Post on 03-Apr-2018
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SYSTEMA NERVORUM
• SYSTEMA NERVORUM PERIFERUM
– BERKAS SERABUT SARAF
– GANGLION
–
AKHIRAN SARAF• SYSTEMA NERVORUM CENTRALE
– BERKEMBANG DARI TUBA NEURALIS MENJADI:
• OTAK
• MEDULLA SPINALIS
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SYSTEMA NERVORUM
SYSTEMA
NERVORUM
CENTRALE
SYSTEMA
NERVORUM
PERIFERUM
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SYSTEMA NERVORUM PERIFERUM
• MENCAKUP SEMUA JARINGAN SARAF YANG TIDAK
TERCAKUP DALAM SYSTEMA NERVORUM CENTRALE
• BERKAS SERABUT SARAF TERBENTUK OLEH TONJOLAN
SARAF TERUTAMA AXON BERSAMA SEL PENYOKONGNYA
DIBUNGKUS OLEH JARINGAN PENGIKAT
• GANGLION DIBENTUK DI BEBERAPA TEMPAT DALAM
TUBUH SEBAGAI KUMPULAN SEL-SEL SARAF BERSAMA
SEL PENYOKONGNYA YANG DIBUNGKUS OLEH JARINGAN
PENGIKAT
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SERABUT SARAF DALAM SYSTEMA NERVORUM PERIFERUM
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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF
• DALAM ANATOMI KITA MELIHAT BERKAS-BERKAS SERABUT SARAF
YANG MASING-MASING DIBERI NAMA, MISALNYA NERVUS RADIALIS,
NERVUS ULNARIS
• SERABUT-SERABUT SARAF TERSEBUT SEBENARNYA BERKAS
TONJOLAN SEL SARAF, TERUTAMA AXON
• PEMBENTUKAN BERKAS TERORGANISASI SECARA BERTAHAP DENGAN
BUNGKUS JARINGAN PENGIKAT PADAT
• BUNGKUS JARINGAN PENGIKAT TERLUAR DINAMAKAN EPINEURIUM
• EPINEURIUM MELANJUTKAN KE DALAM MEMBENTUK SEKAT-SEKAT
DAN MEMBUNGKUS BERKAS -BERKAS LEBIH KECIL, DISEBUT:
PERINEURIUM
•JARINGAN PENGIKAT TIPIS YANG MEMBUNGKUS SETIAP TONJOLANSARAF BERSAMA MIELIN & SEL SCHWANN: ENDONEURIUM
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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF
Figure 13.3b
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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF
• In this preparation,the myelin sheathsare not well fixed.The thicker sheathsare completely
extracted (HA19).The thicker sheathsapparently preventgood fixation of theiraxons so the latter
are not stained andare shrunken.
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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF
• The endoneurium, immediatelysurrounding the individual axons, can beseen in the transverse sections.Occasionally, blood vessels can be seenleaving the endoneurium (*: HA17). Inlongitudinal sections, the endoneurium ishard to resolve - n: HA18 refers to thelocation of the endoneurium.
• The epineurium (E: HA18) surrounds theoutside of each bundle and is composed
mainly of thick collagen fibers that stainlightly here. This is dense connectivetissue which provides the chief structuralintegrity of the bundle.
• Lining the epineurial sheath are 3-5 thinlayers of cells that stain more intenselythan the epineurial collagen fibers. Theperineurium (P: HA18) is composed of flattened cell layers. Within each layer,the cells are bound together by occluding junctions.
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#68 Nerve bundle in transverse section
Epineurium
Perineurium
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ORGANISASI SERABUT SARAF
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SERABUT SARAF SOMATIK DAN VISERAL
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GANGLION
• GANGLION ADALAH KUMPULAN SEL-SEL SARAF YANG
DIBUNGKUS OLEH JARINGAN PENGIKAT PADAT SEBAGAI
KAPSEL GANGLION DAN TERLETAK DI LUAR SSP
• KOMPONEN:
– SETIAP SEL GANGLION DIBUNGKUS OLEH SEL SATELIT YANG
MERUPAKAN SEL PENYOKONG JARINGAN SARAF
• KLASIFIKASI:
– GANGLION CRANIO-SPINALIS
• DI DAERAH KEPALA DAN DI DAERAH MEDULLA SPINALIS
–
GANGLION AUTONOM • DI LUAR PENGARUH KESADARAN
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#65 Spinal cord and DRG
Ventral horn
Lateral horn
Dorsal
horn
Dorsal root
ganglion (DRG)
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Dorsal root ganglion
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Dorsal root ganglion
• Slide 7 Dorsal Root
Ganglion
A higher magnification
view shows thesurrounding satellite
cells (red arrows), the
glia of the DRG.
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Dorsal root ganglion
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Dorsal root ganglion
• Next, look for dorsal
root ganglia on either
side of the spinal cord.
They are characterizedby groups of cell bodies
of ganglion cells
alternating with
bundles of axons (HA9).
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GANGLION CRANIOSPINALIS
MORFOLOGI
–BUNGKUS:
• JARINGAN PENGIKAT PADAT
– DI DAERAH TEPI GANGLION
• SEBAGIAN BESAR SEL-SEL GANGLION TERLETAK BERDERET-DERET
– DI BAGIAN TENGAH GANGLION
•TERUTAMA BERKUMPUL SERABUT SARAF
– SEL-SEL SARAF = SEL GANGLION
• BERBENTUK PSEUDOUNIPOLER YANG TONJOLANNYA BERBENTUK HURUF T,
KECUALI GANGLION N. ACUSTICUS BERBENTUK BIPOLER
• UKURAN SEL: KECIL: 15 m - 30 m; BESAR : 120 m
– KEDUA TONJOLAN SITOPLASMA SEL GANGLION
• MEMPUNYAI STUKTUR SEBAGAI AXON YANG BERMIELIN
• TONJOLAN YANG MEMBAWA IMPULS MASUK KE SEL TIDAK
MENUNJUKKAN MORFOLOGI DENDRIT
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JARINGAN GANGLION CRANIOSPINALIS
7
SEL KAPSEL/SATELIT
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GANGLION AUTONOM
MORFOLOGI
• BIASANYA BERBENTUK SEBAGAI PELEBARAN BULAT PADA
SERABUT SARAF AUTONOM
• BEBERAPA DI ANTARANYA TERDAPAT DALAM ORGAN, KHUSUSNYA
DALAM DINDING SALURAN PENCERNAAN
• SEL-SEL GANGLION
–
TERSEBAR DALAM GANGLION BERCAMPUR DENGAN SERABUT SARAFYANG LALU LALANG
– BERBENTUK NERON MULTIPOLER, SEHINGGA MIRIP GAMBARAN
BINTANG, BERUKURAN HAMPIR SAMA (20 m - 45 m)
• SERABUT SARAF
– TIDAK BERMIELIN
• SEL SATELIT
– TIDAK SEMPURNA MENGELILINGI SEL GANGLION
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GANGLION AUTONOM
GANGION SIMAPTIK
SERABUT SARAF
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#74 Sympathetic ganglion cells
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JARINGAN GANGLION AUTONOM
GANGLION PARA SIMAPTIK PADA DINDING USUS
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#75 Parasympatheic ganglion cells(in Seminal vesicle)
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#29 Parasympathetic ganglia
#2 0 P th i li ll i
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#250 Parasympatheic ganglion cells in
vaginal wall
S d A t i N
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Sensory and Autonomic Neurons
(DRG) (Parasympatheitc)
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Axon
• Slide 16 Peripheral Nerve
A longitudinal view shows
the characteristics of a
peripheral nerve: a wavy
pattern and a washed-outappearance (from the loss
of myelin during
processing). The RBCs
(about 10 microns each)serve as built-in scale bars.
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Axon
• Slide 17 Peripheral Nerve
Another look shows the
same characteristics of the
longitudinal peripheral
nerve. The washed-outappearance and nodes of
Ranvier distinguish it from
smooth muscle, connective
tissue, cartilage, etc.
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#67 Longitudinal and Transverse Section of P. Nerve
Axon
Schwann cell
membrane
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Axon
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Node of Ranvier
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• Slide 18 Node of
Ranvier
A closer look shows a
node of Ranvier (redarrow). These "breaks"
in myelination allow for
saltatory conduction.
Use the RBCs as a sizescale.
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• Slide 20 Peripheral
Nerve
In cross section, the
dark axons are clearlyseen within the myelin
sheath (red arrow).
Notice also the smaller
B fibers (blue arrow).They too are
myelinated.
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A Schwann cell myelinate
one axonA Schwann cell wraps around
several unmyelinated axons
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Unmyelinated nerve
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Mixed, myelinated and unmyelinated, nerve
Arrows indicate Schwann cell nuclei
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KH R N R F
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AKHIRAN SARAF
AKHIRAN SARAF ADALAH UJUNG-UJUNG :
– SARAF EFEREN YANG MEMBAWA IMPULS DARI PUSAT KE
EFEKTOR
– SARAF AFEREN YANG BERFUNGSI SEBAGAI AWAL DARI DENDRIT
YANG MENERIMA RANGSANG DARI LUAR SISTEM SARAF• UJUNG BERAKHIR BEBAS BERTINDAK SEBAGAI RESEPTOR
RANGSANGAN
• BAGIAN DARI ORGAN SENSORIS
E E E
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AKHIRAN SARAF EFEREN
• MENERIMA IMPULS DARI PUSAT YANG BERAWAL DARI SEL MOTORIK
• AKHIRAN SARAF BERSINAPSIS DENGAN EFEKTOR
• LETAK AKHIRAN SARAF
– AKHIRAN SARAF SOMATIK EFEREN
• MOTOR ENDPLATE (OTOT SKELET)
–AKHIRAN SARAF VISCERAL EFEREN
• KARDIOMOTOR (OTOT JANTUNG)
• VISCEROMOTOR (OTOT ALAT DALAM)
• VASOMOTOR (OTOT POLOS PEMBULUH DARAH)
• PILOMOTOR (OTOT POLOS FOLIKEL RAMBUT)
• SEKRETOMOTOR (EPITEL KELENJAR)
H F EFE E
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AKHIRAN SARAF EFEREN
AKHIRAN SARAF SOMATIK EFEREN
AKHIRAN SARAF VISCERAL EFEREN
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MOTOR ENDPLATE
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MOTOR ENDPLATE
SINAPSIS SARAF MOTORIS DAN OTOT SERAN LINTANG
• AXON KEHILANGAN SELUBUNG MIELIN SEBELUM BERCABANG HALUSMEMBENTUK SINAPSIS
• AXON HANYA DITUTUPI OLEH SELUBUNG SCHWANN
• ENDONEURIUM MENYATU DENGAN ENDOMISIUM
• UJUNG AXON BERCABANG-CABANG HALUS DAN MELEBAR
MENGANDUNG GELEMBUNG2 HALUS DAN MITOKHONDRIA
• CELAH SINAPSIS : 20 nm
• CELAH ANTARA AXOPLASMA UJUNG AXON DAN SARKO-PLASMA
SERABUT OTOT TIDAK ADA SITOPLASMA SEL SCHWANN
•
PENONJOLAN SARKOPLASMA DAERAH SINAPSIS YANG MENGANDUNGBANYAK MITOKHONDRIA, MELEKUK SEBAGAI TEMPAT PELEBARAN
UJUNG AXON
MOTOR ENDPLATE
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MOTOR ENDPLATE
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AKHIRAN SARAF AFEREN
• BERAKHIR BEBAS DALAM JARINGAN
• MEMBENTUK RESEPTOR DALAM BANGUNAN YANG DISEBUT
ORGAN SENSORIS
– RESEPTOR TANPA SELUBUNG
– RESEPTOR DENGAN SELUBUNG
RESEPTOR TANPA SELUBUNG
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RESEPTOR TANPA SELUBUNG
AKHIRAN SARAF DENGAN SELUBUNG
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AKHIRAN SARAF DENGAN SELUBUNG
RESEPTOR DENGAN SELUBUNG
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RESEPTOR DENGAN SELUBUNG
NEUROMUSCULAR SPINDLE
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• Slide 21 Pacinian Corpuscle
The Pacinian corpuscles are
large "onion-like"
encapsulated pressure
receptors. The surroundingconcentric lamellae respond
to distortion and generate
an action potential in the
unmyelinated fiber in the
core.
• Figure 21 6 A highly schematic diagram of
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• Figure 21-6. A highly schematic diagram of the vertebrate nervous system. The centralnervous system (CNS) comprises the brainand spinal cord. It receives direct sensoryinput from the eyes, nose, tongue, and ears.The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
comprises three sets of neurons: (1) somaticand visceral sensory neurons, which relayinformation to the CNS from receptors insomatic and internal organs; (2) somaticmotor neurons, which innervate voluntaryskeletal muscles; and (3) autonomic motorneurons, which innervate the heart, thesmooth involuntary muscles such as those
surrounding the stomach and intestine, andglands such as the liver and pancreas. Thesympathetic and parasympathetic autonomicmotor neurons frequently cause oppositeeffects on internal organs. The cell bodies of somatic motor neurons are within the CNS;those of somatic sensory neurons and of autonomic motor neurons are in gangliaadjacent to the CNS (see Figure 21-5).