Post on 19-Jul-2015
Introduction
WHAT IS GENDER GAP ?
Difference in opinions or attitudes between
men and women concerning a variety of public
and private issues, including political
candidates, parties, or programs.
Gender Gap In Different Aspects
Education and gender:“MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES IN
SCHOOL ACCESS AND COMPLETION”
Young females receive less education than young
males in most low developing countries.
While young literacy is now much higher than it
was as recently as 1990.
Education and Gender Gap
The rate of return on women’s education is higher
than that on men’s in most developing countries.
Increasing women’s education not only increases
their productivity in the work place but also results in
greater labor force participation, later marriages low
fertility, and greatly improved child health and
nutrition.
Objectives: Gender gap is an important Economic Indicator.
It depends upon the age differences.
Health and education plays a very important role in
the gender gap.
Health and education are investments in human
capital to improve labor productivity.
Investment in human capital is a major determinant
of growth and development.
According to Global Gender Gap report :
Pakistan had the second lowest ranking in the
report’s overall measure of gender-based biases,
but encouragingly, it ranked 64 out of 136
countries when it came to political
empowerment of women.
Pakistan ranked 124 on women’s health and
survival, 129 on their educational attainment
and a staggering 135 again on equal economic
participation and opportunity.
Global gender gap report 2013
Interestingly and unfortunately – There is another
Pakistan paradox seen in the report:
This edition concludes that the gap between men and
women has narrowed slightly in most countries during
the past year. However, Pakistan’s ranking has
gradually dropped from 132 in 2006 to 135 this year.
The country ranks the lowest in Asia and the Pacific
region.
Global gender gap report 2013
Although Pakistan ranks high in political
empowerment for women, its ranking move
down from 134th to 135th position last year
due to a worsening in the same category of
political empowerment.
Reasons of gender gap: Social, economical, demographic and
educational.
Females are getting married later
Less segregation in the working market for
females.
Changes in the family composition.
Pakistan ranked 135 out of a total 136
countries in the Gender Gap Index 2013,
according to The Global Gender Gap Report.
The Global Gender Gap Index, introduced by
the World Economic Forum in 2006 is a
measure to capture the scope and magnitude
of gender disparities.
Gender gap in Pakistan:
Four Major Pillars Of Report:
The report bases itself on four major pillars to
measure gender disparities within nations:
1. Economic participation and
opportunity.
2. Educational attainment.
3. Health and survival.
4. Political empowerment.
Economic participation and
opportunity:
• Pakistan’s female labor participation rate
is a dismal 22%.
•Male are more in labor force and more
employed than women.
• Only seven per cent of women in Pakistan own
businesses.
• Their access to land ownership on a scale of 0 to 1,
with 0 best score and 1 worse best, is 0.5.
• Women seem more excluded from job and
labor market due to many socio-cultural
factors ranging patriarchal system and skill
required in the market.
• Unemployment among women is higher than
men showing huge gender gap.
Health and survival:
• Pakistan ranked 124th on women’s health and
survival.
• Crude death rate of male is higher than female
both in urban and rural areas of Pakistan
showing high life expectancy of women
comparing with men.
• Health facilities are more extended towards
male comparing with female.
• On the other hand, women consult health
facilities more than men showing that women are
facing more health problems than men.
• Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births at the
age of one is 70 per cent.
Educational attainment:• In terms of educational
attainment, Pakistan ranks at 129, with a 40 per cent female literacy rate.
• Enrollment in primary education is 67 per cent and drops down to 29 per cent in secondary education.
• Literacy rate is high in male comparing with female showing high gender gap.
• This gap further increased in rural areas
where women are restricted to get
education and stay at home to help out
domestic work.
• Gross enrollment ration of the men is also
high comparing with female.
• One of the possible reasons for this could
be that 16 per cent of the women get
married between the ages of 15-19 years.
• Which estimates the level of political
decision-making accomplished by women
within public institutions, in ministerial and
parliamentary positions.
• Male overwhelmingly represented in the
national assembly as compare to female.
Similarly, women voters are less in numbers
than male.
Political empowerment:
•Women in Pakistan were allowed to vote in
1956. Ten per cent of the women hold
ministerial positions.
•Twenty three per cent women are members
of the parliament.
• Women due to which, may be suffering
more and availing less options of
enjoying life in comparison with male.
• They have been restricted to participate
in basic aspects of life and confined to
stay at home or may be considered
unable to perform equal to men.
Gender Gap report was made on
136 countries.
Here the countries are ranked on
Gender equality.
86 countries showed
improvement in 2013 report.
Iceland has had the overall smallest
gender gap for five straight years. It
ranks first in education and economic
empowerment for women, but comes in
at 97 on women’s health and survival.
United States at 23rd position
Meeting in White house with President Obama and Secretary Hillary Clinton
Pakistan at 135th position
A Pakistani woman returns home carrying wood to be used for cooking and
heating, Islamabad
• Offering high level education
• Social integration
• Increasing women employment
• Involving them in active politics
and social activities
• Arranging social protection
programs
• Generating awareness among
parents
• Giving scholarships to girls
• Spreading awareness against
child abuse and violence
Conclusion:A problem which can be solved
and by solving this problems we
can remove many burning
issues in our society.