UTMUNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

INJURY IN SPORTS – SPR INJURY IN SPORTS – SPR 38023802

Hand & Elbow InjuriesHand & Elbow InjuriesPEI SHIEN PEI SHIEN AP090245AP090245

FARIZA FARIZA AP080205AP080205

NADIA NADIA AP090143AP090143

AISYAH AISYAH AP090190AP090190

ANIS ANIS AP090114AP090114

Anatomy of The ElbowAnatomy of The Elbow

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•Humerus – consist of biceps & triceps muscle

•Ulna - on the medial (little finger) side

• Radius - on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm

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Anatomy of The ElbowAnatomy of The Elbow

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Anatomy of The ElbowAnatomy of The ElbowElbow described as “three joint in one capsule”

Humeroulnarjoint

Humeroradialjoint

Proximal radioulnar joint

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Anatomy of The ElbowAnatomy of The Elbow

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Anatomy of The ElbowAnatomy of The Elbow

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Anatomy of The ElbowAnatomy of The Elbow

INJURIES TO THE INJURIES TO THE ELBOWELBOW

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Injuries to the ElbowInjuries to the Elbow

Epicondylitis• Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) Causes :

- repetitive motions of the forearm

- faulty techniques or mechanics, weak muscle group, and inappropriate equipment

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• the following maneuvers can lead to tennis elbow:

 1) One-handed backhand with poor form,

2) A late forehand swing resulting in

bending the wrist significantly, 3) Snapping and turning the wrist while

serving with full power.10

• Lateral Epicondylitis(Tennis Elbow) Signs : - inflammation of the tendons

- causing pain at lateral site during and after activity

- pain at extension of wrist and full extension of elbow

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• Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) Treatment : - R.I.C.E

- Anti-inflammatory medications (aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen (Naprosyn), diclofenac (Voltaren), and ibuprofen (Motrin)

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• Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow) Causes : - overuse of the wrist flexor-pronator

muscles

- repetitive and prolonged strain on the forearm muscles, coupled with inadequate rest, will tend to strain and overwork those muscles.

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• Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow) Signs : -pain and soreness due to inflammation and tendon changes on the inside of the elbow

-Weakness, stiffness and a general restriction of movement

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• Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow) Treatment : - R.I.C.E

- heat and massage removing scar tissue and speeding up the healing process of the muscles and tendons

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Elbow Dislocation Causes : - occurs usually because of:

- Fall- Direct blow- Often involves an associated

fracture of the Radius, Humerus or Ulna. - falling onto an outstretched hand

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Injuries to the ElbowInjuries to the Elbow

Complete dislocation Partial dislocation/Subluxation

-the joint surfaces are completely separated.

-the bones can spontaneously relocate and the joint may appear fairly normal.  

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Injuries to the ElbowInjuries to the Elbow

Elbow Dislocation

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Symptoms

Obvious Deformity (more in complete dislocations)

Obvious Deformity (more in complete dislocations)

Extreme PainExtreme Pain

Swelling Swelling

Bruising on the inside and outside of the elbowBruising on the inside and outside of the elbow

Elbow Dislocation Treatment :

-Rest. Give your elbow complete

rest -Apply ice or cold therapy to the elbow. -Put the elbow in a sling -DO NOT attempt to 'pop it back in' yourself! This can cause further damage.

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Injuries to the ElbowInjuries to the Elbow

Elbow Dislocation Treatment : - MRI or X-ray may be performed

(sometimes before, sometimes after reduction)

- rehabilitation (Exercise) - Nonsurgical Treatment - Surgical Treatment

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Injuries to the ElbowInjuries to the Elbow

Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture Causes : -deformity of the hand, fingers, and

wrist caused by injury to the muscles of the forearm

-occurs when there is a lack of blood flow (ischemia) to the forearm

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Injuries to the ElbowInjuries to the Elbow

- crush injury or fracture, can lead to swelling that presses on blood vessels and can decrease blood flow to the arm

-A prolonged decrease in blood flow will injure the nerves and muscles, causing them to become stiff (scarred) and shortened.

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Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture Signs : - Pain when the doctor moves the

fingers up and down - forearm may be very swollen and

shiny - Decreased sensation - Paleness of the skin - Weakness

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Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture Treatment : - early surgery to release the pressure

in the forearm - splints used to extend the fingers

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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist. Causes : - Traumatic wrist injuries

- Repetitive use of the wrist - Pregnancy - Use of vibrating machinery - Congenital - Arthritis

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Injuries to the HandInjuries to the Hand

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Feel ache in the wrist and forearm. - Pain spread into the thumb and four

fingers. - Feel burning in the hand or four

fingers. - Pain which is worse at night. - Pain may spread into the forearm,

elbow and shoulder. - Weakness in the fingers and hands.

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Injuries to the HandInjuries to the Hand

How to diagnose Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

- Tunnel sign - Phalanges test

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Injuries to the HandInjuries to the Hand

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment : - Cold Therapy - Ibuprofen - Stretching and Strengthening

Exercises - Acupunctures - Corticosteroids - Operation

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Injuries to the HandInjuries to the Hand

Elbow Injury AssessmentElbow Injury Assessment

History Observation Palpation Range of Motion Resisted Muscle Tests

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Palpation

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Elbow Injury AssessmentElbow Injury Assessment

Range of Motion (ROM)

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Elbow Injury AssessmentElbow Injury Assessment

Normal range of motion at the elbow from extension to flexion

Normal range of supination and pronation at the elbow

Limited Motion. Supination 45 degree

Resisted Muscle Tests

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Elbow Injury AssessmentElbow Injury Assessment

Assessing flexion strength at the elbowAssessing flexion strength at the elbow

Examination for tennis elbowExamination for tennis elbow

Determining the strength of extensionDetermining the strength of extension

• Wear a proper brace.

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Elbow Injury PreventionElbow Injury Prevention

• Warm up properly(General stretching)

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Elbow Injury PreventionElbow Injury Prevention

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Elbow Injury PreventionElbow Injury Prevention

• Warm up properly(General stretching)

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Elbow Injury PreventionElbow Injury Prevention

• Warm up properly(General stretching)

• Know your body.• Change up your routine.

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Elbow Injury PreventionElbow Injury Prevention

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