Smart grid case study

Håkan Johansson

CEO, eQUALS Power AB, Sweden

Source to socket approach (holistic view), turning

data into information and manage required flexibility

How to optimize output from current energy mix

(energy efficiency)

- Improve performance of existing system,

technically and commercially

- Predictions on future energy use? (long and short

term)

- In SE, Supplier, “User” and Academia work together

- Understand power vs energy

- Change in energy mix?

Source to socket

Save energy by using more electricity!

WW power systems investments: transmission 10%,

Gen 40%, “the rest last 5 km”

Further develop energy system in a sustainable

way (renewables…)

Bottlenecks: taxes, laws, regulations etc. (technology,

the easy part)

Barriers: commercial, legislations and others

Promoting investments by business model, incentives

etc.

New jobs could be created on a scale that cannot be

ignored?

Source to socket

Technology becomes more and more sophisticated and important, at the same, time less and less visible.

Source to socket

Implementation of Smart Grid/Smart

City/Digitalization/AI road map e.g.

- Ambitions short term and long term?

- Digitalization e.g. digital s/s with sensors, modelling

data (IEC 61850) ……

- Zone concepts and micro grids?

- RTE Ringo “virtual power line” by battery

storage, starting 2020

- Cyber Security, (behavioral biometrics…..)

- “Reduced” maintenance & asset health

BAT Best Available Technology**Stockholm Royal Seaport

Smart Grid / Smart City. Interaction between grid components.

TODAY’S ENERGY CHALLENGECUT LINK BETWEEN GROWTH, ENERGY USE AND EMISSIONS

Development areasPotential drivers

Development areasPotential drivers

Supporting SW Business Models Standards Energy Efficiency

Future Grid, a puzzle based on:an evolution challenging the entire power system

Connecting large scale renewables

Increased transfercapacity

Improved power quality

Improved control of thedistribution

system

Charginginfrastructure

E-mobility and shipto shore

Improvedcontrol and security

of the network

Increased need of balancing

power

ActiveConsumers and

micro generation

Up to 80 percent losses along the energy value chainSome losses inherent to the generation of electricityNetwork losses in EU are an estimated 50 TWh, the annual consumption of

13 million households*

Efficient generation, transport and better utilization of electricity

Solar resource Global supply and consumption comparisons

WW Grid Structure

Disconnector Circuit Breaker DisconnectorConventional current

measurement

Disconnecting circuit breaker

Fiber-optic current sensor

1. Reduce needed space with DCB, Disconnecting Circuit Breaker

2. Minimize the footprint even further with integrated optical CT

DCB+FOCS

Digital substation offering

Reduced space, installation time, maintenance costs andoutage time

Transfer of electric power (AC)

Grid interconnections, example EuropeBalancing renewables, energy storage……

Food for thought: Radius of 1000,

2000, 3000 kmThink 500, 800 and 1100 kV DC

A single pair of latest 640kV HVDC extruded cable will be able to transmit up to 3.4 GW of power from renewable energy sources

Thermal

Stability

Normal Operation

RUNNING CLOSER TO PHYSICAL LIMITS

Stability limit

Normal Operation

Margin

Margin

RUNNING CLOSER TO PHYSICAL LIMITS

Thermal limit

Stability limit

Normal Operation

Margin

Margin

RUNNING CLOSER TO PHYSICAL LIMITS

Future challengesRecruitment of young engineers for the power industry

Stockholm Royal Seaport

Large scalewindpower

E-mobilitySystemControl

Energystorage

Gridautomation

Activecustomers

Large scalewindpower

Smartsubstations

Develop and test Smart Grid solutions to realize:- Large scale integration of wind

- Active consumers participation

- Reliable and secure grid operation

- Smart Grid System Control

- Grid Automation

- Smart Substations

- Energy Storage

- Power exchange with mainland by HVDC interconnection

- …and more

Smart Grid Gotland

Bus Station

Bus Rural

V o l ta g e L e ve ls

1 3 2 , k V1 1 , k V0 ,4 k V

Bus SS

Bus 130 kV

Bus (5)

Bus (4)

Bus (3) Bus (2)

Bus (1)

Load Rest Station

Charging Station

5 x

800 k

V..

5 x

800 k

V..

Load Rest

Feeder

to r

ura

lF

eeder

to r

ura

l

Cable

(1)

Cable

(1)

Subtransmission Network

Tra

fo 4

0 M

VA

Tra

fo 4

0 M

VA

Load (1)

Cable (5)Cable (5)

Cable (4)Cable (4)

Cable (3)Cable (3)

Load (5)

Load (4)

Load (3) Load (2)

Cable (2)Cable (2)

DIg

SIL

EN

T

Enlarging the focus - understand the systemThis example, E-mobility

BUS CHARGING AT VOLVO IN GOTHENBURG, SWEDENREVERSED PANTOGRAPH

SC

SC

geographicalmap

electricalmap

Hydroelectric generation up

North and Consumption in

the South.

If no SC’s 12 systems

required!

With SC’s Only 8

systems required!

FACTS – Series Compensation Why SC – Example Sweden

Right-of-way of overhead lineExample of large AC transmission corridor

Right-of-way of overhead lineWith FACTS - less lines required for the same power transmitted

Right-of-way of overhead lineFACTS saves environment, forest and land!

Right-of-way of overhead lineDC line transmitting as much power requires fewer towers

Right-of-way of overhead lineHVDC saves environment, forest and land!

Right-of-way of overhead lineHVDC Light cables

Time

Emerging phase

AMI integration with operational system

Distribution Automation

Integration electric vehicles

Residential/Community Energy storage

Mature phaseActive houses

Demand Response

Environmental and energy efficient equipments

HVDC Classic

(FACTS) including SVC and STATCOM

Substation Automation with IEC61850

Today’sbusiness

SVC with Energy Storage

Network Management

Building and house control

Smart Grid/Smart City

Initial phase

Smart Meters for billing

Integration large scale wind/solar farms

Pilots for energy storage, active houses, electric vehicles,demand response, distribution automation, AMI integration

Shore to ship power

SG / SC Roadmap

- Smart Grid is the evaluation of today's systems and the enabler for a more sustainable energy system with a more consumer driven electricity market which includes:

- integration of renewable energy sources, efficient energy consumption, AMI etc.

- Both transmission and distribution- both automation/IT and power devices to handle flexibility- both technology, business models and regulatory/market

frameworks- New political incentives, directives, laws etc. to reduce climate footprint- Smart Grid is still a learning process. An important arena to develop and demonstrate solutions for the future power system together with all stake holders including authorities and end users. Implementation started! - Most of the components and systems needed exists today but new standards must be developed- Smart Grid creates new jobs and attract new competences* - Everyone has to reconsider the individual energy consumption behavior- BAT

CONCLUSIONS