Post on 11-Jan-2016
History of MedicineHistory of Medicine
Introduction to Health Scienceand Technology
ObjectivesObjectives• Students will be able to identify key
historical events in the science of medicine. • Students will be able to identify similarities
and differences of medicine in history and medicine today.
• Students will find a person in history from a country of their ancestors that contributed to medicine in some way and put it on the time line developed as a class.
Write-Pair-ShareWrite-Pair-Share• Why do we study history?
• What is it about history that helps us today?
• Why is the history of medicine important for us who want to go into the medical field?
18th CenturyR e ne La e nn ec
B e n jam in Fra n k linE d w ard Jen n er
Dark and Middle Ages(4 0 0 -1 4 0 0 A D )
N o M ed ica l S c ie n cefo r 10 0 0 ye a rs
R o be rt K o chW ilhe lm R o e ntg en
F lo ren ce N ig h tin g a le
19th CenturyIg n a s S e m m e lw e iss
L o u is P as te urJo sep h L is te r
The Renaissance(1 4 0 0-1 6 50 A D )
R e b irth o f S cie n ceM e d ica l S ch o o ls
Jo n a s S a lkA lfred S a b in
B a nd in g & B e stD r. Ja rv ik
20th CenturyC la ra B a rton
S ig m u nd Fre udA le xan d er F lem ing
16th and 17th CenturiesL e on a rdo da V in ci
W illia m H a rve yA n to n van Le e uw en ho ek
EgyptiansH e a lth R e co rds
M e d ic in esS p lin te d fra ctu res
Primitive TimesPrimitive Times• Used tribal Witchdoctors to cure
disease
• Trepanning – drilling holes in the head - was often used to help release evil spirits from the sick person.
• Herbs and Plants were used as medicine.
The The EgyptianEgyptian People People
• Earliest people to keep health records
• Identified diseases
The Egyptian PeopleThe Egyptian People
• Used Medicine to heal (Herbs and Plants)
• Splinted fractures
The Greek PeopleThe Greek People• Study causes of disease• Aristotle began
comparative Anatomy
• Alcmaeon – Theorized Brain was the seat of understanding
• Herbs and Plants used for healing
• Hippocrates– The “Father of
Medicine”– Hippocratic Oath
• “Code of Ethics”
Ancient RomansAncient Romans• First to provide
medical care for soldiers during battle
• Early hospitals – usually in the homes of doctors.
• First to create a public health part of government and develop sanitation systems.
• Herbal remedies used
Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)• Study of medicine stopped for over
1000 years.• Medicine practiced in monasteries and
convents.• First medical school opened toward the
end of the middle ages• Rhazes – invented suturing to close
wounds
Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)
• Used herbal medicine
Plagues and Epidemics during the dark agesPlagues and Epidemics during the dark ages
• Bubonic Plague
The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)• Rebirth of Science
– Medical schools– Study of the body by
dissection– Leonardo da Vinci –
Created many inventions and studied and created anatomical drawings.
– Vesalius – Wrote first Anatomy book
The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD)• Invention of the Printing Press
made books available to study.
Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance
16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century• Leonardo da Vinci – continued influence
– Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body.
16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century• William Harvey
– Pumping heart and circulation.
16th and 17th Century16th and 17th Century
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek– Invented the microscope
17th Century17th Century• Rene Laennec– Invented the stethoscope
More Illness...More Illness...• Smallpox• Tuberculosis• Cholera• Influenza• Diphtheria• Whooping
Cough• Mountain Fever
17th Century17th Century
• Benjamin Franklin…– Invented bifocals
because he had trouble seeing.
– Electricity– Many more
inventions
17th Century17th Century• Edward Jenner
– Vaccination for smallpox
18th Century18th Century• Joseph Lister
– The first doctor to use antiseptic during an operation to prevent infection.
18th Century18th Century• Ignas Semmelweiss
– Cause of childhood fever– Instituted hand washing– Died from a cut he received during an
autopsy.
18th Century18th Century• Louis Pasteur
– Microorganisms cause disease.
18th Century18th Century• Robert Koch
• The ‘Father of Microbiology”
18th Century18th Century• Wilhelm Roentgen
– Discovered x-rays
19th Century19th Century• Florence Nightingale
– First school of nursing– Made nursing an honorable profession
19th Century19th Century• Sigmund Freud
– His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry
19th Century19th Century• Clara Barton
– Established the American Red Cross
20th Century20th Century• Alexander Fleming
– Discovered Penicillin
20th Century20th Century• Jonas Salk
– Discovered a ‘killed’ polio virus vaccine
Other DiscoveriesOther Discoveries
• Alfred Sabin– Live polio vaccine
• Dr. Jarvik– Artificial heart
• Dr. Divecci– First Heart Transplant
• Europe in 20th Century– First ‘test tube’ baby
Other Discoveries..Other Discoveries..• First EKG Machine
Not the end…only the beginning!Not the end…only the beginning!
• You are the future!