Fundamentals of programming angeli

•Switch Case and •Looping Statement

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We first define the word “programming”, it is a computer language programmers use to develop applications, scripts, or other set of instructions for a computer to execute.

Programming is instructing a computer to do something for you with the help of a programming language. The role of a programming language can be described in two ways:Technical: It is a means for instructing a Computer to perform TasksConceptual: It is a framework within which we organize our ideas about things and processes.

Programming

A programming language should both provide means to describe primitive data and procedures and means to combine and abstract those into more complex ones.

The distinction between data and procedures is not that clear cut. In many programming languages, procedures can be passed as data (to be applied to ``real'' data) and sometimes processed like ``ordinary'' data. Conversely ``ordinary'' data can be turned into procedures by an evaluation mechanism.

If we know how to write a C expression that isequivalent of a question such as “Is resting the valueof expression to select a course of action. In C, thestatement is the primary selection control structure

A programming language is an artificial languagedesigned to communicate instructions to a machine,particularly a computer. Programming languages canbe used to create programs that control the behaviorof a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.

At first, programming is confusing because you have so much to understand about codes that will enable to run a program. Programming has applications and program development, the best example for this is the Internet browser…

Programming is a creative process done by programmers to instruct a computer on how to do a task. Programming languages let you use them in different ways, e.g adding numbers, etc… or storing data on disk for later retrieval.

You have to consider languages to run or write your own program, most demanded language in programming is the DEV C++ (a full-featured Integrated Development Environment (IDE)).

C++ is one of the most used programming languages in the world. Also known as "C with Classes".

New to programming or thinking about it? It might surprise you to know that there are many programmers who program just for fun and it can lead to a job.

- A switch, case, select or inspect statement is a type of selection control mechanism that exists in most imperative programming languages such as Pascal, Ada, C/C++, C#, Java, and so on. It is also included in several other types of languages. Its purpose is to allow the value of a variable or expression to control the flow of program execution via a multiway branch (or "goto", one of several labels).

The Main Reason using switch case :

- To improve clarity, by reducing otherwise repetitive coding, and (if the heuristics permit) also offering the potential for faster execution through easier compiler optimization in many cases.

PROGRAMS THAT IS RELATED TO SWITCH CASE

1. The If – else Statement

-The if statement allows the programmer to make decisions within a program.

- The general format of an if statement is:

If (expression) statement

-Where expression represents a relational, equality, orlogical expression ( conditional expression) .

If statement (One-Alternatives)

If (condition) statement;

Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is executed and statement is skipped

If statement (two alternatives)

Form:If (condition) statement;else statement;

Note: if condition evaluates to true, then statement is executed and statement is skipped; otherwise, statement is skipped and statement is executed

Format of the if statement

- All if statement examples in this text indent statements. The word elseIs typed without indention on a separate line. The format of the if statement makes its meaning apparent and is used solely to improve program readability; The format makes no difference to the computer

There may be a situation when you need to execute a block of code several number of times. In general statements are executed sequentially: The first statement in a function is executed first, followed by the second, and so on.

Programming languages provide various control structures that allow for more complicated execution paths.

A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times and following is the general from of a loop statement in most of the programming languages:

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#include <iostream>using namespace std;

int main(){

int number;cout<< " Choose 1 for Mac, and 2 for Pc";

cin >> number;

switch (number){case 1: cout << " apple"; break; case 2: cout << "microsoft"; break; default: cout<< "you didn't pick one of them, sorry"; }

return 0;}

#include <iostream>#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(){ char x; cout <<"Choose a or b : "; cin >> x; switch(x){ case 'a' : cout << "You entered " << x << endl; break; case 'b': cout <<"You entered" << x << endl; break; default: cout <<"You have entered an incorrect input " << endl; break; } system("pause"); return 0;}

int main(){ char age; cout << "Please enter letter associated with your age: \n" "(A) 17 years and below \n" "(B) 18 years to 64 years \n" "(C) 65 years and above \n" << endl; cin >> age; cout << "the ticket will cost you: "; switch (age) { case 'A' : cout << "P60"; break; case 'B' : cout << "P80"; break; case 'C' : cout << "P50"; break; default : cout << "Invalid entry"; } cout << endl; system("pause"); return 0;}

#include <iostream>

int main (){ int selector; cout << "Please select one of the folloeing games:\n" << "\nl. Guildwars\n" << "2. World of the Warcraft\n" << "3. Half Life 2\n" << endl; cout << "Please fill in the number of the game: "; cin >> selector; switch(selector) { case 1: system("CLS"); cout << "Name: Guildwars\n" << "Company: ArenaNet\n" << endl; break; case 2: system("CLS"); cout << "Name: World of Warcraft\n" << "Company: Blizzards\n" << endl; break; case 3: sytem("CLS"); cout << "Name: Half Life 2\n" << "Company: Valve\n" << endl; } break; system("PAUSE");}

#include <iostream>

int main (){ char permit;

cout << "Are you sure you want to quit? (y/n) : "; cin >> permit;

switch (permit) { case 'y' : cout << "Hope to see you again!\n"; break; case 'n' : cout << "Welcome back!\n" ; break; default: cout << "What? I don't get it!\n"; }

return 0;}

Looping Statements - Loops execute a block of code a specified number of

times, or while a specified condition is true. - in PHP, the following looping statements are used:

*The while Loop * The Do… While Loop * The For Loop *The Foreach Loop *Break and continue statement

While structure is another type of loop statements, where the condition is checked at first, the iteration will not stop even if the value changes while executing statements.

Form: While(condition){ code to be executed;}

Do while statement is same as the while statement , the only difference is that it evaluates the expression at the end.

Form: do { code to be executed; } while (condition):

The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run.

Be for statement takes three expressions inside its parentheses separated by semi-colons. When the for loop executes, the following occurs:

The initializing expression is executed. This expression usually initializes one or more loop counter, but the syntax allow expression any degree of complexity.

The condition expression is evaluated. Of the value of condition is true, the loop statements execute. If the value of condition is false, the for loop terminates.

for {initialization; condition: increment ) { code to be executed }

For Each structure is a loop structure used for arrays

Form:foreach(array as value){ code to be executed}

Foreach (array as key => value){ code to be executed}

Break ends the execution of the for, for each, while, do-while or switch statement.

Form:* Break ( optional numeric argument)

“Continue” is used to skip the current loop iteration and continue with the next iteration of the loop. But “Break” is to exit from the whole loop.

Form:* Break ( optional numeric argument)

#include <stdio.h>main ( ){int x;while(1){ printf( "\nGuess the secret number>"); scanf("%d", &x); if(x == 7) break; else printf("\nSorry! Try again!!!!"); } printf("\n\nCongratulations!!!"); }

int main()

{ float yard, feet; cout << "Please input number of yards: "; cin >> yard; feet = yard * 3; cout << yard << " yards equal to " << feet << " feet." << endl; system("pause"); }

#include <iostream>

int main(){ int x;

x = 1; cout<<"THIS IS 5x Printed the Hello, world!\n"; do { cout<<"Hello, world!\n"; x++; } while ( x <= 5 ); cin.get();}

#include<iostream.h>#define c coutmain(){

c<<"THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF INCREMENT LOOPING\n";

for(int z=1;z<=5;z++){c<<z;c<<"\n";

system("pause");return 0;

#include <iostream>#include <windows.h>using namespace std;main(){

for(int z=1;z<=5;z++){cout <<z<< " Message..."<<endl;Sleep(1000); }//getchar();return 0;

Slideshare account : bergonio11339481

Switch Case and Looping

StatementA Final Requirement

In the course ofFundamentals of Programming

To beSubmitted to:

Professor Erwin M. Globio

Submitted by: Ernestine Angeli A. Bergonio

BM10203October 12, 2012

Fundamentals of programming angeli

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