Post on 15-Jan-2016
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Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Harmonization of European Surveys
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, DestCOST Action TU 0804Survey Harmonization with New Technologies Improvement (SHANTI)
TRB 2012 session n°483 National Travel Surveys in Transition: International Perspective Jan 24 2012 8:00AM- 9:45AM
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Contents
National Travel Surveys (NTS) in Europe
An important issue: Periodicity
Periodicity
Updating the description of NTS
Objectives
Definitions
Sampling
Households or Individuals
Daily or Long distance mobility
Survey design
A growing interest from local authorities
Toward an European Travel Surveys?
Conclusions
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Travel Surveys
At local level: exist all over the world at (urban or regional)
At national level: mainly in Europe• In Europe: The Netherlands, Great Britain, Germany,
Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Italy, Spain, France, Norway, Belgium, Switzerland
• No NTS since mid-90‘s: Austria, Luxembourg (but planned in a near future)
• Out of Europe: USA, New Zealand and South Africa
Let us focus on Nationwide surveys mainly about daily mobility
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Objectives
Most of the time to analyze mobility behaviors:
•Travel description is the main one
•Long term trends is important for subsequent surveys
e.g. Finland since 1985, but Spain only since 2006/07
•Planning and sustainable mobility is secondary
e.g. Denmark since 2006, Finland since 1998, not yet in Spain, The
Netherlands, Sweden
•Modeling is important in Spain and Sweden, in Finland since 1998
and Denmark Since 2006
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Trip-based or Activity-based
- Generally Trip-based
- Activity-based: Belgium, The Netherlands
Only Denmark switched from activity to trip-based
Stages described: France before 1990
only a list of modes used: Germany (MiD), USA, in France after 1990
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Sampling
Sample drawn from: •Population Register: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Spain,
Germany, Sweden •Census: France, Switzerland •List of Phone numbers: USA (inc. mobile phones in 2008/9)
Stratification according to geographic criteria,
+ type of household: Spain, Belgium
+ car ownership: France
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Households or Individuals
Statistical Unit (selection): •Individual: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Italy•Household: Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany (MOP), France, Spain, Great Britain, Switzerland and USA
All members of the household are interviewed: Belgium, Great Britain, The Netherlands, Germany, USA, Spain in 2000/01 not in 2006/07
Age limits: •None : Spain, The Netherlands, Germany (MiD)•Generally >= 6 years except in Denmark (>=10)•Proxy often permitted <15
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Daily or Long distance mobility
A longer time period is necessary for long distance• Generally 1 month, except 3 months (France, Germany
(MiD)) and Belgium (12 months)• No specific questionnaire in The Netherlands,• only in 2001/02 for USA
Definition: • Generally trips >100km (80 km craw-flight)• Journey with an overnight stay: Denmark, Germany (MiD),
Switzerland, Spain
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Survey design
•All Computer Assisted since 1998
•Almost everywhere CATI surveys•+ web (sub-sample): Denmark, Germany (MiD), The Netherlands•Face-to face: France (CAPI in 2007/8), Spain (daily mobility), Belgium
(sub-sample)• Mailback: Finland till 1992, Germany (5% of MiD in 2008), Great
Britain (1 week diary)
Geocoding: •a posteriori, except Denmark and USA•Computer Assisted : France 2007/8, Sweden 2005•Large scale GPS experiment: France 2007/8
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Country Continuous survey Survey dates
The Netherlands since 1978Great Britain from 1989 1985/6, 1978/9, 1975/76, 1972/3, 1965/6German Mobility Panel
since 1994
Denmark1992-2003 and since 2006 1986, 1981, 1975
Sweden
1994-2001, start again in 2010
2005; 2003 (communication survey); 1985, 1978
Finland No 2004/5, 1998/9, 1992, 1986, 1980, 1974
Italy No 2004/5, 1995Spain No 2006, 2000 France No 2007/08, 1993/94, 1981/82, 1973/74, 1966/67Germany 2008, 2002, 1989, 1982, 1976USA No 2008/9, 2001/2, 1995, 1990, 1983, 1977, 1969Norway No 2009, 2005, 2001, 1998, 1992, 1985Belgium No 2009, 1999 Switzerland No 2010, 2005, 2000, 1994, 1989, 1979, 1974
Periodicity
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
An important issue: Periodicity
One-off surveys are subject to unpredictable events e.g. strike, bad weather conditions
They don't allow to make a clear distinction between: – long term trends– economic fluctuations
e.g. peak of fuel price in mid-2008, recession in 2008/09
But it is difficult to avoid a decline in response rate and of survey quality specially for continuous survey
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
A growing interest from local authorities
• permanent involvement of Transport Ministries• with growing support from Research Institutes• but less interest from the National Bureau of Statistics
An increasing demand for local add-ons: • USA 2008/9: 5/6 of the sample• representative at regional level in the Netherlands since late 90's• France: 5% in 1993/94, 43% in 2007/08• about half of the sample in Belgium and Germany (MiD), • New Panel Surveys (MOP) for Frankfort, Manheim and Stuttgart
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
How comparable are they?
Several European Countries have established a long tradition in household travel surveys.
But :– Often influenced by cultural, geographic and
administrative backgrounds of the country. – Often, these surveys have proven useful within the
borders of each country,
While on the other hand, there are comparability problems over the national borders due to differences in methodology, definitions and contents
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Toward an European Travel Surveys?
Eurostat is faced with a demand for harmonized travel data
Eurostat wishes to run a pan-European travel survey on mobility (about 2014) and on a longer term: wishes to run a mandatory collection based on legislation.
But how to run a pan-European travel survey that satisfy all countries (including those having a long tradition of national travel surveys)?
Jimmy Armoogum, Ifsttar, Dest – TRB 2012
Opportunities with new technologies
Mobile communication technologies including GPS (GALILEO), GSM and Radio Data System (RDS) demonstrate great potential as survey instruments for tracking
individual travel behaviour as well as freight movement provide more accurate data on the spatial and temporal
framework of travel, with a relative low burden for interviewees. allow surveying during longer period prices are decreasing
We are at a turning point to propose guidelines towards an European harmonised travel surveys