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«ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ВИСОКОПРОДУКТИВНИХ

БІОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ КУЛЬТУР ТА СПІВПРАЦЯ

У ЗДІЙСНЕННІ ПІЛОТНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ В

БІОЕНЕРГЕТИЦІ»

Гументик Михайло Ярославович, к. с-г. н., завідуючий лабораторією

технології вирощування та переробляння біоенергетичних культур для

виробництва біопалива.

HIGH YIELD BIOENERGY CROPS

FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

Myhailo Gumentyk,

PhD in Agricultural Sciences,

Chief of the Laboratory for Growing and Processing

of Bioenergy Crops on Biofuels

2 TILLAGE STRUCTURE ON THE LAND QUALITY IN

UKRAINE

Jointly 32 mil. ha

*

Total emissions for conventional fuel, used as the basis of comparison in amount of 83.8 g (CO2 eq) / MJ

PROSPECTS OF HIGH YIELD BIOENERGY CROPS DEVELOPMENT,

STUDIED ON THE BASE OF RESEARCH STATIONS NAAS UKRAINE

Bioenergy crop

Liquid types of

biofuel (ethanol,

butanol, biodiesel)

Biogas

(methane)

Solid types of biofuel

(fuel granules, pellets)

Sugar sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum) Х Х Х

Soryz (Hybrid of sorghum and rice) Х Х Х

Maize (Zea mays L.) Х Х Х

Triticale (Triticosecale) Х Х Х

Topinabmur (Helianthus tuberosus L) Х Х Х

Rape (Brassica campestris ) Х Х Х

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris saccharif.) Х Х

Chicory (Cichorium intubus L) Х Х

Columbus Grass (Sorghum almum Porodi) Х Х

Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus L) Х Х

Willowy Millet “Switchgrass" (Panicum virgatum L) Х Х

Schavnat (Rumex patientia L.×Rumex tianshаnicus A.Los. ) Х Х

Perennial Sida (Sida hermаphrodita) Х Х

Bioenergy crop

Liquid types of

biofuel (ethanol,

butanol, biodiesel)

Biogas

(methane)

Solid types of

biofuel (fuel

granules,

pellets)

Mallow (Malva crispa L.) Х Х

Amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus L) Х Х

Ginger (Camelina Sativa (l.) Crantz) Х Х Х

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Х Х Х

Soybean (Glycine max Moench) Х Х Х

Bean (Vicia faba) Х Х Х

Topisunflower (HellianthustuberosusL x Helianthusannus L.) Х Х

Sylfiya pronyzanolysta (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Х Х

Kozlyatnyk eastern(Galega oritalis L.) Х Х

Highlander Sakhalin (Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt) Х Х

Hemp Srednerussky type (Cannabis L.) Х Х

Energy willow (Salix viminalisL) Х

Poplar (Populus alba) Х

YIELD OF MAIN BIOENERGY CROPS IN UKRAINE

23%

10%

26%

10%

30%

22%

25%

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Sugar beet (roots)

Sugar beet (beet leaves)

Chicory (roots)

Chicory (beet leaves)

Sugar sorghum

Miscanthus

Switchgrass

Yield capacity, centner/ha

Dry matter Water

9 sorts and hybrids: • А. Sacchariflorus

• А. Sinensis

• А. Sinensis early hybrid

• А. Sinensis new hybrid

• А. Sinensis late hybrid

• А. Gigantеus

• А. Ferne Osten

• Holiaf

• Grossfontein

Miscanthus (Miscanthus A.) is a perennial energy crop of the family of cereal. This crop concerns to

C4 type of photosynthesis, which includes about 40 species.

Miscanthus is highly eco-friendly culture: after four years of growing it accumulates 15 - 20 tons of

underground biomass, which is equivalent to 7,2 - 9,2 t / ha of carbon. Duration of plantation use is about

20 years, commercial cultivation - 15 years.

Low operating costs allow growing of open wide possibilities in the crops usage for the production

of solid biofuels. Dry biomass yield is 15-20 t / ha. Biomass can be harvested annually using conventional

forage harvesters, the resulting mass can go directly to heat generation or be processed into briquettes/

pellets. It is recommended to grow it on unproductive soils that are not suitable for growing other crops.

Miscanthus Plant Collection (Miscanthus A.)

Miscanthus Reproduction

Method of

reproduction

Reproduction

coefficient

Cost

UAH/piece

Coefficient of

establishment, %

Yield of planting material

from 1 plant

over 1 year over 2 years

By rhizomas 10 0,5 95 10 100

By seedlings 1000 4,0 95 1000 1000

in vitro

Open soil

In Vitro Method of Reproduction of Miscanthus

Weight of

1000 seeds, g

Field

germination of

seeds, %

Seeding rate

kg/ha

Yield capacity

of seeds, kg/ha

Cost of seed,

UAN/kg

1,2 - 1,6 55 2,4-10 220 - 560 80

Seeds of Willowy Millet “Switchgrass”

9 sorts and hybrids :

• L. Kanlow

• L. Dacotach

• L. Nebraska

• L. Sunburst

• L. Alamo

• L. Forestburg • L. Cave-in-Rock

• L. Shelter

• L. Carthage

Willowy Millet (Panicum virgatum L.) is one of the perennial rhizocarpous crops that is grown in

order to obtain biomass. Plant ‘s height, depending on variety of climatic conditions, is 100 - 250 sm.

It concerns to C4 type of photosynthesis. It is notable for rationally usage of nitrogen and moisture.

The crop’s capacity ranges from 6 tons of dry matter in North European soils with low fertility to 25 tons

for South European soils with high fertility.

When it’s given good care, it gives yield for over 15 years. Willowy Millet comes from North

America, where in wild conditions it grows along 55º north latitude up to Mexico, mostly as prairie grass.

Since early 90s it is started considered as grass energy crop to produce ethanol and electricity in the

United States and Canada, as well as raw material for the pulp industry.

Willowy Millet Collection (Panicum virgatum)

Year of

growth

Number of stems,

pieces

Plant height,

cm

Diameter of

handles, cm

Length of

handles, cm

Multiplication

factor, pieces

1 year 1-2 1,4-1,6 0,6-1,0 25 5-8

2 year 2-3 2,8-3,0 1,4-1,8 25 15-20

Reproduction of Seedlings (Handles) of Energy Willow "Salix"

20 types of Energy Willow:

• S. Viminalis L.×S. Purpurea L.)×(S. Caspica Pall.×S. Caprea L.

• S. Viminalis L.

• S. Triandra L.

• S. Triandra L.

• S. Matsudana Vill.

• S. Cinerea L.

• S. Purpurea L.×S. Viminalis L.

• S. Caspica Pall.

• S. Viminalis L.×S. Acutifolia Mild.

• S. Acutifolia Mild.

• S. Alba L.

• S. Alba L.

• S. Uralensis L.

• S. Alba L. F. Splendes

• S. Caspica Pall.×S. Purpurea L.

• S. Integra×S. Acutifolia Mild.

• S. Repens L.

• S. Caspica Pall.×S. Caprea L.

• S. Cangensis L.

• S. Viminalis L.×S. Caprea L.

Genus of Willow (Salix L.)

combines woody dioecious

plants of a variety of shapes and

sizes, from mighty trees of 30 m

altitude and diameter of 1.3 m

(white willow) to small shrubs

(polar and Austrian willow).

Naturally in Ukraine there grow

20 species of willow.

Energy Willow (Salix) Collection

April 2011 August 2013

Energy Willow (Salix) (Handles planting and the second year of vegetation)

Row spacing in a plot (a), cm

Distance between plots (b = 2 m)

70 100 150

Number of plants, thousand pieces/ha 15 13 12

a

b

The scheme of planting

a

New Research Areas of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet (IBC&SB)

of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS)

The use of local renewable energy sources for state and municipal

transfer to biological fuels "Municipal bioenergetics ".

Research and development of technology for the processing of

organic biomass, agricultural wastes and specifically grown energy crops

biomass for production of solid biofuels.

Design and implementation of power equipment for production of

heat and power, based on fossil raw materials, thermal conversion and

low-speed plasma.

Creation of new varieties and hybrids of bioenergy crops, on using

of high yield genetically modified crops and genetic engineering.

An important element of technology for

biofuel production is the raw material

preparation. It influences on structural and

technological performance of heating

equipment, which significantly affects the

economic performance of its work.

Specialists of the institute conduct

researches on technology of moist granulation

and low-temperature pyrolysis of organic raw

materials.

Innovation Activities and New Research Directions in IBC&SB NAAS

Researches on the

development of second

generation biofuels from

bioenergy crops that are

embodied in the creation of

new technologies for biofuel

production and their burning.

Particularly, the burning of

organic material in a stream of

high-frequency plasma and

high-energy production of

synthesis gas.

Research on the plant

introduction of new high yield

bioenergy crops with emphasis

on the more complete potential

use of photosynthetic active

radiation (PAR) and integrated

use of all organic biomass for

production of different biofuels.

Growing of Bioenergy Crops by invitro method

CONCLUSIONS:

*Network of scientific research stations of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS Ukraine has in its possession the sufficient supply of land (within 3-5 thousand ha), also there is the scientific and technical potential for growing of large quantities of high yield plants, located at favorable soil and climatic zones for pilot projects.

* Priority in the field of bioenergy belongs to creation of nurseries for reproduction of seeds, seedlings, cuttings of bioenergy crops to obtain high quality products.

* It is investigated that the cultivation of traditional high yield energy crops (sugar beets, corn, sunflower) provides an average output power of 140-150 GJ / ha per year.

*Wood species for example (willow and poplar), characterized by intensive growth, give an average output power of 180-200 GJ / ha once every three years.

*Growing of new high yield bioenergy crops in Ukraine, for example, miscanthus, switchgrass, sugar sorghum can provide energy output for two years - 200-250 GJ / ha per year, which amounts to 30-40% more than traditional crops.

PROPOSALS

*The scientific staff of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar

Beet NAAS has the sufficient land fund and scientific

engineering potential in the implementation and execution of

pilot projects.

*Development of economic, energy and environmental feasibility

of technologies for biofuels production.

*Recommendations for making the right choice of specific and

varietal composition for growing of bioenergy crops, depending

on the region of cultivation, processing and end consumer.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!