HMS TRAFALGAR (SSN)

A Submarine is only ever called a: BOAT

Naval Terminology Designed to Confuse

• SS: Submarine

• SSN: Submarine (Nuclear Propelled)

• SSBN: Submarine (Nuclear Propelled with Ballistic Missiles)

• FF: Frigate

• DD: Destroyer

• DDG: Destroyer with Guided Missiles

• CV: Carrier

• CVF: Carrier with fixed wing aircraft

Classes of SSN (Hunter Killer)2nd Generation

• HMS Swiftsure (S Boats)

• HMS Sceptre

• HMS Spartan

• HMS Splendid

• HMS Sovereign

• HMS Superb

Classes of SSN (Hunter Killer)3rd Generation

• HMS Trafalgar (T boats)

• HMS Turbulent

• HMS Tireless

• HMS Torbay

• HMS Trenchant

• HMS Talent

• HMS Triumph

• Astute (A Boats)

Tomahawk Land Attack Missile Fired from HMS Splendid

Missile in Flight

One Less Command Bunker

HMS VANGUARD (SSBN)

Classes of SSBN (Bomber)

• HMS Vanguard (Trident)

• HMS Victorious

• HMS Vengeance

• HMS Vigilant

What Happens Underwater

The Trident Missile

The Deterrent

THE SUBMARINE MUST BE ABLE TO:

Maintain watertight integrity

Withstand pressure at depth

Remain manoeuvrable

Provide a stable platform to carry and fire weapons

Provide a habitable environment for the crew and to house machinery

Remain undetected - Very quiet

Work independently of air

SEA PRESSURE INCREASES AS THE SUBMARINE GOES DEEPER.

In PSI, pressure is approximately equal to ½ the depth in FEET.

At 100ft sea pressure is: 50 PSI

In BAR, pressure is approximately equal to 1/10 of the depth in METRES.

At 30m sea pressure is: 3 BAR

At a submarine’s Maximum Operating Depth a submarine is having to withstand pressures of 650 psi or 35 Bar

The Problem::

BASIC SUBMARINE CONSRUCTION

THE STRENGTH OF THE HULL IS INCREASED BY ADDING:

T Frames

Bulkheads

Decks

HULL INSERTS

Numerous holes are cut into the pressure hull for access and services,all of which weaken the pressure hull.In order to restore it to its original strength, heavier

plating is welded around each opening,these plates are known as:

ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE

BUOYANCY

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

NEUTRAL

BUOYANCY

BUOYANCY

MAIN BALLAST TANK

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING

BUOYANCY

Sea water density

Salinity

Temperature

Compressibility

Down & Out

Up & In

SUBMARINE STABILITY

The Centre of Gravity is the point through which the entire weight of the submarine may be said to act.

All heavy machinery and weights are placed at the bottom of the submarine to keep the centre of gravity as low as possible,this improves stability.

THE CENTRE OF BUOYANCY:

Is the point through which the entire upthrust on the submarine may be said to act

STABILITY

Stability is the submarine’s resistance to heeling forces

STABILITY

OPERATING ZONES

• NORMAL OPERATING ZONE

• MAXIMUM EXCURSION DEPTH

(20% BELOW DDD)

• CRUSH ZONE

CONTROL SURFACES

Control the submarine’s Course and Depth

FOREPLANES

Work in conjunction with the after planes to control pitch and depth

AFTERPLANES

Work in conjunction with the fore planes to control pitch and depth

RUDDER

Controls the Heading of the Submarine

HUNTER KILLERCOMPARTMENT LAYOUT

FWD ESCAPE

CONTROL ROOM/ACCOMODATION

MANOUVERING ROOM

ENGINE ROOM/MMS

WEAPONS EMBARKATION HATCH

FWD ESCAPE

CONNING TOWER

MAIN ACCESS HATCH

AFTER ESCAPE HATCH

ENGINE ROOM HATCH

REACTOR COMPARTMENT

BALLISTIC MISSILE SUBMARINE COMPARTMENT LAYOUT

MISSILE COMPARTMENT

REACTOR COMPARTMENT

WEAPONS EMBARKATION HATCH

FWD LET/MAIN ACCESS HATCH

CONNING TOWER HATCH

AFT LET

ENGINE ROOM HATCH

ACCOMODATION/FOREENDS

MACHINERY SPACEMID LET

FIN

Integral with the casing is the FIN.

It has 3 distinct functions:

• Supports and houses the masts and periscopes.

• Provides an elevated platform for conning and navigation.

• Strengthened for icebreaking and streamlined by shutters.

MASTS & PERISCOPES

SUBMARINE SYSTEMS

• Water systems

• Air systems

• Hydraulic systems

• Environmental systems

• Sanitary systems

In order to operate efficiently and independently, the submarine needs :

BALLAST SYSTEM

The primary function of the Ballast System is to adjust the bodily weight of the submarine.

BALLAST SYSTEM

TRIM SYSTEM

The primary function of the trim system is to adjust the horizontal plane of the submarine.

TRIM SYSTEM

BILGE SYSTEM

The primary function of the Bilge System is to collect and store dirty water & other fluids prior to subsequent discharge overboard.

BILGE SYSTEM

DOMESTIC FRESH WATER

The function of the domestic fresh water system is to provide hot and cold fresh water for drinking,domestic and other purposes.

HIGH PRESSURE AIR

To supply clean dry air @276 bar to:

A) Main Ballast Tank blows.

B) Charging Emergency Bottle Groups.

C) Auxiliary Vent & Blow.

D) After Planes in air emergency.

E) Reactor Air services.

HP AIR SYSTEMS

HPA HAZARDS

• Hearing can be impaired

• Damage to health

HP BLOW SYSTEM

To blow the main ballast tanks with

276 bar air to achieve positive buoyancy

HP BLOW SYSTEM

NUCLEAR STEAM RAISING PLANT

The pressurised water reactor generates heat to boil water,producing steam to drive the main turbines for propulsion and the turbo generators for electrical generation.

The PWR is the submarines main source of power:it uses nuclear fission to generate the heat that is used to produce steam.

REACTOR,SHOWING STEAM GENERATOR

LAYOUT OF A REACTOR COMPARTMENT

The control rods are raised and lowered to maintain the reactor

temperature inside a predetermined band

A reactor SCRAM is the dropping in of the control rods by the reactor protection system to shut down the reactor and preserve personnel and submarine safety.

ABSOLUTE SAFETY ESSENTIALS

COOLING WATERCOOLING WATERfor Decay Heat Removal

ELECTRICSELECTRICSfor Reactor Instrumentation/Monitoring

Cooling Water

Must keep water in the primary circuit

•Very high integrity system

•Make up system

ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION

The submarine requires a source of electrical power in order to function.

To provide this we have a system of generators and interlinking cables and switches.

ELECTRICAL GENERATION

Provides a safe reliable source of

AC/DC electrical power for:

• Navigation

• Weapons systems

• Heating

• Lighting

• Alternative methods of propulsion.

ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION

TURBO GENERATORS

The primary method of producing electrical power is two steam-driven Turbo Generators located in the Main Machinery Space(MMS)

They produce the main AC electricity at 440V 60 Hz 3 phase.

MAIN BATTERY

Provides a high integrity DC electrical supply in the event of a loss of the AC power generating capability

MOTOR GENERATORS

M.G’s keep the Main Battery fully charged under normal conditions and in the event of a TG failure they can supply the AC system from the Main Battery

DIESEL GENERATORS

There are 2 Diesel Generators fitted that can be used to charge the main battery during normal battery routines and in various machinery breakdown states,e.g. a prolonged reactor scram

SHORE SUPPLIES

Shore supplies provide a method of supplying electricity alongside, using cables connected from the jetty to the submarine.

THE PROPULSION SYSTEM

The function of the propulsion system is to provide a method of driving the submarine through the water,surfaced or dived,whilst retaining the ability to remain undetected.

MAIN PROPULSION UNIT & SHAFTING

MAIN TURBINES

The main turbines convert the steam produced by the NSRP (Nuclear Steam Raising Plant) into rotational movement to drive the gearbox via the clutches.

MAIN GEARBOX

The main gearbox transfers the drive from the main turbines to the shaft and reduces the turbine speed at a specific reduction ratio.

EMERGENCY PROPULSION MOTOR (EPM)

The EPM provides an alternative method of turning the shaft in the event of a loss of steam or mechanical failure of the turbines and is clutched in or out when required.

SECONDARY PROPULSION MOTOR (SPM)

The SPM is used in the event of a main shafting failure or loss of the gearbox, and when manoeuvring in confined waters

EMERGENCY BREATHING SYSTEM

To supply clean, breathable, filtered air at 7 bar throughout the submarine when the submarines atmosphere is contaminated.

EMERGENCY BREATHING SYSTEM

HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS

To supply a liquid at pressure to move heavy and essential items of equipment

Quietly Efficiently and Remotely

MAIN HYDRAULICS

• Fwd hydroplanes

• Main vents

• Water tight doors

• HP Blow valves

• Masts & Periscopes

• Hull Valves

6 main uses of Main Hydraulics are :

EXTERNAL HYDRAULICS

• Anchor windlass

• Capstans

• Bowcaps & flap valves

• Secondary Propulsion Motor

4 Main uses of External Hydraulics are:

AFTER HYDRAULICS

• Afterplanes

• Rudder Control

After Hydraulics is used exclusively for:

ENVIROMENTAL SYSTEMS

• Ventilation System

• Snort Induction System

• Air purification

• Air conditioning

• Sanitary systems

VENTILATION SYSTEM

• To circulate and distribute air throughout the submarine

• To provide adequate ventilation of the battery under all conditions.

• To exhaust stale or contaminated air from the submarine and replace it with fresh.

• To provide adequate air supplies to run the onboard diesels

VENTILATION SYSTEM

SNORT INDUCTION SYSTEM

To supply a fan induced supply of fresh air to the ventilation system when the submarine is on the surface or at periscope depth.

AIR PURIFICATION

To ensure clean breathable air is provided throughout the submarine & that contaminants are removed.

AIR CONDITIONING

To maintain a habitable environment for personnel and ensure suitable cooling is provided for electronic equipment where necessary.

SANITARY SYSTEMS

SANITARY, SLOP DRAIN & SEWAGE

To provide seawater for flushing the Heads and provide effluent storage prior to subsequent discharge overboard.

GASH DISPOSAL

To provide a method of discharging gash without surfacing the submarine.

INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

• To transfer voice information within the submarine.

• To provide telephone communication with the shore exchange when in harbour.

• To keep the crew informed of any emergency or general interest.

EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS

To transmit and receive information between the command headquarters ashore whilst remaining dived and covert.

ASMIPT ASMIPT

S&T Update

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