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3Effectiveness and use ofsynthetic fibres in Concrete
Gerard AttreeEngineering Services Group
Engineering Services Group EMEAI
Tuesday, 17 December2013
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History of fibres
What is STRUX?
Why STRUX?
Fibres in concrete
Performance Testing
Market Segments
Advantages with STRUX
STRUX CE Marking & Approvals
Major Projects
Replacing steel fabric with fibre reinforcement
Questions
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History of fibres
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The use of natural fibres to strengthen brittle
materials goes back to ancient times:
3500 years ago: sun baked bricks were
reinforced with straw
In the 1950s & 1960s, steel and glass fibres
were used for concrete
Today: hundreds of different fibers are
available for use in concrete to solve different
problems
But why do we need fibres in concrete?
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Why do we need fibres in concrete?
Concrete is a very brittle material
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Problem concrete?
Problem concretes CRACK!
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Where do we see cracks in concrete?
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Fibres in concrete the options
The addition of fibres to concrete can significantly affect either the plastic and / or hardened
properties of concrete mixes
The choice of fibre to use should be made based on what properties are required from theconcrete, for example,
Reduced bleeding
Flexural toughness
Enhanced impact resistance
Freeze / thaw resistance
Adding fibres to the wrong concrete mix is not the answer!
Add fibres to a concrete mix which has been designed to accommodate fibres!
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Fibre Types
Polypropylene Micro fibres
Synthetic Macro fibres
Steel fibres
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Reinforcement Options
Micro
Fibres
Steel Fabric Steel
Fibres
STRUX
90/40
Safe, Easy
Handling
Plastic Shrinkage
Crack Control
Drying Shrinkage
Crack Control
Post Crack Load
Carrying Capacity
Freeze-Thaw
Protection
Non-Corroding
P
lastic
C
oncrete
Hardene
d
Concrete
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What is STRUX 90/40
Unique patented designExcellent crack control
Excellent flexural toughness
Property Value
Specific Gravity 0.92
Tensi le Strength 620 MPa
Modulus of
Elasticity
9.5 GPa
Aspect Ratio 90
Chemical
Resistance
Excellent
Absorpt ion None
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What is STRUX 90/40
Unique patented designExcellent crack control
Excellent flexural toughness
Property Value
Specific Gravity 0.92
Tensi le Strength 620 MPa
Modulus of
Elasticity
9.5 GPa
Aspect Ratio 90
Chemical
Resistance
Excellent
Absorpt ion None
These physical properties clearly differentiates
STRUX 90/40 from its competitors other
synthetic macro fibres are much weaker in
tension (e.g. 250 MPa) than STRUX 90/40US Patent Nos: 6.569.525; 6.569.526; 6.863.969
EP 1.253.223
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Benefits of STRUX in concrete
STRUX has been designed to
provide:Safety
Ductility
Durabili ty
Crack control
Impact resistance
Stain free concrete surfaces
Quick, easy and safe application
Efficient and cost effective
reinforcement optionSustainable
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Three dimensional reinforcement system
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Why STRUX 90/40?
STRUX fibres are completely
dispersed throughout the concrete.
Their high surface area gives themexcellent bond to the concrete matrix.This coupled with their high strengthmakes them very difficult to break or
pull out.
They work by intersecting cracks asthey begin to form. In this way,STRUX fibres provide concrete with a
residual load carrying capacity, evenafter the concrete has cracked
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Testing of Synthetic Fibre Reinforced Concrete
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Flexural stress vs. deflection
Grade C40 (54 N/mm2 @ 28 days) with STRUX 90/40 @ 4.6kg/m3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3
Deflection (mm)
FlexuralStress(M
Pa)
Beam 1
Beam 2
Beam 3
Beam 4
Peak Flexural Strengths
Beam 1; 5.09 MPa
Beam 2; 5.72 MPa
Beam 3; 5.53 MPa
Beam 4; 6.10 Mpa
Mean; 5.61 MPa
Residual Flexural Strengths
Beam 1; 2.79 MPa
Beam 2; 2.70 MPa
Beam 3; 2.52 MPa
Beam 4; 2.75 MPa
Mean; 2.69 MPa
Re3Values
Beam 1; 54.9 %
Beam 2; 47.1 %
Beam 3; 45.5 %
Beam 4; 45.1 %
Mean; 48.2 %
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How does STRUX 90/40 work?
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Where STRUX can be usedA wide range of internal s labs replacing fabric and light rebar
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http://../Rimini%20Marzo%202004/Ice%20Stadium%20Fanano%20Oct%202003.pdf8/11/2019 Grace Strux Beton.pdf
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Where STRUX can be usedA wide range of external slabs replacing fabric and light rebar
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Where STRUX can be usedA wide range of precast applications replacing fabric and light rebar
Steps Parking
kerbs
Septictanks
Manholes
Pipes
Insulated wall
panels
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Sea Defence
Segmental Linings
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Where STRUX can be usedComposite metal decking applications replacing fabric
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Advantages of STRUX 90/40
Speed of use Reinforcement is delivered and poured with the concrete.
STRUX 90/40 is distributed uniformly throughout the concrete.
Health & Safety No exposed steel or onsite storage.
High fibre content at low dosage weight.
Exposed fibres Surface, STRUX 90/40 fibres pose no corrosion or durability problems.
Improved flexural toughness Especially in elements of 4 (100 mm) and more.
Enhanced impact resistance.
Plastic shrinkage control. No need for additional plastic shrinkage fibres.
Low environmental impact Viable option for production of low carbon concrete.
STRUX macro-fibres can achieve the same performance as steelfabric with several benefits
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Tradit ional Reinforcement ChallengesTraditional industry practice uses steel fabric for crack control
Challenges of using steel fabric
Difficult to pour and consolidateconcrete with steel fabric.
Represents an additional step inthe construction; placing requiresHealth & Safety considerations.
Effectiveness of crack controldepends on position of the fabric.
Corrosion and Durability problemsassociated with cracking and meshposition
Hauling & stocking is not always
easy and can be expensive.
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CE marking, EN14889-2
CPD
ConstructionProductsDirective
CPR
ConstructionProducts
Regulations
July 1st2013
CE marking
required for
legal saleVoluntary
Declaration of ProductPerformance based on: Harmonised technical
specification Agreed system of conformity
assessment Framework of Notified Bodies CE Marking of products
CE Marking indicates a product isconsistent with its Declaration ofPerformance In the case of macro-synthetic fibres like
STRUX a declared value according to EN14889-2 is used
The declared values include tensile strength
and elastic modulus and a dosage toachieve a standard performance
Performance equals dosage efficiency There are further requirements within the
test that must be observed Constant, single length fibres Fibre must be tested as sold
Polymer fibres for concrete
Polymer type: Polypropylene/Polyethylene
Class II
Length: 40mm
Equivalent Diameter: 0.433 mm
Shape: cross sectional area rectangular
Tensile strength: 620N/mm2
Elastic modulus: 9500 N/mm2
Effect on consistence with 3.5kg/m3fibres:
Vebe time: 10s (Reference concrete 7s)
Effect on strength of concrete:
3.5kg/m3to obtain 1.5N/mm2at CMOD=0.5mm
and 1 N/mm2 at CMOD=3.5mm
UK
Hightensile
strengthindicates astronger
fibre
Indicatesresidual
(post-crackflexural
strength)performance
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BS EN 14889-2
Confidence in Quality, Performance and Pedigree
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External approvals
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Confidence in Quality, Performance and Pedigree
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Khalifa Port and Industr ial Zone ProjectSTRUX Project Profile
Product: STRUX 90/40
Project Name: Khalifa Port andIndustrial Zone Project ContainerTerminal
Location: Taweelah Abu Dhabi
Total Project value: $390 Million
Total Project Area: 1,000,000m2
Project Start and finish: Mar 2011 Feb 2012
100 year service life guaranteerequired for slab in high chlorideconditions required both highdurability concrete and a non
corroding reinforcement nopractical alternative to macrosynthetic fibers.
STRUX chosen due to previouspedigree and specifier familiarity.
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The Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, USASTRUX Project Profile
Product: STRUX 90/40
Designed to look like a modernNoahs Ark, the new Georgia
Aquarium in downtown Atlanta
destined to be the largestaquarium in the world and one ofthe major tourist attractions in thestate.
Given the challenging nature of theproject a team from GraceConstruction Products had to meetthe complex demands of this
construction. The tanks are amongthe largest in the world.
STRUX 90/40 was used forsecondary reinforcement in slabon- ground concrete throughoutthe structure, including concretewalkways, areas near the tanksand other high traffic locations.
STRUX is safer to use, reducesthe potential for damage towaterproofing materials placedunder the concrete and eliminatesthe risk for corrosion compared toother types of reinforcement.
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New Sea Defence, Blackpool, UKSTRUX Project Profile
Product: STRUX 90/40
76m scheme to future proof thenorth wests leading holiday resortagainst flooding.
Blackpool Central Area CoastProtection Scheme employedinnovative design and constructiontechniques to deliver a flagshipscheme combining vital coastalprotection improvements alongwith an enhanced seafrontenvironment.
Enhanced durability of therevetment was achieved usingSTRUX 90/40 reinforcement inplace of steel reinforcement.Similarly, use of novel polymerreinforcement in the precastelements offered majorconstruction enhancements. This
was the first time these materialshad been used on this scale in theUK.
It won the North West CivilEngineering Large Project of theYear for 2011
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Bridges Wharf Car Park, London, UKSTRUX Project Profile
Product: STRUX 90/40 & ADVAFloor 250
Application: Concrete Topping
Engineer: Waterman Group
Main Contractor: Westcrete
Specialist Floor Layer: Technic
The Engineers brief was toprovide a solution to reduce therisk of corrosion that could becomean issue if traditional steel fabricwas used in the concrete for the
car park areas within this privatedevelopment and reduce theamount of joints.
Grace worked closely with allparties on the project to assist withproviding a detailed design solutionwhile also working with thecontracts team to assist with mix
design and placement advice.
ADVA Floor 250 & STRUX 90/40placed on top of the HydroductCF20 was a major benefit to theEngineer in reducing any exposureto remedial or repair costs.
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Summary:
STRUX synthetic macro fibres provide:
Comparable crack control to steel fabric and steel fibres
No corrosion issues
Reinforcement is delivered and poured with concrete always in the right place
3 dimensional reinforcement
Reduced project costs
Reduced project times
Safer construction environment
Pedigree Credibility
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Durabili ty Products Contacts EMEAI Region
Contact Name Gerard Attree
Contact Title Engineering Services Group Manager
Contact Phone Number +44 (0) 7808 635229
Contact Email Address Gerry.Attree@grace.com
Engineering Services Group EMEAI
Thank you for your attention, any questions?
mailto:Gerry.Attree@grace.commailto:Gerry.Attree@grace.com