Transcript of HEALTH PROMOTION Iluminada M. Lerma, M.D.. A planned combination of educational, political,...
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- HEALTH PROMOTION Iluminada M. Lerma, M.D.
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- A planned combination of educational, political, regulatory,
and organizational supports for actions and conditions of living
conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or communities. A
planned combination of educational, political, regulatory, and
organizational supports for actions and conditions of living
conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or communities.
DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH PROMOTION Green & Kreuter, 1999
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- The process of enabling people to increase control over and
improve their health The process of enabling people to increase
control over and improve their health a commitment to dealing with
challenges of reducing inequities, extending the scope of
prevention, and helping people to cope with their circumstances a
commitment to dealing with challenges of reducing inequities,
extending the scope of prevention, and helping people to cope with
their circumstances creating environments conducive to health, in
which people are better able to take care of themselves creating
environments conducive to health, in which people are better able
to take care of themselves DEFINITIONS OF HEALTH PROMOTION WHO,
1986
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- BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTH PROMOTION 1.Enabling people to
take control over, and responsibility for, their health as an
important component of everyday life. 2.Requiring the close
cooperation of sectors beyond the health services. 3.Combining
diverse, but complimentary, methods or approaches. 4.Encouraging
effective and concrete public participation. The Working Group on
Concepts and Principles in Health Promotion, 1987
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- THE TRIAD OF HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH
PROTECTION DISEASE PREVENTION
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- The Health Promotion Triad Health Education Health Protection
Prevention
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- DISEASE PREVENTION THREE LEVELS Primary Secondary Tertiary
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- Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Healthy individual
Biological onset of disease Risk Factors Immunization Health
Education Prophylaxis Screening Surveillance Rehabilitation Support
Asymptomatic signs Functional Status Symptoms and signs Diagnosis
Treatment Compliance Adherence The Phases of Prevention in relation
to natural history of disease Clinical Course of disease Chronic
disease Cure Disability Death Tertiary Prevention
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- PRIMARY PREVENTION -Action taken to avert the occurrence of
disease J. Thomas Butler, 2001 -Interventions: o Medical o
Legislative o Societal o Educational o Individual efforts
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- PRIMARY PREVENTION -The more directly a behavior is linked to a
health problem as a risk factor, the better candidate it is for
primary prevention efforts Simons-Morton, Greene, & Gottlieb,
1995
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- SECONDARY PREVENTION -Action taken to identify diseases at
their earliest stages and to apply appropriate treatments to limit
their consequences and severity. J. Thomas Butler, 2001
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- TERTIARY PREVENTION -Specific interventions to assist diseased
or disabled persons in limiting the effects of their diseases or
disabilities; also may include activities to prevent recurrences of
a disease. J. Thomas Butler, 2001
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- Prevention Prevention MedicalLegislativeSocietalEducational
Individual Efforts
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- HEALTH EDUCATION -Planned process, -Combines a variety of
educational experiences, and -Facilitates voluntary adaptations or
establishment of behaviour conducive to health J. Thomas Butler,
2001
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- HEALTH EDUCATION -Aims primarily at the voluntary actions
people can take on their own part, individually or collectively,
for their own health or the health of others and the common good of
the community Greene & Kreuter, 1999
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- Learning Domains
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- Cognitive Domain Aspect of health education that comprises
information and knowledge Aspect of health education that comprises
information and knowledge Information gained from health education
can be Information gained from health education can be A new
information A reinforcement
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- Psychomotor Domain Aspect of health education that deals with
skill acquisition and reinforcement Aspect of health education that
deals with skill acquisition and reinforcement
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- Affective Domain Aspect of health education that is mainly
concerned in Aspect of health education that is mainly concerned in
Habit formation Behavior change New practice
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- THREE MAIN PURPOSES OF HEALTH PROMOTION/EDUCATION IN TERMS
APPLICABLE TO THE THREE LEVELS OF PREVENTION -Promotion of health
and illness prevention -Restoration of health when one becomes ill
-Maintenance of health while coping with chronic, long-term
conditions Potter & Perry, 1993
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- THREE SPHERES Health Education Prevention Health Protection
SEVEN DOMAINS 1.Prevention 2.Lifestyle 3.Preventive Policies
4.Policy Maker Education 5. Health Education 6. Health Protection
7. Policy Support HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS
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- 1.Prevention (Preventive Services): This domain includes
primary preventive measures, such as immunization and exercise
programs, and secondary preventive measures, such as pap smears,
hypertension case-finding, and smoking cessation programs. This
domain includes primary preventive measures, such as immunization
and exercise programs, and secondary preventive measures, such as
pap smears, hypertension case-finding, and smoking cessation
programs.
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- 2.Lifestyle (Preventive Health Education) This includes
education efforts to influence lifestyle to prevent health- related
problems and to encourage the uptake of preventive services. This
includes education efforts to influence lifestyle to prevent
health- related problems and to encourage the uptake of preventive
services.
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- THREE SPHERES Health Education Prevention Health Protection
SEVEN DOMAINS 1.Prevention 2.Lifestyle 3.Preventive Policies
4.Policy Maker Education 5. Health Education 6. Health Protection
7. Policy Support HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS
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- 3.Preventive policies (Preventive Health Protection) This
sphere represents health protection, including fluoridation of
public water supplies and inspections of restaurants. This sphere
represents health protection, including fluoridation of public
water supplies and inspections of restaurants. It can be viewed as
a policy commitment to the provision of preventive services such as
those described under domain 1. It can be viewed as a policy
commitment to the provision of preventive services such as those
described under domain 1.
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- THREE SPHERES Health Education Prevention Health Protection
SEVEN DOMAINS 1.Prevention 2.Lifestyle 3.Preventive Policies
4.Policy Maker Education 5. Health Education 6. Health Protection
7. Policy Support HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS
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- 4.Policy maker education (Health Education for Preventive
Health Protection) Given that health protection measures do not
emerge spontaneously, education of policy makers is important.
Given that health protection measures do not emerge spontaneously,
education of policy makers is important. Example of this is the
lobbying by safety- conscious groups to encourage mandated use of
automobile seat belts in the face of much public apathy. Example of
this is the lobbying by safety- conscious groups to encourage
mandated use of automobile seat belts in the face of much public
apathy.
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- Efforts to stimulate a social environment that demands or
accepts preventive health protection measures are also part of this
domain (Downie, Tannahill, & Tannahill, 1996), Efforts to
stimulate a social environment that demands or accepts preventive
health protection measures are also part of this domain (Downie,
Tannahill, & Tannahill, 1996), As is a policy commitment to
preventive health education. As is a policy commitment to
preventive health education.
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- THREE SPHERES Health Education Prevention Health Protection
SEVEN DOMAINS 1.Prevention 2.Lifestyle 3.Preventive Policies
4.Policy Maker Education 5. Health Education 6. Health Protection
7. Policy Support HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS
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- 5.Health education (Positive Health Education) This domain
comprises all aspects of positive health education, including
influencing behavior by helping individuals, groups, or whole
communities develop positive health attributes, such as life skills
and self- esteem. This domain comprises all aspects of positive
health education, including influencing behavior by helping
individuals, groups, or whole communities develop positive health
attributes, such as life skills and self- esteem.
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- -Health promotion encompasses health education...and is aimed
at the complementary social and political actions that will
facilitate the necessary organizational, economic, and other
environmental supports for the conversion of individual actions
into health enhancements and quality of life-gains. Greene &
Kreuter, 1999
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- 6.Health protection (Positive Health Protection) This domain
includes implementation of a workplace policy forbidding smoking,
graduated drivers licenses, and commitment of public funds to
provide safe-walking areas and bicycles paths. This domain includes
implementation of a workplace policy forbidding smoking, graduated
drivers licenses, and commitment of public funds to provide
safe-walking areas and bicycles paths.
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- 7.Policy support (Health Education Aimed At Positive Health
Protection) This domain embraces raising awareness of, and securing
support for, positive health protection measures among the public
and policy makers. This domain embraces raising awareness of, and
securing support for, positive health protection measures among the
public and policy makers. It includes a policy commitment to
positive health. It includes a policy commitment to positive
health.
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- THREE SPHERES Health Education Prevention Health Protection
SEVEN DOMAINS 1.Prevention 2.Lifestyle 3.Preventive Policies
4.Policy Maker Education 5. Health Education 6. Health Protection
7. Policy Support HEALTH PROMOTION MODELS
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- HEALTH PROTECTION -Comprises legal or fiscal controls, other
regulation policies, and voluntary codes of practice, aimed at the
enhancement of positive health and the prevention of ill- health J.
Thomas Butler, 2001
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- HEALTH PROTECTION MISSION reduce the likelihood that people
will encounter environmental hazards or behave in unsafe or
unhealthy ways. Downie, Tannahill, & Tannahill, 1996
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- Health Protection Philippine Medical Act of 1959 Philippine
Medical Act of 1959 PHILHEALTH PHILHEALTH Generics Law; National
Drug Policy and Formulary Generics Law; National Drug Policy and
Formulary Dangerous Drugs Act Dangerous Drugs Act Cheaper Medicine
Bill Cheaper Medicine Bill Code of Sanitation of the Philippines
Code of Sanitation of the Philippines
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- Health Protection Disability Act Disability Act Senior Citizens
Law Senior Citizens Law Child Protection Laws and Policies Child
Protection Laws and Policies Clean Air Act Clean Air Act MMDA Waste
Management Policies MMDA Waste Management Policies
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- Strategies HEALTH PROMOTION
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- Strategies Educational Interventions Educational Interventions
Organizational Interventions Organizational Interventions
Political/ Legislative Interventions Political/ Legislative
Interventions Community and Social Interventions Community and
Social Interventions Economic Interventions Economic
Interventions
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- Educational Interventions Stress management classes for middle-
management employees in the workplace Stress management classes for
middle- management employees in the workplace Mail-outs to the
public describing positive steps a person can take to reduce
exposure to HIV Mail-outs to the public describing positive steps a
person can take to reduce exposure to HIV Educational programs
designed to reduce personal vulnerability to crime Educational
programs designed to reduce personal vulnerability to crime Primary
school programs to develop the skills to cope with peer pressure
Primary school programs to develop the skills to cope with peer
pressure
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- Organizational Interventions Annual hearing and vision
screening in schools Annual hearing and vision screening in schools
Automobile, bicycle, and firearm safety programs conducted by law
enforcement agencies Automobile, bicycle, and firearm safety
programs conducted by law enforcement agencies Identification of
designated smoking areas and development of a smoking policy in a
worksite Identification of designated smoking areas and development
of a smoking policy in a worksite Official recognition by business
management of alcoholism as a disease and not a weakness in
character Official recognition by business management of alcoholism
as a disease and not a weakness in character Development of support
groups by nonprofit organizations and facilities that provide
services to people with special needs Development of support groups
by nonprofit organizations and facilities that provide services to
people with special needs
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- Political/ Legislative Interventions Passage of laws requiring
use of helmets while riding motorcycles and bicycles Passage of
laws requiring use of helmets while riding motorcycles and bicycles
Legislation requiring environmental polluters to measure their
pollution and implement effective plans to reduce the pollution
Legislation requiring environmental polluters to measure their
pollution and implement effective plans to reduce the pollution
Fluoridation of the water supply Fluoridation of the water supply
Regulations requiring agencies and companies to monitor air
pollution and governmental actions to reduce it Regulations
requiring agencies and companies to monitor air pollution and
governmental actions to reduce it Regulations aimed at reducing
youth access to tobacco products and alcohol Regulations aimed at
reducing youth access to tobacco products and alcohol
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- Community and Social Interventions Organization and training of
out of school youth to reduce vulnerability to sex or drug crimes
Organization and training of out of school youth to reduce
vulnerability to sex or drug crimes Formation of neighborhood
walking clubs Formation of neighborhood walking clubs Health fairs
at shopping malls Health fairs at shopping malls
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- Economic Interventions Tax incentives to landlords of
low-income housing to encourage maintenance of property and
reduction of pest infestation Tax incentives to landlords of
low-income housing to encourage maintenance of property and
reduction of pest infestation Incentives from insurance companies
to those who practice healthy lifestyles Incentives from insurance
companies to those who practice healthy lifestyles Incentives from
employers to employees who stay healthy and do not miss work
Incentives from employers to employees who stay healthy and do not
miss work
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- THANK YOU VERY MUCH THANK YOU VERY MUCH& GOOD DAY!