G R A P H I C S C A R D

submited By:-

Sowrabh Tandle (IF) 18

What is

Graphics are nothing but additional effects in our regular computing.

Animated text, animated wallpper,glowing effects,etc are nothing but graphics.

HISTORY OF GRAPHICS & GRAPHICS CARD :

Graphics were used with computer hardware before the first graphic card was invented. The first computer graphic to be used on a computer was in the 1940s,

In 1965, IBM created the first graphic display machine. The IBM 1130 computer was used with the IBM 2250 display unit.

Graphics card:

Graphics card or video card is display adaptor or hardware component whose function is to generate output images to display. It is also called as dedicated expansion card.

Components of Graphics Card:

1. Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)

2. Video Bios

3. Video Memory

4. RAMDAC

5. Mother Interface

6. Cooling Devices

7. Outputs

1. GPU – Graphics Processing Unit :

A GPU is dedicated graphics processor optimized for floating point calculations which are fundamentals to 3D graphics rendering.

2. Video Memory :

An IGP uses RAM of main memory, while Graphics card has its own memory called as Graphics memory or video memory. The memory capacity of most modern video card ranges from 128 MB to 1 GB. Since video memory needs to be accessed by GPU and display circuitry it often uses special high speed memory. Now there are improved graphics card with better memory and better clock rate (speed) are available whose speed ranges from 400MHz to 2.5 GHz.

3. RAMDAC :

RAMDAC is Random access Memory Digital To Analog Convertor which converts digital signal to analog signal for use by computer display which uses analog input such as CRT display.

4. Motherboard Interface :It is the connection system which connects graphics card with motherboard system. Although there are many connection system since 1974.Nowdays AGP and PCI-Express slot are most widely used connection system.

5. Cooling Devices:

Graphics card uses lot of electricity which is converted into heat. If heat isn’t dissipated then card could get overheated and get damaged. Cooling devices are incorporated to transfer heat elsewhere.

PCI Slots

AGP Slot

6. Outputs:

These are the connection system which connects graphics card with display.1. VGA : Analog based standard adopted in 1980s designed for CRT displays. Also called as VGA connector.

2. DVI: Digital based standard designed for flat panel screens such as plasma,LCD display, video projectors,etc.This DVI port is used for HDTV.

3. S-Video : These digital based VIVO are used in televisions, video recorders, gaming consoles,etc.Some modern graphics card also provides HDMI ports that enables user to switch to high end gaming and high definition movies.

Why graphics card is important ????

Very poor reflections

No glow in surrounding

Low Graphics of game without Graphics card :

Poor depth of field

Advantages of Graphics Card :

Motion Blur :

This technique is used to blur objects in fast motion.

3. Texture Mapping :

This technique allows addition of details on surfaces without adding complexity.

4. Lens flare :

This technique allows producing lightning effect as similar as light emitting from light sources.

5. Fresnel Effect :

This technique allows us applying shadows and reflections over an object through different angles.

6. Anisotropic Filtering :

This technique enhances quality of textures at oblique viewing angles.

Poor texture quality

Detailed textures

7. PICTURES COMES TRUE :

High Definition effects can be added to images so that they looks like real photos.

Instructions to install graphics card :

1. Remove your current drivers (read how to remove drivers under the drivers section).2. Open up your case3. Take out your old card4. Pop in your new one(Make sure it's the correct one)5. Lock your case back up6. Boot up7. Install new drivers from the video card brand website (ATI/Nvidia) the drivers on the disk provided are usually out of date.8. Reboot after drivers are installed

Applications of Graphics card:

1.Paint Programs:

This allows you to create freehand drawing.

2.Creating 3D models using CAD software

3. For creating Animations :

Thank you