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OH MY GODS!!!!

Greek and Roman Mythology

 A Review of

The Principal Gods and Goddesses

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What is a myth?

 A traditional story rooted in primitivefolk beliefs of cultures

Uses the supernatural to interpretnatural events

Explains the culture’s view of the

universe and the nature of humanity

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In the beginning...

…was Chaos (shapeless nothingness) 

Chaos had two children:

 – Night (darkness)

 – Erebus (death)

 “All was black, empty, silent, endless.”  

Mysteriously, Love was born ofdarkness and death.

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 And then...

When Love was born, order and beautybegan to flourish.

Love created Light and Day.

Earth was created.

 – She was the solid ground, but also a

personality.

The Earth bore Heaven to cover herand be a home for the gods.

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The First Parents

Mother Earth = Gaea (Gaia)

Father Heaven = Ouranos (Uranus)

They had three kinds of children:

 – Three monsters with 100 hands and 50heads

 – Three cyclopes

 – The titans These were the first characters that had the appearance of life,

although it was unlike any life known to man.

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The Titans (The Elder Gods)

There were many of them.

Enormous size, incredible strength

Cronos (Saturn): Ruler of the titans

Rhea: Wife of Cronos

Ocean: River that encircled the world Iapetus: Father of Prometheus,

Epimetheus, and Atlas (also titans)

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The Principal Gods

Cronos and Rheawere parents of

 – Zeus (Jupiter, Jove) – Poseidon (Neptune)

 – Hades (Pluto)

 – Hera (Juno)

 – Hestia (Vesta)

 – Demeter (Ceres)

Other Olympiansinclude –  Athena (Minerva)

 –  Ares (Mars) – Hebe (Juventas)

 – Hephaestus (Vulcan)

 –  Apollo (Apollo)

 –  Artemis (Diana)

 – Hermes (Mercury) –  Aphrodite (Venus)

 – Dionysus (Bacchus)

 – Persephone

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The Olympians

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Zeus

Roman Name:Jupiter (also Jove)

Supreme god of theOlympians.

Fathered many

characters inmythology

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Zeus

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Hera

Roman Name:Juno

Zeus’s sisterand wife

Jealous

protector ofmarriage

Punished thewomen Zeus fell

in love with

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Poseidon

Roman Name:Neptune

God of the Seasand Waters

 “The

Earthshaker”  

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Hestia

Roman Name: Vesta

Goddess ofHome

Powerful

Protector

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Demeter

RomanName: Ceres

Goddess ofthe Harvest

 A Goddess of

the Earth

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 Athena

Roman Name:Minerva

Goddess ofWisdom andWar

Sprang fromZeus’s head 

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Hephaestus

Roman Name: Vulcan

(Mulciber) God of

Fire/Forge

Son of Zeusand Hera

Kind, unlike his

brother

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 Apollo

RomanName: Apollo

God ofLight/Sun andMusic

Brother of Artemis

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 Artemis

RomanName: Diana

Goddess ofthe Moon/Hunt

Sister to Apollo

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Hermes

Roman Name:Mercury

Messenger ofthe Gods

 Appears in

more mythsthan any othercharacter

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Dionysus

Roman Name:Bacchus

God of Wine

Patron god ofthe Greek stage

 A God of theEarth

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Persephone

Roman Name:Proserpina

Goddess of theUnderworld

Daughter of Zeusand Demeter

 Abducted byHades

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Hebe

Roman Name:Juventas

Goddess of Youth

Cupbearer to theGods

Restored youthto the aged

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Eros

Roman Name:Cupid

 Young God ofLove

Son of

 Aphrodite andHephaestus

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Iris

Goddess of theRainbow

Messenger forZeus and Hera

Daughter of thetitan Thaumusand the nymphElectra

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The Muses

Nine daughters ofZeus and

Mnemosyne Inspired artists of all

kinds

Goddesses whopresided over thearts and sciences

 “He is happy whomthe muses love.”  

Clio, Urania, Thalia, Melpomene, Erato, Calliope, Euterpe, Terpsichore, Polyhymnia

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The Graces

Three Goddesses ofGrace and Beauty

 “They give life itsbloom.”  

 Aglaia (Splendor)

Euphrosyne (Mirth)

Thalia (GoodCheer)

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The Erinnyes (The Furies)

Roman Name: Furiaeor Dirae (The Furies)

Three Goddesses of Vengeance

 – Tisiphone

 – Alecto – Megaera

They punish

evildoers.

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The Fates

Roman Name: Parcae, Moirae

Three sisters

 – Clotho (“The Spinner”) 

 – Lachesis (“The disposer of lots”) 

 – Atropos (“The cutter”) 

They weave, measure, and cut thethread of life for humans.

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The Satyrs

Gods of the woodsand mountains

 “Shepherd gods”  

Goat men (like Pan)

Companions of

Dionysus

They like to drink,dance, and chase

nymphs.

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The Gorgons

Three snake-haired monsters

Medusa is mostwell-known

Their look turns

men to stone.

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The Centaurs

Half man, halfhorse

Savagecreatures(except Chiron)

Followers ofDionysus

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Sources

Graphics in this presentation were taken fromthe following web sites: – http://www.bulfinch.org/fables/search.html

 – http://www.pantheon.org/

 – http://www.messagenet.com/myths/

 – http://mythman.com/

 – http://web.uvic.ca/grs/bowman/myth/index.html

 – http://www.paleothea.com/

 – http://www.entrenet.com/%7Egroedmed/greekm/myth.html

This presentation is for educational purposesonly; it has not been and should not be sold

d hi l t k