OVERVIEW OF HISTOPATHOLOGY BY

SEEMA DEROTRANIEE TECHNOLOGIST

INTRODUCTION TO DEPARTMENT OF HISTOPATHOLOGY

Histopathology is the department of clinical lab which deals with the study of diff types of tissues

The department is based on following benches: Processing Gross Tissue processing Embedding,cutting,H&E Immunohistochemistry Special stains Cytology Semen DR Cytogenetics

WHAT IS HISTOPATHOLOGY?

Greek word

Histo- tissue

Pathos- disease suffering refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order

to study the manifestations of disease. histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or

surgical specimen by a pathologist, after the specimen has been processed and histological

sections have been placed onto glass slides

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY

1.PROCESSINGSpecimen categories Tissues (with history) Bone (with x- ray) Autopsy (consent form) Body fluids CSF PBCR

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

2.GROSS SECTION (grossing) specimens are inspected with the bare eye  diagnostic information further microscopic examination.

Tissues are saved in different cassettes having different color Yellow (liver, renal) Green (routine) White(bones) Grey(skin) Pink(lymph nodes)

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

3.TISSUE PROCESSING fixing tissue into paraffin dehydration and clearing tissue is infiltrated with the embedding agent, (paraffin) Tissue processing is always automated for the large volumes of

tissues. Automation consists of an instrument that moves the tissues

around through the various agents on a preset time scale.

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

4.EMBEDDING Orientation of tissue in melted parafin which provide a firm

medium for keeping all parts of tissue intact Temp of parafin (58-60 C) Instrument used (embedding station)

CUTTING

Microtome used for cutting about 3-5 micron

H&E

Hematoxlyin (water based dye)

Eosin(counter stain)

They stains nucleus & cytoplasm

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

5.IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Ag-Ab specific reaction Clinical diagnosis and distinguishing diagnosis of tumor

histogenesis Can be used to locate particular cells and proteins Can be used to identify cellular events – e.g.apoptosis

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

6.SPECIAL STAINS Required when diagnosis is not identified with

H&E staining

Some of the stains used are Connective tissue ( rapid trichome) Nucleic acid (methylene green pyronin) Carbohydrates(PAS & PASD)

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

7.CYTOGENETICS

Study of chromosomes and its abnormalities chromosome number structure function behavior in relation to gene inheritance, organization and expression

Types of disorders: Deletions Inversions Translocation Addition(insertion)

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Types of specimen Blood Bone marrow Amniotic fluid

Procedures done Karyo typing G-banding FISH

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BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

8.CYTOLOGY

Study of cells to know the infection,pre malignant and malignanent changes

2 types of samples Gyane

(pap smears) Non Gyane

(bodyfluids,CSF,urine,pericardial,pleural.asitic.synovial)

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Procedures done in cytology FNACP FNAC FNAB

Staining in cytology H&E Pap Dry (rapi) Gimesa

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BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd..

9.SEMEN DR

Fresh sample of seminal fluid is examined for : Liquefaction Motility Number Morphology

Elements of analysis Quantity Color Liquefaction pH

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Tests done are Detailed report IUI (intra uterine insemination) Anti sperm antibody

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