UNITI

Lesson : 1

A Healthy Environment

A Healthy You….

Good Health is not something that can be bought, nor a condition that can be regained easily after getting sick.

Its your responsibility to make your body healthy.

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Who Should Conduct the Healthy Check-up?

Handles the medical

examination of students.

DOCTOR

DENTISTResponsible for the

dental examination of the students.

Assist the doctor and the dentists. She also manage the school clinic.

NURSE

Helps detect changes in the physical and emotional well-being of the students.

TEACHER

What Should Be Check Regularly?

Eye ExaminationThe eye is the organ of sight. Its our most important organ for viewing our world . Sight is our precious sense and many people fear blindness more than any other disability.

Doctors recommend that everyone should have an eye examination at least one year. This should be given by an ophthalmologist.

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EarsThe ear is the sense organ that makes it possible for us to hear. Hearing enables us to communicate with another through speech. It also alert us to danger and provides pleasure.

Hearing ability is tested through the use of tuning fork, stop watch or a whisper.

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TeethThe mouth and teeth are use to communicate with other people. They play very important roles in speech and digestion.

The dental examination must be done once every six months or twice a year.

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Height and WeightMore people today are conscious about their growth and development..

Height is measured using meter stick which is placed against the wall.Weight is measured by a weighing scale. Barefooted, the students stands on the scale and let another student read the recorded weight.

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Blood pressure

Blood pressure is the force of the blood pulsing against the walls or arteries

Measuring the blood pressure is important. I determines whether the pressure of your blood is at normal level.

Pulse Rate

Counting the pulse rate is done when the person is at rest. Place the index finger and the middle finger near the wrist. If you cannot feel the pulse on the wrist, locate the carotid artery at the neck and press gently. Count the beats for one minute. The average normal rate is 70-90 beats per second.

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Importance of Sanitary Housing

Lesson II

Housing Or Shelter

Is one of the basic needs of people. It plays an important role in molding people to become productive members of the society. Thus , it necessary to have clean, comfortable dwellings.

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Importance Of Sanitary Housing

Shelter and Protection

The house must be safe from wild animals and unwelcome trespassers, including criminals. It should also provide protection from heat of the sun, storms, earthquake and other natural calamities.

Comfort and Convenience

Adequate housing should provided. Equipment and facilities needed by the family like chairs, tables, beds, toilet and kitchen utensils should be available.

Relaxation and Recreation

A house should provide a place for rest and relaxation after a day’s work. It should also be an appropriate place for social activities and recreation.

PrivacyMembers of the family are entitled to have a place

of their own. Thus, houses should be built with rooms, partition or dividers. Windows and doors should also be provided.

Inadequate housing, however , becomes a problem especially to people who have no jobs. people resort to squatting on government or private land. They also occupy the slums areas along the riverbanks or creeks. As a result, people in the community find themselves entangled in multiple problems.

Excreta and Sewage Disposal

Excreta Disposal without water carriage1) Sanitary pit privy- sewage disposal method,

which includes the pit type, Antipolo type and the vault type.

a) Pit type- a hole measuring from 12-18 meters deep.

b) Antipolo type- the pit is elevated to the same level as the main building of the house, thereby affording convenience of use.

c) Vault type- the pit is provided with a small watertight vault to receive the waste.

Bored-hole latrine

It consist s of a relatively deep hole bored into earth about 10-18 Inches in Diameter and 15-35 feet deep. The hole is provided with a cover and an open slot top.

Cat-Hole

The simplest method of disposing human excreta. A h0le is excavated in the earth, then the user squats on it and covers the feces when through.

Water-sealed latrine

It also called the pour-flushed or hand-flush latrine. This is modified pit privy with simple bowl made of concrete materials instead of a mere opening on the floor. This prevent flies and rodent from getting into the fecal materials.

Chemical toilet

Utilizes the principles of liquification of organic matter by the use of caustic chemicals. A metal tank, 500 gallons in capacity, is the device use for excreta deposits.

Receptacle privy

Called the pail system, wherein a watertight receptacle is provided for the accumulation and storage of the fecal materials and collected for proper disposal. This type is commonly used in the city.

Overhung latrine

It consists of superstructure provided with the latrine built on the top of wooden piles above the water and connected to the main building by s catwalk or bridge.

Excreta disposal with water carriage

1) Septic toilet – also called septic privy. It consist of watertight tank filled with water into which the fecal materials is discharged.

2) Septic tank system- it is where a satisfactory unit of excreta and other liquid waste disposal are discharged in areas where water under pressure is available.

Keeping the home clean and Orderly1) Have a receptacle for garbage at strategic

places concurrent to all members of the family.

2) Keep cleaning the materials and other tools in a hidden, convenient place.

3) Prevent others from throwing garbage in a drainage and ESTEROS.

4) Remove dried leaves, mud, stone, and weeds from gutters.

5) Sweep streets and surroundings daily.

Contamination and Food Poisoning

Lesson III

Family health should be the outermost responsibility of every members of the family. That is why in the previous lesson, we presented and discussed methods and strategies on how to maintain and safeguard the health of the family through satisfactory sanitary housekeeping and proper disposal of excreta.

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Excreta-Transmitted Disease

Human excreta has been linked to certain intestinal diseases and parasite.

Colitis-The irritation of the large intestine.

Diarrhea-The chief Symptoms of inflammation of the intestine due to indiscretion in eating and drinking.

Typhoid fever-an acute, life-threatening illnesses caused by the bacterium SALMONELLA E. TYPHI.

Bacillary dysentery- a bowel disease caused by the germs of the SHIGELLA group of bacteria.

Cholera-an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium VIBRO CHOLERAE.

10 Desirable health practices to prevent the spread of diseases

1) Wash hands before and after eating, and after going to the toilet.

2) Trim and clean the fingernails regularly.3) Use plastic bags or gloves in cultivating the soil.4) Boil water especially if you do not know where it

came from.5) Cover food properly to avoid flies and other insects.6) Avoid buying foods sold along sidewalks.7) Wash raw vegetables thoroughly to prevent food

poisoning.8) Avoid eating fish and seafood that come from

polluted rivers.9) Maintain good heath and resistance through proper

rest, exercise, sleep, balance diet and periodic health check-up.

10)Maintain proper disposal of human waste to prevent flies, rats, dogs and other animals from getting into the waste materials.

Diseases Spread through food ContaminationA) Food-borne infections -The diseases are produced by living

organism entering the body through the food we eat. Bacteria, viruses, protozoa like amoeba and parasitic worms like ‘‘ascaris’’ and trichinella are among the causative agents.

Examples of food-borne diseases are:1) Typhoid-fever 4) Salmonellosis2) Cholera 5) Steptococcal

infection3) Bacillary dysentery 6) Amoebic dysentery

B) Food intoxication or food poisoning -Food poisoning is caused by substance

called TOXINS. The toxins may come from certain species of the bacterium STAPHYLOCCOCUS, which are not destroyed even by cooking.

-Botulism or food poisoning resulting from the toxin produced by clostridium botulinum, a bacterium found in spoiled canned goods, is an example.

-Some mushrooms, mussels, plants and fishes can also cause food poisoning.

Six Health practices to prevent contamination and food poisoning

1) Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before preparing food and immediately after handling raw meat and poultry.

2) Always rinse vegetables and fruits before eating or cooking.

3) Wash cutting boards and utensils used on raw meat before using them on other food.

4) Thaw frozen poultry completely before cooking.

5) Be careful with what you eat at salad bars, cafeterias, buffets, etc.

6) Store leftovers in the refrigerator and picnic food in coolers. Store raw and cooked food separately.

Primary health Care

Lesson IV

Government agencies responsible for promoting the heath and safety of people provide quality health care and take steps to ensure the safety of all concerned. Yet, environmental problems still exist. Uncollected garbage emit foul odor and became breeding grounds for rats, flies, worms and other disease-carrying organisms. Polluted rivers can no longer be used. During the rainy season, metropolis and other regions suffer flash floods, affecting the lives and health of the people.

Cooperation and support from the community, the family and individuals are crucial for the attainment of these goals. Each individuals can actively participate in both public and private heath initiatives by:

1) Promoting a healthy lifestyle such as: a) healthy diet and nutrition b) personal hygiene c) physical activity and fitness d)mental health e)preventing smoking and substance abuse2) Promoting the health and nutrition of families.3) Promoting environmental health and

sustainable development for a healthy home, school, work place and community.

The elements of primary Health care

Assistance for sufficient food and proper nutrition.

Assistance in providing clean water that is safe from contamination.

Maternal and child care and family planning.

Immunization against comunicable diseases.

Prevention and control of diseases spreading in the community.

Proper care of ordinary diseases and disabilities.

Provision and proper use of medicines and medicinal plants.

The following are some of the projects in the barangay where participation is necessary for the projects to succeed.Preparation and arrangement of the barangay.Survey on the primary health and social and

livelihood needs of barangays.Participation of in health projects such as:a)Cleaning canalsb)Making compostsc)Building water-sealed toiletsd)Planting medicinal plants in the backyarde)Creating income-generating projectsf)Proper care of the health equipments

*Rural health family planning center-dispenses pills and supervises IUD insertion-facilitates treatment and management of common

illnesses-attends to emergency care-conducts pre-marital counseling*Department of social welfare and development-conducts population awareness and sex education

activities for out-of-school youth-provides counseling to couples of reproductive age*Puericulture Centers, Clinics-provide treatment*Community health centers-Conducts ‘‘operation timbang’’-conducts surveillance of public health problems in the

community and makes referrals.