DURABLE EASY MAINTAINED

COST EFFECTIVE

ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY

UTILIZING SEA WATER COOLING

TOWER FOR DISTRICT COOLING

By: Hisham HajajKuwait District Cooling

Summit

January 26, 2011

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

AGENDA

• INTRODUCTION

• INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRMENT

• TYPES OF SEAWATER COOLING

• TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS

• ADVANTEGES OF CIRCULAR COOLING TOWER

• DISADVANTEGES OF CIRCULAR COOLING TOWER

• THE BIG STORY – CASE STUDY

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

INTRODUCTION

• COOLING TOWERS ARE A VERY IMPORTANT PART OF MANY PLANTS. NOT ONLY DISTRICT COOLING PLANTS BUT ALSO MOST OF INDUSTRIAL PLANTS.

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

WHY DO WE USE SEAWATER COOLING TOWERS?

1. DURABLE

2. EASY MAINTAINED

3. ENERGY CONSERVATION

4. ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY

5. COST EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE

SOLUTION DUE TO THE ELEVATED

COST OF POTABLE WATER.

6. SCARCITY OF WATER RESOURCES.

• HEAT REJECTION FROM INDUSTRIES.

• COOLING MEDIA IS REQUIRED TO ABSORB HEAT

• THE SYSTEM PROVIDE SEA WATER TO BE THE COOLING MEDIA TO ABSORB HEAT FROM INDUSTRIES AND DISSIPATE HEAT INTO THE SEA.

• WHY DO INDUSTRIES NEED SEA WATER COOLING SYSTEM ? .

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRREMENT

1. SEA WATER INTAKE

STRUCTURE.

2. PUMPING STATION.

3. PIPING OR CANAL.

4. INDUSTRIES OFF-TAKE

STRUCTURES.

5. OUTFALL STRUCTURE.

• ONCE THROUGH.

• EVAPORATIVE COOLING.

• RE-CIRCULATING COOLING TOWERS

• TYPES OF SEA WATER COOLING

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS

FAN ASSISTED NATURAL DRAFT

MECHANICAL DRAFT NATURAL DRAFT

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

ADVANTAGES FOR CIRCULAR TYPE

1. NATURAL DRAUGHT DURING WINTER

OPERATION (APPROX. < 20 DEGREE C)

2. NO RESTRICTIONS FOR TOWER

SITTING WITHIN THE SITE

3. UNBIASED TO WIND DIRECTION

THERFOR, THERE IS NO ISSUE WITH

THE TOWER ORINATION.

4. SHORT DISTANCE TO PROCESS PLANT

( LESS PIPING)

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

5. NO RECIRCULATION, NO INTERFERENCE

6. PLUME FORMING FAR AWAY FROM THE GROUND LEVEL

7. EASY CONTROL SYSTEM

8. LOW EMISSION IN CASE OF SALT WATER

9. LOWER TOTAL INVESTMENT COST  (EARTHWORKS + COOLING

TOWER + PIPING)

10.LESS SPACE REQUIREMENT (SEE FIG. -1)

ADVANTAGES FOR CIRCULAR TYPE

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

ADVANTAGES FOR CIRCULAR TYPE

FIGURE -1

LESS SPACE REQUIREMENT

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

ADVANTAGES

11. LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION.

12. LESS MAINTENANCE.

13. LONGER LIFE. (MECHANICAL SECTION

AWAY FROM PLUME WITH SALT CONTENT

IN DRIFT).

14.  PEOPLE LIVING IN BUILDINGS IN THE

SURROUNDING AREA WILL NOT LOOK

DOWN TO SEE HUNDREDS OF REVOLVING

FANS WHICH IS THE CASE IN CELL

TYPE. CIRCULAR DESIGN GENERALLY

REQUIRES MAXIMUM 1-4 TOWERS WHERE

THE FANS ARE CONCEALED FROM VIEW.

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

DISADVANTAGES

1. THERE IS NO FINANCIAL INCENTIVE FOR

DEVELOPERS OR DISTRICT COOLING PROVIDERS.

2. SPECIAL CHILLERS AND TUBING.

3. HIGH INTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE COST.

4. TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IMPACT MARINE LIFE

5. LOCAL AUTHORITIES REGULATION

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

DISADVANTAGES

6. TO BE USED ONLY FOR SHOPPING CENTERS

AND LOWRISE BUILDINGS.

7. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION LIMITATIONS.

8. MAINTAINING THE DELIVERY SYSTEM.

9. DISCHARGE SEAWATER TEMPRATURE

LIMITATION.

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

CASE STUDY

JUBAIL INDUSTRIAL CITY

SAUDI ARABIA

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

SWC SYSTEM COMPONENTS AT JUBAIL 1

• SEA WATER INTAKE ( INTAKE CHANNEL AND PUMP STATION )

• CANAL SYSTEM

• OUTFALL STRUCTURE

• INDUSTRIES OFF-TAKE STRUCTURES AND LATERALS PIPES

• INVERTED SIPHONS BETWEEN CANALS SEGMENTS

• 3 CANALS SEGMENTS WITH 3 COMPARTMENTS ( SUPPLY , SUPPLY / RETURN , RETURN )

ALL WATER FORM SWC SYSTEM PASS THROUGH THE INDUSTRY HEAT EXCHANGERQ SWC SUPPLY = Q IN

INDUSTRIES FENCE

COLD PROCESS WATER

Sea Water Return ( Hot ) HOT

PROCESS WATER

SEA WATER SUPPLY ( COLD )

TYPICAL PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERQ IN Q SWC

SUPPLY

+ 10 o C

ONCE THROUGH CONCEPT

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

INTAKE CHANNEL

SWC 1

PUMPING

STATION

INDUSTRIAL PORT CAUSEWAY

SWC 2

PUMPING

STATION

Length : 2.5 KMWidth : 60 – 190 M (Dredged Channel)Depth : - 3.7m RCD

DREDGED CHANNEL

ARABIANGULF

INTAKE CHANNEL

SWC PUMP STATION I & II

SWC 1 SWC 2

A - A

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

PUMP STATION

SWC PUMP STATION

INVERTED SIPHONS

End of Canal 1

Start of Canal 2

Siphons Pipes

OFF-TAKE STRUCTURE

SUPPLYSTRUCTURE

RETURNSTRUCTURE

FLOW MEASUREMENTCHAMBER

LATERAL PIPELINESEAWATER TOUSER INDUSTRY

ACCESSBRIDGE

S S/R R

OUTFALL

CAPACITY OF THE PUMP STATION

Ultimate Pump Stations Capacity

Summer Operation ( Peak )

Total Pumps

Pump Flow m3/s

Max Flow m3/s

Total Pumps

Total Flow m3/s

18 / 10 13.5 /10.3 346 16 /8 298

28 1,245 24 ( 4 ) 1,074Total Flow

( 1000 m3 / hr )

Large / Small Pumps

Canal ( 1, 2 ,3 and 4 )

Canal 1

Canal 3

Canal 2 Siphon 1

Siphon 3

Siphon 2

Siphon 4

Pump Station

Outfall

CAPACITY OF THE CANAL SYSTEM

• ORIGINAL DESIGN CAPACITY IS 816,000 M3/HR USING THE ORIGINAL CONCEPT OF ONE S COMPARTMENT , ONE R COMPARTMENT AND KEEP THE S/R AS STAND-BY

• CONCEPT HAS BEEN MODIFIED TO USE S AND S/R COMPARTMENTS IN OPERATION AS SUPPLY CANALS DURING PEAK AND ONLY R COMPARTMENT USED FOR RETURN. THIS WILL DOUBLE THE SUPPLY CAPACITY. HOWEVER ,

• THE CAPACITY OF THE RETURN CANAL CAN DELIVER 970,000 M3/ HR . SO OTHER MODIFICATION INTRODUCED.

• PETROKEMYA BYPASS, THE CANAL DISCHARGE CAPACITY CAN BE INCREASED BY 190,000 M3 / HR (2 PIPES) INCREASING THE TOTAL CANALS DISCHARGE CAPACITY TO 1,160,000 M3 / HR .

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

CONCLUSION

SEA WATER COOLING IS THE ONE FOR OUR INDUSTRIES

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS

SEA WATER COOLING TOWERS