By the Amazing Julio Chukwuka Ogbomoh

1. Nacionalidad

2. Stem changing

3. Para

4. Indirect/Direct Objects

5. Pronoun Placement

6. Gustar

7. Affirmative and Negative words

8. Superlatives

9. Reflexives

10. Affirmative tu commands + irregulars + pronoun placement

11. Negative tu command + irregulars + pronoun placement

12. Sequencing Events

Cuba Cubano

Uruguay Uruguayo

Paraguay Paraguayo

Puerto Rico Puertorriquno

Panama Panameno

El Salvador Salvadoreno

Honduras Hondureno

Espana Espanol

Guatemala Guatemalteco

Guinea

Ecuatorial

Guineano

La Republica

Dominicana

Dominicano

Nicaragua Nicaraguense

Costa Rica Costarricense

Estados Unidos Norteamericanos

Estdounidense

Venezuela venezolano

Peru peruano

Chile chileano

Colombia colombiano

Bolivia Boliviano

Ecuador Ecuatoriano

Argentina Argentino

Mexico Mexicano

Pedir

e > i

Almorzar

o > e

Pensar

e > ie

Pido

Pides

Pide

Pedimos

Pedis

Piden

Almuerzo

Almuerzas

Almuerza

Almorzamos

Almorzais

Almuerzan

Pienso

Piensas

Piensa

Pensamos

Pensais

Piensan

With a noun or pronoun as object, meaning for the benefit of

or directed to:

Es para usted. It's for you.

Meaning to or in the direction of when referring to a specific

place:

Voy para Europa. I'm heading to Europe.

Meaning by or for when referring to a specific time:

Necesito el regalo para mañana. I need the gift for

tomorrow. Vamos a la casa de mi madre para el fin de semana. We're going to my mother's for the weekend.

Singular Plural

me

Me

nos

Us

te

You (familiar)

os

You (familiar)

le

You (formal), him, her

les

You, them

A Reflexive pronoun is in front of an Indirect

object pronoun, and a Direct object is the last

pronoun in the sentence. If there is an infinitive,

they can be attached but must stay together in

the same order.

Singular Plural

me gusta me gustan

te gusta te gustan

le gusta le gustan

nos gusta nos gustan

os gusta os gustan

les gusta les gustan

When talking about things that people like, change

the form or gustar to match the singular or plural

nouns for those things. In other words, gustar

needs to agree with the object

Affirmatives Negative Words

algo - something Nada - nothing

Alguien - someone Nadie - no one

algun / alguno – some, any ningun / nunguno – none, not

any

Siempre - always Nunca - never

Tambien - also Tampoco - neither, either

isimo

malo > malisimo

isimos

caliente > calientisimos

isima

larga > larguisima

isimas

muchas > muchisimas

c > qu

g > gu

z > c

To express extremes with most adjectives, drop the final vowel and add the ending –isimo(a).

The adjective must agree in gender and number

with the noun it modifies

*When the last consonant is c, g, or z,

spelling changes are required

To describe people doing

things for themselves, use

reflexive verbs. Examples

of reflexive verbs are

brushing one‟s teeth or

combing one‟s hair. These

pronouns are used with

reflexive verbs to indicate

that the subject of the

sentence receives the

action of the verb.

Lavarseto wash oneself

Me lavo Nos lavamos

Te lavas Os lavais

Se lava Se lavan

For affirmative

commands, you drop the

„s‟ and as for the

pronoun placement, the

pronoun can go with an

infinitive, gerund,

before a conjugated

verb, or at the end of an

affirmative command.

Decir > di

Hacer > haz

Ir > ve

Poner > pon

Salir > sal

Ser > sé

Tenir > ten

Venir > ven

For negative

commands, you put the

word into “yo”

form, change the

vowel, and then add an

“s”. As for pronoun

placement, they go with

infinitives, gerunds, and

before a conjugated

verb.

Dar/Decir – No des/digas

Ir – No vayas

Ser – No seas

Hacer – No hagas

Estar – No estes

Saber – No sepas

Tener – No tengas

Venir – No vengas

Primero – first

Entonces – second

Luego/después – after

Por fin – finally

Antes de/después de -

after

Por la

mañana/tarde/noche –

in/ during the…

Los lunes, etc. - days