Post on 10-Nov-2014
description
GREEN HOMES : Promotion of Sustainable Housing in Nepal
EUROPEAN UNION
Dr. Santosh Shrestha
EUROPEAN UNION
2
the context
EUROPEAN UNION
The context
• The rapid urbanisation demands lots of housing stock in urban areas.
3
1970
RURAL
63%
URBAN
37%
2000 2030
RURAL
53%
URBAN
47%
RURAL
40%
URBAN
60%
EUROPEAN UNION
The context
4
EUROPEAN UNION
The context
• Buildings account for more than 1/3rd of total energy use worldwide (UNEP, SBCI, 2008)
• Buildings are responsible for approximately 30% of greenhouse gas emissions in cities worldwide (OECD report)
• Energy use and carbon emissions occur at different stages of the building cycle
5
EUROPEAN UNION
The context - Nepal
6
1
2
3
Additional need of 1 million urban houses from 2011-21
To meet the need for housing,
55 billion bricks i.e. more than 230,000 tera-joule energy
High Urban Growth 4.7 % annual growth more 60% population growth in KTM
Kathmandu - the most densely populated and unplanned region in Nepal,
EUROPEAN UNION
Urbanization
7
Year Built-up area
Increase rate
ha % %
1967 2,010 2.9
1978 3,362 4.9 67
1991 6,313 9.2 88
2000 9,717 14.2 54
2011 16,216 24.7 67
• Unplanned rapid urbanization is the major issue of the development
of Kathmandu Valley. The figures shown below clearly show this
situation.
Unplanned rapid urbanization is the major issue
of the development of Kathmandu Valley. The
figures shown below clearly show this situation.
EUROPEAN UNION
Construction Practices
8
8
From GREEN towards GREY
EUROPEAN UNION
9
Construction Practices - trends & Impact
EUROPEAN UNION
Conventional Buildings
10
.
• Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources
• High embodied energy and High CO2 emission
• Do not perform well in severe temperatures (Hot in the Summer and cold in Winter)
• Need high cost for heating and cooling as well
as retrofitting
• Costly construction
EUROPEAN UNION
Pollution
• Most polluted city
• Major source - construction industry
11
EUROPEAN UNION
Climate Change Impact
• Kathmandu - most vulneable city (NAPA)
12
heat island effect in Kathmandu including high population density and
land use changes
Kathmandu, is subject to
heat island effect as part of
its micro-scale climate
controls.
EUROPEAN UNION
13
EUROPEAN UNION
Natural Resources Depletion
14
EUROPEAN UNION
Problems
15
EUROPEAN UNION
• The water crisis, the energy crisis, the waste and waste water management challenges
• The bigger challenge is increasing middle class who are so much attracted by the 'western' lifestyle.
• The import of 'luxuries' will be in the expense of high carbon footprints, and the burden of cleaning it.
• This will destroy the local economy that otherwise would have served the ecosystem
16
Why green homes?
EUROPEAN UNION
Conventional Buildings
17
Need to optimize the use of steel, concrete and fire-brick
as well as water
To enhance sustainability and adapting climate change impacts,
TYPICAL LOW RISE BUILDING
EUROPEAN UNION
18
By choosing sustainable building
practices in designing, constructing
and operating and making our home
"greener," we can easily minimize
pollution, protect the natural
environment, and create a healthy,
comfortable, non-hazardous home for
us without putting undue stress on
our natural resources.
Needs
Need
EUROPEAN UNION
19
What is green homes?
EUROPEAN UNION
20
Green Homes??
EUROPEAN UNION
21
Green Homes??
EUROPEAN UNION
22
Green Homes??
EUROPEAN UNION
23
Green Homes??
• Local and traditional houses
EUROPEAN UNION
designed, built, and operated to efficiently
maximize resources and creating less of an
impact on the environment.
use of local material and natural resources in such away that they meet the economic, social and cultural needs, but not depleting or degrading these resources to the point that they cannot meet these needs for future generations
assures comfort for human health
sustainable, as well as cost effective to own
and operate
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
What are Green Homes
Green Homes emit lesser greenhouse gases, consume less energy, use
less water, product less waste and offer occupants healthier
environments than do typical buildings.
EUROPEAN UNION
25
Green Building
• We are talking about the five eternal elements, the Panch Tatwo
o earth o water o fire o air o sky
Efficiently using
energy, water and
other resources
Reducing waste, pollution and
environmental degradation
Protecting occupants'
health
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
EUROPEAN UNION
GREEN HOMES Promotion of sustainable Housing in Nepal
EUROPEAN UNION
CSEB Hollow concrete block Strawbale
Earth rammed
Bamboo
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
Green
Construction
Materials
EUROPEAN UNION
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
Passive Solar
Design
28
EUROPEAN UNION
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
Energy
Efficiency
29
EUROPEAN UNION
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
Water
Conservation
30
EUROPEAN UNION
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
Waste
Management
31
EUROPEAN UNION
32
how are we addressing it?
EUROPEAN UNION
Getting to Green Homes
33
Sustainable
Consumption
& Production
UN-Habitat mandate
Climate Change
EUROPEAN UNION
How are we addressing it?
• Supply chain analysis
• Capacity building
• Policy facilitation
34
Green Homes •Facilitation
Consumer •Price
•Quality •Availability •Reliability
Producer •Technology
•Human Resource •Investment
•Policy framework
EUROPEAN UNION
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
SO1
Create enabling policy environment to promote
sustainable housing
SO3 Stimulating demand
for sustainable housing
SO2 Strengthen supply
chain for sustainable housing and build capacity
of SMEs
Public Sector
Producers Consumers
Green Homes Project Area
36
Pokhara
Sub-metropolitan City
Dharan Municipality
Lalitpur
Sub-metropolitan City
Green Homes: Promoting Sustainable Housing in Nepal
EUROPEAN UNION
37
Policy/Guidelines/Code
EUROPEAN UNION
Current Policy in Nepal
• The present Constitution of Nepal guarantees the right to clean environment and several environment related Acts and regulations
• Nepal’s Climate Change Policy (2011) is advocating low carbon development and adaptation plans to address the need of climate resilient development
• Urban development is one of the six thematic areas identified under NAPA and the programme suggests for promoting Climate Smart Urban Settlements as one of its priority activity
• National Shelter Policy (2012) also takes into account low carbon development in housing and promotes renewable as well as energy-efficient solutions
38
EUROPEAN UNION
Nepal National Building Codes
• No any separate building code
• Focus on conventional building practices
• Limited incorporation of Green building components
• Some green components are considered as a low cost/strength technologies which is creating negative messages.
39
EUROPEAN UNION
Policy and Guidelines
• Recent Initiatives
40
EUROPEAN UNION
Policy needs
• More specific policies and detail guidelines related to sustainable housing as a whole.
• Provision for eco-friendly housing in National Building Codes
• At municipal level, both adaptation and mitigation measures into municipal planning and service delivery to promote sustianble housing
41
EUROPEAN UNION
Challenges
• No enough studies and research in Nepal context.
Lack of data
Proper technology
Human resources
• Green initiatives - project basic (NGOs & INGOs)
• Unversities and academic institues are mainly focused on conventional technologies
• Engineer mind-set
42
EUROPEAN UNION
Joint Initiative of GoN & Green Homes Project
• DUDBC is reviewing the Draft Green Building Guideline (GBG)
• Coordination Committee of Green Home Project
Detail GB Guidelines (Users/Technical Guidelines) and Green Building code
Conduct necessary research for GBG
Incorporated Green Homes Components in By-laws (Dharan)
Supported to incorporate Green Homes Components in Municiaplities' Planning
Developed incentive mechanism
43
Municipalities - Dharan , Pokhara & Lalitpur
EUROPEAN UNION
44
the partnership
EUROPEAN UNION
The partners
• Overall implementation
• Training/capacity building
• Water and waste mgmt.
• Energy and Climate Change
• Green building
• SME mobilisation
EUROPEAN UNION
46
Thank you