
Example: television
First
way: price: luxury
or necessity
Example:.
television wis first an
expensive
luxury then
became
an
inexpensjve
necessity
Second
way:
appearance: better appearance allows for decoration
Example:
television was plain and ugly at first
now
they are
attractive
and
hung
like
paintings
Q4 Practice 2
~ t e p 1
Suggested Keywords/Key Phrases:
memory echo
limited duration exact
copy
accurate
reproduction
Sample
Restatement:
Echoic
memory
is a type
of
memory. With it you hear
an echo of sound for a few seconds.
It has
a
limited
duration.
But
it makes an
exact copy of
what you
hear so
it
is
a very accurate reproduction
of what
was
heard.
~ t e p 2
Suggested Keywords/Key Phrases:
telephone
number
forget lasts
a
few seconds
perfect accuracy hearing echo
Sample
Restatement:
When you hear a phone number for the
first
time you
remember it in echoic memory.
Because
echoic
memory
is
brief you will
forget the number quickly.
That is because
echoic memory
only
lasts a
ew seconds.
Also
because
echoic
memory
is accurate you
can .
remember the number for a few
seconds
with perfect
accuracy. That
is
because you can hear an echo of
the number in your memory.
~ t e p
3
Echoic memory is when information you just heard
stays
in your mind for a
few
seconds.
Example:
hearing
a
new telephone number
First feature: very short
Example:
you will
forget
the
number
after a few seconds
Second feature: accurate
Example:
you can dial it
accurately
if you
do
so immediately
Q4 Practice 3
~ t e p
1
Suggested Keywords/Key
Phrases:
unconscious competence
without thinking
second
nature doing
other
things
automatic
Sample
Restatement:
Unconscious
competence is when you can
do
something naturally. One feature
is
that you can
do
it
without thinking
about
it; it becomes second nature.
In
addition you
can
do
it while
doing other things.
That
is
because
it
becomes
automatic.
~ t e p
Suggested Keywords/Key
Phrases:
learning
new instrL1ment
play
without
thinking
looking at your fingers
do
other things simultaneously
sing
while playing
Sample
Restatement:
The
process of learning anew instrument demonstrates
unconscious competence. \ I V ~ e n you learn the guitar it
s hard at
first.
but aitsr 8 wl1ile you can play without
thinking.
You
can
swn
plEy
w 1 t i ~ c u t
locking
at
your lingers.
In
addition
you can do
other things simultaneously.
For example you can
sing while
playing.
nswer
ey
7 7
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~ t e p 3
Unconscious
competence
is doing something
automatically
Example:
learning to play
guitar
Feature : can
do
t without having to concentrate
Example:
do
not
have
to watch
fingers any
more
Feature
2: can
do
other things
Example: singing and playing at the same time
QS Practice
~ t e p
Problem:
The literary magazine
is
running out of money
Solution : Look for
more
advertisers
Solution
2: Let some it
the
writers go
~ t e p 2
Opinion
Problem:
The literary magazine
is
running
out of
money
Best
Solution:
She
should look
for more
advertisers
Reason
:
It is
the fastest
way to
find more money
Reason
2:
There
is
no
guarantee that letting writers go will
help
Opinion
Problem:
The litera1y magazine is running
out of money
Best Solution:
She should
let some
of ih writers
go
Reason :
It
is
the easiest
way
to cut costs
Reason 2:
They
might not
be able to find more
advertisers
768 Answer Key
QS Practice 2
~ t e p
Problem:
The man does
not know
how
to get
teaching experience
Solution :
Ask
a
professor
to sponsor an
independent
project
Solution
2:
Become a teaching
assistant
in
grad
school
~ t e p 2
Opinion
Problem:
The man
does
not
know
how
to get teaching
experience
Best
Solution:
Ask a professor to sponsor
an
independent project
Reason
:
He will get experience right away
Reason
2:
It will give him
a chance to
change his mind
Opinion
Problem:
The man
does
not
know
how to
get
teaching experience
Best
Solution:
Become a teaching assistant in
grad
school
Reason :
He
is too
busy to
do a project now
Reason 2:
He
will
get better experience in grad school
QS
Practice
3
~ t e p
Problem:
The man
wants
to
attend
aconference
but
is scheduled
to go to
a
team debate
Solution :
Go
to
the
team
debate and forget
the
conference
Solution
2:
Go to
the
conference and disappoint his team
--- :;.:.,
·-' -'
_
.. _.
i.
I
i
I
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Step
2
Opinion
Problem:
The man wants to attend aconference but is scheduled
to go to a
team
debate.
Best
Solution:
Go to the
team
debate and forget the conference
Reason :
His
team
is
counting
on him.
Reason
:
He
can
go to other
conferences
when he is available.
Opinion 2
Problem:
The man wants to attend aconference
but
is scheduled
to go to a team
debate.
Best Solution: Go to the conference
Reason : He could learn a lot at
the
conference.
e a ~ p n
: His team members will understand.
Q6 Practice
Step
Topic:
How
ancient stories are told
Thesis:
Because
stories were
not written
down,
they
were
affected
in two ways.
Key
point
:
Stories often
changed when they were
told
aloud.
Key point
:
Stories did not have only one author.
Q6
Practice 2
~ S t e p
Topic: Animation
Thesis:
There are
two
differences between traditional
animation
and
computer animation.
Key point
:
They
differ in how
long
it
takes
to
do them.
Key
point 2: They
differ in reputation.
Q6 Practice 3
Step
Topic:
Brand
names
Thesis:
Apopular
brand
name can
help
a
product in two
ways.
Key
point :
A popular brand
name can
make a product
more
appealing.
Keypoint2:
A popular
brand name
helps people remember a
product.
IVocabulary
Review
I
1. C)
2.
A) 3. 0)
4.
A) 5. C) 6. B)
7. C)
8. B)
9. A)
10. 0)
11.
A)
12. C) 13. C)
14. A)
15.
0)
16.
draw
17. animation
18. eager
19.
brand
20.
significant
21.
responsibility
22.
upcoming
23.
independent
24.
reproduction
25. expand
IVocabulary
Review
2 I
1. 0) 2. B)
3
A)
4. 0)
5. C) 6. C)
7.
A) 8. B)
9.
B)
10.
A)
11. 0)
12.
A) 13. C)
14. A)
15. C)
16. experience 17. latter 18. firefighter
19. competence
20. Conversely
21. 0)
24. A)
22.
B)
25.
C)
23. E)
Answer Key 769
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Part 2
Q Practice
•Step
Transition words and
phrases:
This
is
because, once, also, because, however,
someday, since that day
Sentence
order: F) A) E) 8)
D)
C)
•Step
1 The speaker wants to
learn
how to sail
a
boat.
2. The speaker went
sailing
on
a boat with her
grandfather.
3.
The speaker wants
to sail
around the
world
someday.
Q1 Practice 2
~ t e p
Transition
words
and phrases:
so,
recently, someday, though, for one,
because,
also
Sentence order: C)
E)
8) F) D)
A)
~ t e p
1. The speaker wants to take a
photography
class.
2. The speaker
received a
camera for
his birthday.
3. The speaker
takes
pictures of nature and animals.
Q1
Practice
3
~ t e p
Possible
transition words phrases:
because,
also, first, and, in addition, consequently
Cl 1
Practice 4
~ t e p
Possible
transition words phrases:
moreover, because, also, in the
first
place, later, while
770
Answer
ey
Q2 Practice
•Step
Transition words
and
phrases:
if However, and, Secondly, For one thing
Sentence
order: A) F) 8) E) D) C)
•Step 2
1
The speaker thinks
it
is good to give unannounced
tests.
2.
The
speaker says that he
is encouraged to study
the material
thoroughly
because of unannounced
tests.
3.
The
speaker says
that
unannounced tests
give
him a chance to improve
his grade.
Q2 Practice 2
•Step
Transition words and phrases:
That way,
and,
First of all, However,
Also
Sentence order:
E) B) F) C)
D) A)
•Step
2
1. The
speaker
would
prefer
to go to university
immediately.
2.
The
speaker says that
they
lose
motivation when
they
do
not go
to
university right away.
3.
The speaker suggests that you will enter
into
your career
more quickly
if
you
go immediately
to
university.
Q2
Practice 3
~ t e p
Possible transition
words phrases:
first
of
all, second
of all,
for
example, basically,
in
addition,
besides
that
Q2
Practice 4
~ t e p
Possible transition
words phrases:
because, but,
therefore, undoubtedly, hence,
furthermore
k
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j_-
.
Q3 Practice
~ t e p 1
Opinion:
The television should
not be
removed from the
student
union building.
Reason 1:
That area should not be used for studying.
Reason
2:
Many people do not want to go back to the
dorms
to
watch 1V.
Q3
Practice
2
~ t e p
1
·opinion:
He does not
agree
with the
decision
to close the
dorms in
the
summer.
Reason 1:
·w
The univers1fy should have searched
for supervisors.
. Reason 2:
The universify did not advertise
that
the dorms were
open.
Q4
Practice
1
~ t e p 1
Main topic:
Reward systems encourage good behavior in children.
Key
point
1:
Reward
systems provide a positive
outcome
for
both
parents and child.
Key point2:
Reward systems
encourage
children
to continue to
behave well.
Q4 Practice 2
~ t e p 1
Main
topic:
Teaching by
demonstration s the
best way to
teach
how to use a computer.
l
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Q6 Practice
~ t e p
Main
topic:
There are
two
types of camouflage
that help
animals
hide from predators.
Key
point
:
Animals camouflage themselves
by changing to look
like
the
environment.
Example:
The Arctic fox s coat changes to white to match the
snow
in
winter.
Key point :
Animals disguise themselves
to
look like other things. ·
Example:
The walking stick looks
like
an ordinary twig.
~ t e p 2
1
Animals camouflage themselves in order
to hide
from predators.
2.
The
Arctic fox s fur turns white so it can blend in
with the environment.
3. The
walking
stick is able to
hide from
predators
because
it
looks
like
a
twig.
Q6 Practice 2
~ t e p
Main
topic: There are
two
kinds of role
conflicts.
Key point
:
Role
conflict can happen when a person takes
on
two
incompatible
roles.
Example:
A
father might
have
to act
as
both
a
father
and
a
coach.
Key point
2:
Role
conflicts can
happen when
someone
has
to take
on a
new role suddenly.
Example:
A
doctor
might
have
a
conftict if
he suddenly becomes
a
patient.
>Step 2
1
Role
conflicts
can
occur
either when someone
has
two incompatible
roles
or when
someone
is
suddenly given
a new
role.
77
Answer Key
2. A
role
conflict
happens
because the father wants
to
be
a
dad
to
the child
but
he also
has to act
as
a
coach.
3. A
doctor can experience
a
role
conflict
when he
becomes
a
patient. He wants to still be
a
doctor,
but he cannot
because
his
role has been reversed.
I
Vocabulary
Review 3 I
1. (C) 2. (D)
4. (B)
5. A)
7. D) 8. (B)
10.
(B)
11. (C)
13.
(D)
14.
(B)
16. (C)
17. A)
19.
(D)
20.
(C)
.22.
(B)
23. (B)
25.
(C) 26. A)
28. (D) 29. A)
31. utilize .32. refrain
34.
suffer
35.
frequently
37.
excessive
38. lonely
39. keep them from
40. companions
3.
A)
6. (B)
9 (C)
12. A)
15.
(B)
18. A)
21.
A)
24. D)
27. (B)
30. (B)
33.
distracting
36. social
41
.
alternative
43. witness
42.
demonstrate
46.
(0)
49.
(0)
44.
demanding
45. surprising
47.
S)
50. S)
48.
(S)
IVocabulary
Review
4 I
1.
(C)
2.
A)
3.
(B)
4.
A)
5. (D)
6.
A)
7. (B)
8.
(C)
9. (D)
10. A) 11.
(B)
12. (C)
13.
D)
14. A)
15. (B)
16. (D) 17. A)
18.
A)
19.
(C) - 20. (C)
21.
(D)
22.
(B) 23. (C)
24.
A)
25. D)
26.
(B)
27. B).
28. D) 29. A)
30. C)
31.
adaptations
32.
disguise 33. technique
34. literally 35.
altering 36.
blend
in
37.
wildlife
38.
drastically
39. feature
40.
outcome
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41
reward
44
excessive
46
(C)
49.
(B)
42
diagnosis
43
complaint
45 hectic
47.
(A)
50. (D)
48 (E)
[
t
art 3
I
\
.
i
·
I.
I
I
I
Stress related
to
parts of
words
~ t e p 1
1
a.
method
2
a.
economy
3.
a.
academy
4. a. luxury
5
a.
drama
6 < ~ recommend
7
i i.
capable
8 a. prefer
9 a. photograph
10. a. negotiate
~ t e p 2
b. methodology
b.
economic
b. academic
b.
luxurious
b.
dramatic
b.
recommendation
b. capability
b.
preference
b.
photography
b.
negotiation
1
Do
you
have
a campus parking permit for your
bike?
2
I
hope
my professor can advise me
on
which
course
to take.
3. She has to present her project to the class
tomorrow.
4 My friends and
I
are going to
the
protest
downtown
this afternoon.
5
Did you hear that Jane and her band will record
an album
this summer?
6 Unfortunately, my parents
will not
permit me
to
go skiing this
weekend.
7 The police have arrested a suspect in the
campus
computer lab robbery.
8
In biology, we are
studying how
plants convert
sunlight into energy.
Stress on phrasal ferbs
>Step 1
·
1.
The researchers found it out very recently.
2. The
robber
held
up the convenience
store.
3 Let s go check out the
new
restaurant in the
student
union.
4 Can you help me? I
am
searching for a journal ·
on
anthropology.
5 Do
not point at her. That is
rude.
6. People often say that I
take
after my
father.
Sentence stress related to content words
~ t e p
Suggested content words in bold:
1 People classify products based on price and
appearance.
2
The university
should advertise
that
the dorms
are open
in the
summer.
3 Echoic memory lasts for
only
a few seconds.
4 The
magazine might
have
to shut down,
5
Giving rewards will teach children to
behave
well.
6 I was very proud of my brother when he was
accepted into medical school.
7 I feel comfortable talking to my sister about my
problems.
8 Students
should
work
for
a
year
before going to
university.
~ t e p 2
Sample clear words
in
bold:
One person
that
I really admire
is
my father. For
one, he has
worked very
hard in his life. He was very
poor as achild and did not
get
agood education, but
he worked very hard to educate himself and get a
good
job. Second, he is a very nice person. He is
always giving
money
and assistance
to
other people.
Just last weekend, he helped a coworker remodel
his house.
Reduction d
unstressed words
~ t e p 1
Sample weakened
and
reduced words
in
bold:
1 The people who
moved
out
to other cities
were
safe, but those who were
io
th.e city
were
in
danger.
nswer
Key
77 - -
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2. He is the one in my family who
understands
ill¥
dream.
3
The
students cannot
access
this
section
but
the
t e a c h e r s ~
4 The
government asked him
to stop
campaigning
a g a i n s t ~ policy.
5 J:b.m(
wanted
to
create something new
and
innovative.
6 For homework, you all should have read a bit
about wind power.
7 I know I
look
young, but I
am
a student
at
this
university.
8
Mathematics
is an important aspect
of
university
studies.
~ S t e p
2
Sample
clear words in bold:
The
man supports the decision by the university to
offer literature classes
at
night.
For one,
he thinks it
is good
because
it
allows people
who work to take
more classes. He says that there are many working
students who
take classes
at night. He also thinks
it
is
good because it
will
allow the university to offer
more types
of literature
classes. The
speaker
says
he
wanted to take
abasic
literature
class, and
now
he can.
Intonation
~ S t e p
I
had
lost an important assignment due to computer
llli blems.
2. That gave me
the
opportunity to learn about a
new Q , \ture.
3. I
never
went on a trip with those friends
again.
4.
Universities
need
money
for comruiter
labs.
5.
Many
people
think
that teaching by
exrunple is
best.
6. They look more interesting and
have
more
·character.
7. A reward system is agood way
to
teach children
to
behave
well.
~ S t e p
1.
That will tell us
the date
at which
the
house was
built.
2.
Mom
and Dad
want
me
to attend.
3.
They can
cause all kinds of trouble.
4.
I
am
sure I will land a good
iob
after graduation.
774 Answer
Key
5 n
the
past, the television was a
luxury.
6
n addition, they are beneficial to mankind.
· ~ s t e p 1
1
Although
we had
not
finished we
decided to go
home.
2
When
she stepped off
the
boat she i m m e d i t e ~
ran to her car.
3
It
was raining so
hard
all
day
that
they did not
leave the house.
4
If
the
alarm
rings
put down your books and
slowly leave the
building.
5 The final
test
will be two hours long and will
count
for
twenty-five
percent of
your final
grade.
~ S t e p
2
1 In
my
opinion,
students
should
not
have to pay
to go to university.
2
To begin, echoic
memory
is
v ry
short,
lasting
only three
to
four seconds.
3. Charities, both local and international, rely
on the
generosity of individuals to help the
less
fortunate.
4.
In summary, then, I think that teachers
should
give
unannounced tests in
class.
5.
While
a strong
brand
narne
can make
a
product
more appealing, it can also help customers
remember a
company
or
product.
6. Many people, however, feel that animation
done
by hand
is more
artistic
than
computer
animation.
7.
t took
five years, but
he finally
achieved his goal.
8.
lri the case of many oral traditions, ii is impossible
to
identify the stories authors.
Question
Sample
Response
Mr. Daniels was
the most memorable teacher I have
v r
had. First, I remember
him
because he
was
very
strict. You could not
mess
around in his English class.
He
did not tolerate
lazy
students, either. Second,
he
is
memorable
because
he
loved to teach. He was
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always excited
about
the stories and poems
that
he
presented to us. He made
everything
more interesting
that way.
Question
Sample
Response
1
I
think
that it is better to do research
on
the Internet
than
use
books.
One
reason is that the Internet is
faster. If Iwant to
find
information, I can
do
so quickly
using the Internet. It
takes
much longer to find that
sarne
information in a book. Second,
the
Internet is
more up-to-date.
Many
books in
the library are
old.
.
People update the
Internet everyday,
so the information
is fresh and
new.
Sample Response
2
I think
it is
better
to use the books
for
research
than
to use
the
Internet. For one, I think
books
are more
accurate than the Internet. There are
many
people
that post
false
information
on
the
Internet.
But people
check
facts that
are in books.
Second, I think it
is
eailier
to find what you are looking for in
books. That
is
because it is
easy to find a
book
you need using a
library catalog.
Question 3
Sample Response
The
university announcec that it will update an exercise
facility
because the exercise machines are old and it
··
.
is
not big enough for all he
students
who use it. The
man thinks this
is
agood
idea
because he goes there
and
there
is not a
lot
of good
exercise
equipment.
Sarne
is even
broken. Moreover,
lie
feels
that
it is
too
crowded. He goes there
and has
to wait
fifteen
minutes
to
use
a
machine. So
the
place needs
to
be expanded
to fit all the students
who go there.
Question
4
Sample Response
The lecturer uses an example
of
a computer store
manager to explain impression management. First,
the manager
tries
to act in a really professional way
because he thinks that customers expect
it.
This
supports the idea from ihe reading that
people
want
to
control how others
see
them.
Tl1e
speaker also
says that the manager jokes around with his employees
because he wants them to see him as a friend. This
is
because he wants to create aspecific impression in
the
minds of those employees.
Question
5
Sample Response 1
The
woman
wants to
take
a
class
that
is
full.
She can
either wait for a
student
to drop or talk to the professor.
I
believe
that
she
should
wait
for a
student
to drop it.
For one, this
is the
easier
solution.
If she spoke to the
professor, she
would have to
make
an appointment
and try
to
convince
him to let
her into
the
class.
However, this way, she can
just check the
class
online. Also, it
is
the
most
reliable
solution: The
speakers say
that
there might not be
enough seats
left
in class.
But if someone drops, then
the
woman
would
definitely be able to get
in.
Sample Response 2
The
woman s problem is that
she
wants to take a
class
but
it
is
already
full.
So she either has to
wait
for
an
opening
when
a student
drops
it or to
talk
to
the professor to get in. I think
she
should
talk
to the
professor. First,
it
is
better because
it
can save her
time. If
he says yes, then
she is
in
the class
and does
not
have to
wait
for
people to drop
it. Second, it will
almost certainly get her into the class. The speakers say
that the professor will
let
her
in
as long as there are
seats
left.
Question 6
Sample Response
The lecture
talks
about the keystone species as a
species
in
the
environment
that
plays
a
very
important
role. The professor shows how the wolf is a
good
example. First,
they affect animal populations. After
wolves
were reintroduced
to
a park
where they did
not
exist
for
eighty years,
the
large populations
of two
animals, deer and elk, went down to healthier levels.
They
also
affect the environment.
The
wolves
return
also
improved the number of cottonwood trees
because
it
reduced the
number
of animals that
ate
the young trees.
nswer
ey 77
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Practice Test 2
Question
Sample Response
like
to go to the beach
to relax,
like relaxing
at the
beach because can listen
to
the
waves, They
are
very soothing, The sound
takes
my
mind
off of all the
things have to do, also
like
to relax at the
beach
because can lie in
the sun,
can take
naps or read
a
book, do
not
worry about anything
when
am lying
in the warmth
of
the
sun,
Question
2
Sample Response
think
it is better to live with a roommate at
university, think this
because having
a roommate
gives you a chance
to meet other students
like
yourself. Your roommate could turn
out to
be a really ·
good
friend, and he or she can introduce you to
other
students.
It
is also better
to
have a roommate because
you can
do
chores together, That
way,
you
can get
the
cleaning
done much·
faster and have more
fun
doing it.
Sample
Response 2
think
it
is better to
live alone at university, For one,
think
living alone prevents distractions, When you live
with a roommate, you might want
to
have fun with
him
instead of study. When you live alone, you can
focus on studying. Also,
think
living
with a
roommate
can be annoying. Sometimes you have
to
live with
someone who is loud or messy. You
do
not have
to
worry about that
if you
live alone.
Question 3
Sample Response
The woman
does
not think it
is
a good
idea
for
the
maintenance
department
to
install more lights around
campus. She thinks that additional lights will not stop
people from
vandalizing
and
stealing,
She
thinks
that
having
more
lights
will
reveal
things that
thieves did
not
know
were there in the
first
place. She also
thinks
that
the campus already has enough lights for doing
things outdoors at
night.
Plus, she
likes
doing things,
like
jogging,
when
it is somewhat dark outside.
77
Answer
Key
Question
4
Sample Response
According to the
professor,
point
of
view
refers
to
the
position of
the viewer when
he s looking
at
a work of
art.
The
professor says
that
Velazquez uses
point
of
view for
two
purposes. First, he paints the scene so
that the viewer sees it from inside the house but
is
not
too
close
to
the people.
That way,
the viewer
sees all
the action.
He also uses point of view
to
show acertain
meaning.
He uses
a
broad
point
of
view
to
emphasize
the
group instead
of the emotions of
one person.
Question
5
Sample Response
The man
wants
to
live in the
dorms
the
next semester,
but
university
policy
says he
has
to
move out after
freshman year. He could either talk to
the campus
housing
department
or
apply to be
a resident
assistant. think it
would
be
better
for
him to
talk
with
someone in campus housing;
That way,
he might
be
al)le to
get a dorm room without having
to
be ari
RA
Also,
even
if they do not let him stay
in the dorms,
they may
be able to
help
him
find
housing close
to
campus.
Sample Response 2
The
man s
problem
is that
he
is
forced to move
out
of
the dorms but he
wants
to stay. The
speakers
say
that
he could either talk
to
campus housing or apply
to
be a
resident
assistant. think he
should become
a
resident assistant. For one,
he
will definitely get housing
this
way, whereas
he
might
not be allowed to
stay
in
the dorms if he
asks to have
the
policy
changed. n
addition, he
will get
free housing. They always pay
resident assistants,
so he
gets
two good things out of
this
solution.
Question 6
Sample
Response
The
professor says
that
there are
two
ways that
advertisers
make
everyday
products look
appealing.
One
way they do this
is to
use exaggeration.
The
professor
uses
the example of a
fast
food commercial,
in which two people buy food at a
drive
thru window
The food is
so big it makes
their car tip to
one side.
Another way,
according to
the professor,
is with
humor.
The
professor gives
the example
of a photo
editing ad, in which a bad
family
portrait is
edited
to
look
more presentable.
By
using humor, people
get a
good impression of
the
product.
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r
Part
01
Urban
Planning
~ t e p
Main ide
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2 History
~ t e p 1
Main idea: The Copper Scroll did not describe a real
treasure.
Key point
1: The Copper
Scroll was likely a
story
because there
were
many
similar stories
in
Israel.
Key point 2: The amount of treasure described in the
scroll seems too
larae
to
be
real
since
it would be
worth
one billion dollars todaY
Key point 3: The
treasure
has
never been
found
because the
descriptions
in the scroll are vague.
~ t e p 2
Main idea:
There
is
evidence to suggest
that
the
treasure in the
Copper Scroll is rfil [.
Key point 1: Since
the
Copper Scroll uses technical
language it
is probably
real.
Key
point 2:
The amount
of treasure
described in
the
scroll might
not
be
as
large
as
some
people think
because money
was
worth
different
amounts in different
places.
Key point
:
It may be
possible to
find
the
treasure
because
another
scroll
might exist.
~ t e p
Introduction:
Main topic:
Is the treasure described in the Copper
Scroll
is
real or imaginary?
Main idea of the reading
passage:
The
Copper
Scroll
did not describe a real treasure.
Main idea
of the lecture: It
is possible that
the
treasure
is real.
Body:
Key point 1:
Was the
scroll a story?
Supporting information from the
reading
passage:
The
scroll
was probably just a story used
to
entertain
people
because there were many similar
stories in.
Israel.
Supporting information from the lecture:
The
technical
language
used
means
it
probably
was not
just
a
story.
8
nswer
Key
Key
point
2: Is the size
of the treasure false?
Supporting information from the reading passage:
The
scroll describes
a
treasure
that
is
too large
to
be
real
since
it would
be
worth one
billion
dollars today.
Supporting information from the lecture:
The
treasure
might not
be as large as some
people think
because money was worth
different
amounts in
different
places.
Key point 3: Where is
the treasure?
Supporting information from the reading passage:
The treasure has never been found because the
descriptions
in the scroll are vague.
Supporting information from the lecture:
It
might
be possible to find
the treasure by
using another
scroll.
Conclusion:
· Summary: The reading says that the treasure
does
not exist but the speaker
thinks
that it might.
· ~ t e p
4
Both the lecture and
the passage
discuss
the
Copper
Scroll. While
the passage
says
that the
tieas11fe
described in the scroll does not actually exist the
lecturer argues the treasure is real.
According
to
the
passage
the scroll is an old story
that
was passed
down over
generations.
The
lecturer
corrects
this claim by explaining
that the
scroll used
vocabulary that
is
not used in folk tales. The
passage
also argues
that
the treasure
is
much too
large
to
be
real.
n response the
lecturer reasons that the
amount
in
the
scroll may be
smaller
than it seems; therefore
it
is probably real.
Last
the
passage claims
that
the
treasure
is
impossible
to
find because the directions.
on the scroll are not
clear.
The lecturer says that a
different
map
mentioned in
the
copper
scroll probably
has
better directions to
the treasure.
The mystery of the
copper
scroll has inspired many
arguments. Some people still think it is authentic while
others think
it
is
only a story.
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l
03
Environmental
Science
>Step 1
Main
idea:
Biofuels cannot replace fossil
fuels.
Key point : Biofuels are
not
more environmentally
friendly
than
fossil fuels because they also
pollute
the
environment.
Key
point 2:
Biofuels
do
not
have an unlimited supply
because
most agricultural land
is
already
being used.
Key
point 3:
Biofuels
cannot meet the
world s
demand
for fuel because
we
need
too
much fuel.
>Step 2
Main
idea: Ethanol
is not
a
substance that we can
use to replace gasoline.
Key
point
: Ethanol is
not cleaner
than gasoline; in
fact, it
produces
more pollution.
Key point 2: Ethanol requires
more
laoQ than we
have available
because there
is
not
enough
for
both
food and fuel crops.
Key lpoint
3: Ethanol cannot meet the demand for
fuel
n the world because
we do not have
enough land.
,.)_;) .
>Step 3
Introduction:
Main
topic:
Can
biofuels
can be used as
a
substitute
for
fossil fuels?
Main idea of
the
reading
passage:
Biofuels cannot
· · ·
be·used as
a
substitute
for fossil fuels. ·
Main
idea.of
the
lecture:
Ethanol
is
not something
we
can w e to
replace
gasoline.
Body:
Key
point
1:
What is the environmental
impact
of
biofuels?
Supporting information
from the reading passage:
Biofuels are not better for the
environment than
fossil
fuels
because they also pollute
the environment.
Supporting information from the lecture:
Ethanol
actually pollutes
the environment more
than
fossil
fuels.
Key point
2: Where does
the
supply come
from?
Supporting infonnation
from the reading
passage:
Biofuels
do
not
have an
unlimited
supply
because
most
agriculturat land is
already used.
Supporting information from
the
lecture:
Ethanol
requires
too
much
land to make because th ere is not
enough land
for
both food
and
fuel
crops.
Key point 3:
What
is the
demand for biofuels?
Supporting information from the
reading
passage:
Biofuels cannot meet the world s demand for fuel
because
we need
too much
fuel.
Supporting information from ttie lecture:
Ethanol
cannot meet the demand for fuel in the world because
we
do not
have enough land.
Conclusion:
Summary:
The
reading says
that
biofuels cannot
replace
fossil fuels,
and
the
lecture support it with the
example
of
ethanol.
~ t e p
4
Both
the
lecture
and the
passage discuss biofuels
as
a
possible alternative
to
fossil fuels.
The passage
states
that they
cannot
replace current fuel sources. The
lecturer
supports the
with
a
discussion
about
ethanol,
a biofuel made
from corn.
To begin, the passage
says
that biofuels
are no better
for the environment
than
fossil fuels.
The lecturer
proves
the
claim
by showing
that
ethanol creates more
pollution than
gasoline. Then
the passage states that
biofuels place strain
on
land
resources.
The lecturer
agrees, adding that the
production of
ethanol makes
corn
more
expensive.
Lastly, the
passage
says
that
biofuels
cannot meet the world demand for fuel. Again,
the
lecturer
agrees.
He says that
there is
no
way
that
·
enough ethanol could be
produced
to satisfy the
needs
of the world.
Both sources discuss
biofuels.
They give three
reasons why biofuels
cannot replace
fossil fuels.
04 Environmental Science
} Step I
Main idea: Corntainers are
better
for the environment
for three main reasons.
Key
point
1: Corntainers
can
be composted, which
returns
them
to the Earth as fertilizer.
Key
point
2: Corntainers take up less space in landfills
L ecause
they
will biodegrade.
Key
point
3:
Using
corntainers
is
the socially
resoonsible
thing to do
because it
is
better for
the
environment.
I
nswer Key 9
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~ t e p
Main
idea:
Corntainers
do
not
solve environmental
concerns.
Key point 1: Corntainers require special facilities in
order to break down.
Key
point 2: Many
corntainers
end up
in
landfills
because
people do not understand how to
recycle
them.
Key point 3:
There
is
nothing
socially responsible
about
using
corntainers because people
need
corn to
eat.
· ~ t e p
3
Introduction:
Main
topic;
Are corntainers good for
the environment?
Main idea of the reading
passage:
Corntainers are
better for the environment for three main reasons.
Main idea of the lecture:
Corntainers do not
solve
environmental
concerns.
Body:
Key point
1: Corntainers
can be
composted.
Supporting information from
the reading
passage:
Corntainers can be
composted,
which returns them
to
the Earth as
fertilizer.
Supporting informationfromthe ecture:Corntainers
require special facilities in order
to
break down.
Key
point 2:
Corntainers
do
not
fill
up landfills.
Supporting information from the
reading passage:
Corntainers will not take up space in landfills because
they
will
biodegrade.
Supporting information from the lecture: Many
corntainers
will
just
end
up
in
landfills anyway because
people don t understand how to
recycle
them.
Key
point
3: Using
corntainers is socially
responsible.
Supporting information from the reading
passage:
Using
corntainers is
socially responsible because it
is
better for tl1e environment.
Supporting information from the lecture:
Using
corntainers
is
not socially responsible because people
need
corn
to eat.
Conclusion:
Summary: The reading says
that corntainers
are
good, while the lecture
says
that
they
do
not help the
environment.
78 nswer ey
•
~ t e p 4
Both the lecture and the passage discuss PLA
containers
(corntainers). Though the
passage
presents
corntainers
as
an eco-friendly alternative to
other
plastic
packages,
the lecturer
says they do
not
benefit the
environment.
According
to
the
passage,
corntainers
are
good
because
they break
down
easily and
turn into fertilizer.
The lecturer
challenges the
claim.
She
shows that
the
composting process
for
corntainers
is long and
complicated.
The
passage also states
that
corntainers
are beneficial because they reduce the
amount
of waste
that ends up
in
landfills.
However, the lecturer disagrees,
saying
that
many
corntainers end
up
in
landfills,
anywey.
Finally, .the
passage says
that
using
corntainers is
socially responsible. They help the environment, and
thus, 2§De i everyone. n contrast, the lecturer argues
it is actually irresponsible to
produce
plastic with
corn
that could
be
used to feed the hungry.
Many
people
are interested in
doing what is
best
for
the environment. The passage claims that corntainers
are
eco-friendly,
but the lecturer disagrees.
01 Climatology
~ t e p
II/lain idea:
Climatologists
believe that global warming
is occurring for
three
reasons.
Key point 1:
There
is more
carbon dioxide
in the
atmosphere than ever before,
which
raises the Earth s
temperature.
Key
point
2: The
Earth s ice
caps are melting raoidly
as the
Earth gets hotter.
Key point
3: The
average global
temperature
has
been
steadily
increasing.
~ t e p
A.
2
B.
C.
The ongoing
process of global warming can
be
proved
by three
different
points.
:>Step 3
Main idea:
Global
warming
is
not
taking place
on
Earth
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Key point
1: Carbon dioxide levels have
not increased
dramatically
in the past quarter century.
Key point 2:
There
are
many different
factors
that
contribute
to
the
melting
of
ice caps.
Key point 3: Reported average global temperatures
are
not
accurate because the facilities do
not
include all
temperatures in the
average.
•Step
4
1 b 2
a
•Step 5
A
3. a
4.b
1. While
the reading says
that global warming is
currently taking
place, the
lecture
says
that
temperatures
are
not
changing.
2.
The
reading
states that carbon dioxide levels
have
worsened global warming, though the
lecturer disagrees
with
this
view.
3.
The
passage
suggests
that melting
ice caps
i o d i ~ t e rising temperatures.
The lecture, however,
says
that ice cap
loss
is due to many
other
factors.
4. The author
of the
passage
says
two facilities have
recorded temperature increases over
the
past
hundred
years, Jhe
lecturer points out that the
records
are
inaccurate.
B
1. The lecture says that temperatures
are
not changing,
while
the
reading says global warming is currently
taking
place.
2.
The
lecturer
disagrees with the view
presented
in
the
reading, which claims that carbon
dioxide
levels
have
worsened
global
warming.
3. It
is
suggested in the
passage
that melting ice
caps indicate global warming;
however,
the
lecture
says
other factors might be responsible.
4.
The lecturer shows
that average global
temperature
records are inaccurate,
though the
passage
says
that
two
facilities provide proof
that average
temperatures have
increased.
~ t e p 6
1. Experts say that
carbon dioxide
levels have
increased
by thirty-one percent
in
recent
years,
but
the
lecturer points
out
that over
the past
quarter
century, the levels have only increased
by
two
percent.
2. The Hadley Center and NASA record average
temperatures, but
their
figures are inaccurate
despite
their
use
of the most advanced technology.
02 Psychology
•Step
1
Main idea: Adult
interference in
children s
playing is
problematic.
Key point 1: Adult interference can hurt children s
creativitv.
Key
point 2:
Children
need
to develop
positive
l l l [
role
models, which is done through playtime.
Key point 3: Children
need
to learn to
stand
up
for
themselves.
•Step
2
A
2 B.1
C.
There are
three reasons
why
adult
interference
causes problems.
~ t e p
3
Main idea: Adults need to
monitor children s
playtime.
Key point 1: Adults
need to
monitor
playtime
to
make
sure
it
is
positive becaus.e
many children will get
into trouble
otherwise.
Key point 2:
Children need
adults, not peers, as IDll2
models because
children learn
bad behavior from
other children.
Key point 3: Adults need to
monitor
children to protect
them.
Step
4
1
b
2
a
Step 5
A
1. states/troublesome
3.
good/require
3.a
4.b
2.
harm/watch
4. defend/parents
· :
nswer
Key 78 ·
1
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. - : ~
.t1; -',
I \ .
£
j
I
I
Key point 2:
DDT can
endanger the health
of
humans
by causing a number of diseases.
Key
point
3:
DDT
has failed
to combat
disease-canyiog
mosquitoes
because insects became resistant to DDT.
•Step 2
A
2 B.1
C
Scientists
eventually
realized that
DDT
was not
as
good
as they
thought.
•Step
3
Main
idea: DDT is
not
as bad as some people
believe, and
it
has many benefits.
Key
point
1: DDT
can,
in some cases, benefit plants
and animals because it kills insects that cause disease.
Key point 2: DDT can
also
benefit human health by
stopping
diseases
that
kill humans.
Key point
3:
DDT
has effectively combated
diseases
in the
past, and millions
of lives
have been saved.
•Step
4
1. b
>Step
5
A
2.a
1.
found/benefits
3. says/help
B
3.b
4.a
2. danger/may
4. fight/successfully
1. According
tb
the reading, scientists
found
·that
DDT did
more
harm than good. However,
the
lecture
argues
that
DDT has many
benefits
and
is
not
as
bad
as some people
believe.
2.
While
the reading says that
DDT
is
a
danger to
the environment,
the
lecture
says that
DDT
may,
in some
cases,
benefit the environment.
3.
While the reading
says
that human health can be
endangered
by
DDT,
the lecture
argues
that
DDT
can really benefit
human health.
4. The
reading
says
that
DDT has
failed to
fight
disease-carrying rr.osquitoes. However, according
to
the lecture, DDT has combated diseases in the
past.
- ~ ~ ~
. -
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