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RICHARD W, RILEYCOLLEGE OF EDUCATION
and LEADERSHIP
Ph.D. in EDUCATION
STUDENT
DIFFUSION & INTEGRATION
OF
TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION
(EDUC 8841)
FINAL PROJECT
MILTON B. FRANCIS
The GradeCam Innovation Presentation to the Board of Directors
by
Milton B. Francis
THE INNOVATION
GRADECAM
Defense of the Innovation Innovative technology has impacted the world ever since technology was
first launched. In this, the 21st century, that impact is constantly making a debut in different technology launches.
Innovation Technology Tools Selection
- GradeCam
- iPad
- SMART Response interactive response systems (SMART Rirs)
Of the three innovative technology tools identified, my selective innovation would be the GradeCam.
Defense of the Innovation continues
What is GradeCam?
This technology tool is a student-performance scanner that can be used in the classroom by both teachers and students to grade multiple choice tests.
The GradeCam image-recognition software works with a camera to grade tests from bubble forms and to generate statistics and reports on student performance to the teacher’s electronic gradebook, all within a second.
More Defense of the Innovation
Justification of Selection
Technology innovations are good, and they serve the purpose for which they were designed, however, not all technology innovations can be adoptable, as there are factors which hinder their acceptance.
Rejected Innovation
Reason for Rejection
iPad High cost
Inadequate
use across
subjects
SMART Rirs Not easily
accessible
Not simple
Generation of the ideas for Innovation
Pre-Diffusion of GradeCam
NEED RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIAL- IZATION
Teachers at my school are inundated with work:
Preparation of lesson & unit plans; grading of test, H/W, quiz; tutoring; bulletin boards; inter-visitations; student work analysis, etc.
Research idea:
Started with Tami Porter, cofounder of GradeCam Inc.
Research background:
The research on the benefits of formative assessments seems to be convincing.
GradeCam was developed over years of collaboration with technology experts experienced in designing productivity tools. In diagnosing the problem with GradeCam during its development, the developers were careful in using the camera that is compatible with the software.
The GradeCam package consists of a 300 DPI scanner with a special built in camera, GradeCam score credit labels, and GradeCam bubble sheets. In addition, the user must include a computer (desktop/laptop), and the downloaded GradeCam software.
Commercialize GradeCam Package includes the following:
OR
+
Innovation-Decision Timeline
TIMELINE 2003 2004 – 2005
2006 – 2007
2008 2008 – Present
INNOVATION-DECISION
KNOWLEDGE PERSUASION DECISION IMPLEMENTATION CONFIRMATION
COMMUNICATION
CHANNEL Technology conferences and expositions
Technology conferences and expositions
Individual (Teachers’ feedback)
Internet
Technology conferences and expositions
Individual (Teachers’ feedback)
Internet
Technology conferences and expositions
Individual (Teachers’ feedback)
Internet
Technology conferences and expositions
Individual (Teachers’ feedback)
The husband and wife team, Tami and Rick Porter, founders of Grade-Cam, has been developing educational products for
over ten years. Grade-Cam was conceived in 2003. by Tami Porter former middle school teacher. She, along with her
husband and their son, fully developed Grade-Cam over the next three to four years. The goal of Grade-Cam is to improve
education by reducing the stress of everyday teaching. This has been the organization’s theme, as it developed Grade-Cam
as can be seen in the timeline below.
Grade-Cam S-Curve
S-Curve GradeCam Adoption
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Years
Inno
vati
on (%
)
In the process of diffusion, the innovation adoption experience a phase that relates to the statistical shaped bell-curve,
except that, emphasis is not placed on the latter part of this curve. Rogers (2003) said ‘the time element of the
diffusion process allows us to classify adopter categories, and to draw diffusion curves’. He further said of these
curves, ‘when plotted over time on a frequency basis, the cumulative numbers of adopters plotted, results in an S-
shaped curve’.
The Perceived Attributes/Rate of Adoption of GradeCam The GradeCam innovation was targeted at the education
sector, particularly the classroom environment. As the inventors of the product said ‘GradeCam is a student-performance scanner for the classroom’. (GradeCam website). The innovators and early adopters of this innovation were, indeed, the classroom teachers. Rogers (2003) identified five perceived attributes/strategies of innovation: Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. He associated each of these attributes with the rate of adoption of an innovation by the social system. The GradeCam inventors use some of these attributes in diffusing the innovation. The strategies that are most persuasive in convincing the adoption of the GradeCam are trialability and compatibility.
GradeCam’s Critical Mass and Change Agents
As I continue my proposal to the Board of
Directors in considering the adoption of the
GradeCam Innovation , the focus will now be
on the ‘point’ of critical mass and on some of
the key personnel in the organization.
GradeCam’s Critical Mass and Change Agents
MORE A change agent is who Rogers (2003)
called ‘an individual who influences clients’ innovation-decisions in a direction deemed desirable by a change agency’. This agency, ladies and gentlemen of the Board, is our organization, or better yet, our school. In addition to myself, as the technical expert on this innovation, I would include the principal the main leadership of the institution. Both of us will lead the way in this adoption as we aimed at fulfilling the duties of a change agent.
Rogers also identified the roles of
this agent, and listed them as
follows:
1) The need to change clientele
2) Establishing an information exchange relationship
3) Diagnose problems
4) Create intent to change in the client
5) Translate intent into action
6) Stabilize adoption and prevent discontinuance
7) Achieve a terminal relationship
But, how can these seven roles effect positive social change within this school? (See
notes)
This occurred between
the years 2005 and 2006,
at 10%, when a steep
rise in the curve began.
At this phase of the
Innovation over 10%
of the ‘early majority’
of classroom teachers
exposed to the
Innovation started
to adopt it.
Members of the Board
as you have seen on the
Sigmoid function ,
or the S-curve,
the GradeCam has
already achieved its
point of critical mass
within the social strata of
the education system.
The Organizational Adoption
of the
GradeCam
Innovation-Decision Types Adopting the GradeCam as an individual would be
more than welcoming, but I am not the only one who will be utilizing this software, so it would be better if the organization adopts it.
Organization innovation-decisions are two-fold; it may be done collectively or authoritatively
Rogers said ‘collective innovation-decisions are choices to adopt/reject an innovation that is made by a consensus among the members of a system, and authority innovation-decisions are choices to adopt/reject an innovation that are made by a relatively few individuals in a system who possess power, high social status, or technical expertise’
Innovation Champion The GradeCam innovation is expected to be adopted by
the authority of the organization, the Board of Directors, who is being advised by me, the instructional technologist of the organization, who is also their technology expert.
As the individual with the highest technology position in the organization, I am automatically the innovation champion.
An innovation champion, according to Rogers, is an individual who throws his/her weight behind the innovation, thus overcoming indifference or resistance that the new idea may provoke in an organization.
PC
Inventor
Reasons for Adoption Increase the speed with which the teachers grade tests.
Maintain accurate record of students’ scores
Do immediate analyses of student-work
Give immediate feedback to students on their performance
Plan lessons in a timely manner as soon as feedback is given
Plan differentiated lessons that will meet the needs of different students, effectively
Use the time spent on grading test as tutoring hours
Improve and enhance the teachers’ skills in the use of technology
A Win-Win Situation It behooves you that the adoption of the
GradeCam innovation by this organization will be worthwhile for its continued improvement.
All stakeholders will reap the benefits and success that this innovation will bring to us.
LADIES AND GENTLEMAN OF THE BOARD
THANK YOU
REFERENCE GradeCam corporation announces new version of GradeCam online. (2010, January).
Retrieved December 19, 2010, from Multimedia and Internet @ schools. http://www.mmischools.com/Articles/News/Breaking-News/GradeCam- Corporation-Announces-New-Version-of-GradeCam-Online-60668.aspx
Measuring the iPad’s potential for education. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from The
Journal: Transforming education through technology. http://thejournal.com/articles/2010/01/27/measuring-the-ipads-potential-for- education.aspx
New version of GradeCam is first online assessment solution to use a document camera to grade paper-based quizzes and tests (2010, January). Retrieved December 19, 2010, from EdNET Insight. http://www.ednetinsight.com/news-alerts/technology-headlines/new-version-of- gradecam-is-first-online-assessment-solution-to-use-a-document-camera-to- grade-paper-based-quizzes-and-tests.htm
Rivero, V. (2010, January). Extra credit: Gradecam. Tools for learning: Assessment tools. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from Multimedia and Internet @ schools. http://www.mmischools.com/Articles/Editorial/Features/TOOLS-FOR- LEARNING-Assessment-Tools-60442.aspx
SMART Response interactive response systems. Retrieved December 19, 2010, from SMART Technologies. http://smarttech.com/us/Solutions/Education+Solutions/Products+for+education/Complementary+hardware+products/SMART+Response
REFERENCE Rogers, E. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.
United States Trademark application http://xrint.com/trademarks/us/78780001
Nagel, D. GradeCam takes test scanning online. The Journal.
http://thejournal.com/articles/2010/01/13/gradecam-takes-test-scanning-online.aspx 2011 NSBA Annual Conference
Exhibit guide at the Phoenix Convention Center
GradeCam Resources Video 1
Video 2
Video 3
GradeCam Scan
GradeCam Wiki
GradeCam Company Background
GradeCam Flyer
GradeCam Manual
GradeCam Software (Download)
GradeCam Web site
GradeCam in the News 1
GradeCam in the News 2
GradeCam in the News 3
THANKS to
Dr. Almasude (Class Instructor)
Learning Community MembersDeborah Forrest
Elaine GagneNicholas JarrellShannon Gray
andthe other members
of EDUC 8841/7101Diffusion
and Integration
ofTechnology
inEducation
AMilton B. Francis
Production
2011 Copyright