Post on 18-Dec-2015
Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD)
Contribution of Bioenergy for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation
General Coordination: Cenbio/CentroClima – Brazil
Prof. Suani CoelhoCenbio / University of São Paulo
Cape Town, South Africa, May 27th 2009
GNESD Bioenergy Theme - Motivation• Modern bioenergy – sustainable production• Three main issues:
– Biomass for electric generation supply remote villages• Using agricultural residues• Using vegetable oils• Using biogas (both urban and rural residues)• Benefits: improvement of energy access, job creation (mainly in rural
areas)
– Biomass for liquid biofuels• Using locally produced bioenergy crops and biofuels
– Eventually to export biofuels
• Benefits: job creation (mainly in rural areas), replacement of import oil/oil products, revenues (from eventual biofuel export)
– Energy and climate change - Perspectives for Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) – Kyoto Protocol
Source: OECD/IEA, 2008
Latin America - Share of Total Primary Energy Supply (2006)
Shares of 531 Mtoe
Source: OECD/IEA, 2008
Asia (excluding China) - Share of Total Primary Energy Supply (2006)
Shares of 1,330 Mtoe
Environmental Benefits from Biofuels
• To reduce local, regional and global environmental impacts;• Ethanol is the only renewable source which can be used in
transportation sector.
Oil flows throughout the world. Source: UNDP, UNDESA, WEC, 2002
• Largest share of the world’s oil resources: concentrated in regions with potential political or economic instabilities.
• High costs of maintaining energy security
• Biofuels: Increasing diversification of energy matrix
• Biofuels: reducing reliance on fossil fuel and thus energy security
Strategic Benefits from Biofuels
GNESD Bioenergy Theme• Objectives:
– to carry out an initial assessment of the potentials of bioenergy for rural development for all types of bioenergy i.e. liquid, solid and gas.
– to study all forms of bioenergy to specifically examine the roles they can play in rural development and poverty alleviation.
• The study is being developed in two phases:– Inception phase – Thematic phase
Inception Phase (by March 2009)
• Objective: – to identify bioenergy forms used in the different
developing countries covered by GNESD. – to provide key elements for the full thematic study
• current situation of biomass • biomass policies in each country• perspectives for the implementation of bioenergy
programs.
Inception PhaseTable of Contents
1. Executive summary2. Introduction3. Literature review on bioenergy in the region:
• Current production of biomass for energy • Other relevant information (informed by each Centre)
4. Review of the current bioenergy programmes/policies in the country/region, including (liquid) biofuels programmes
5. Description of the bioenergy forms and the methodology to be used (3 to 4 forms per centre)
6. Identification of case studies to be carried out in detail in the second phase with justifications for each country. Ideally there should be case studies for each form of bioenergy being studied.
7. Conclusions of the inception phase
Main Outcomes of Inception Phase (I)
Centers Countries studied in the Inception Phase
Existing biomass Proposed case studies
AFREPREN(Kenya)
Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda
Fuelwood, ethanol, biodiesel, biogas
Biomass cogenerationBiogasLandfill gasBioethanol
AIT(Thailand)
Thailand and Indonesia
Traditional biomass, agricultural residues for electricity production
BiofuelsBiomass powerBiogas
CENBIO/CentroClima(Brazil)
Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador
Ethanol, biodiesel, fuel wood, charcoal, biogas and agricultural and forestry residues
BioethanolBiodiesel
Enda(Senegal)
Mali, Ghana, Senegal Traditional fuel wood and charcoal
BiogasBiodieselFuel wood
ERC(South Africa)
South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique
Traditional fuelwood BioethanolBiodieselGelfuel (80% ethanol) for cookingCharcoalCertification (impacts)
Main Outcomes of Inception Phase (II)
Center Countries studied in the Inception Phase
Existing biomass Proposed case studies
ERI(China)
China Agricultural residues, forestry residues, municipal solid waste and livestock waste, biogas, ethanol
Biomass powerBioethanolPellets from agricultural residues and biomass gasification
Fundación Bariloche(Argentina)
Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay
Biodiesel, fuel wood, agricultural residues
Forest biomassAgricultural residuesLivestock waste
MEDREC(Tunisia)
Tunisia Woody biomass, biogas and biodiesel
PelletsBiogasJatropha curcas
TERI(India)
India Woody biomass, agricultural residues, biogas, biodiesel and ethanol.
Biomass based energy production in remote village, biomass power and biogas
Thematic Phase (2nd Phase)
• Objectives:– to review the existing bioenergy policies in the sub-region– to identify the barriers and assess good and bad practices
through detailed case studies from each sub-region– to formulate recommendations for policy decisions
toward rural development and poverty alleviation.• The potentials of each type of bioenergy will be
identified from economic, social and environmental perspectives.
• Deadline: September 2009.
Proposed Outline for Thematic Phase(To be discussed)
1. Country / region presentation overview• geographic, climate and economic conditions, population, infrastructure, etc• energy consumption – fossil / RE – current and future
2. Bioenergy in the region • current use (type, amount, end use, costs, other issues?)
3. Sustainability aspects of each type of bioenergy• economic• environmental • social issues• certification issues – additional costs, capacity building, perspectives for developing
countries, existing difficulties for implementation. • suggestion for discussion: study from UNCTAD (2008) – “Making Certification Work for Sustainable• Development: The Case of Biofuels”
4. Study cases for each country/region5. Existing barriers6. Policy recommendations for the country/region7. Conclusions