Functions of drilling rig components

Technical University of Crete Mining Department of Mineral Resources Engineering

Athanasios Paraschos 2007020037

Drilling rigs create boreholes on that are usedin natural gas extraction

A rig that can drill a 10,000ft (3km) wellrequires 50-75 people, 35-45 semi tracks tomove and assemble it.

Drilling operations continue 24hrs and 7daysfor almost full year

By power: mechanical, electrical, hydraulic,steam and so on

By pipe used: cable, metallic or plastic drill, coiltubing

By height: single, double, triple

By rotation type: rotary table, top drive, sonic..

By position of derrick: vertical, slant

Source http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/picture_a_well/Pages/qh_drill_rig.aspx

An assembly of sheaves or pulleys mounted on beams

The drilling line is run over it down and threaded

Source http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/DisplayImage.cfm?ID=310

An assembly ofsheaves or pulleys

The combination oftravelling block withcrown block anddrill line lifts weight

Source http://www.rigmanufacturer.com/travelling-block.html

Hook

It is a four legged loadcarrying structure

It is the most critical structureas it determines the rig´sdepth limit

It carries the load of thecrown block and travellingblock

It should de designedproperly to carry largest dryweights of these loads

Source http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/DisplayImage.cfm?ID=310

Suspends the weight of thedrilling pipe

It is part of fluid circulationsystem and allows for theflow of drilling mud from thestandpipe without leaking

It allows the part below it torotate

Source http://petroequip.placecat.net/product-1127116--power_swivel_used_in_drilling_rigs.html

Travelling block

Derrick

Swivel

Is a part of the circulationsystems that affects the successof drilling operation

Standing pipe: allows the drillingmud to travel up the derrick andconnect to swivel

Drilling mud is pumped frommud tanks by mud pump up thestandpipe

Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Rig_NT8.jpg

Travelling block

Derrick

Swivel

Standing pipe

Mud pump Mud tank

Is used to turn the drillingpipe

It is a special section of pipethat is attached to thebottom of the swivel bythreading.

Drilling pipe rotates as therotary table turns. The kellyconnects these structures tothe swivel

Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Rig_NT8.jpg

Kelly fitted into drive bushing

A powered gear located inside the rotarytable turns the master bushing.

The master bushing turns the Kellybushing.

The square or hexagonal opening in theKelly Bushing fits against the flat sides ofthe Kelly itself and causes it to spin.

The Kelly slides up and down freely insidethe opening in the Kelly Bushing allowing itto move down as the bit drills into the hole

The drill stem and bit are turned by theKelly.

Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Rig_NT8.jpg

It is used in both the Kellysystem and Top Drive system.

The rotary table is located onthe floor of the rig and it iscapable of producing a strongrotating force called

Additional equipmenttransmits torque from therotary table to the drill bit.

Source http://www.shutterstock.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K9x4atwaCvs

Drill Pipe forms the upper part ofthe drill string.

Each section of pipe is called ajoint with a box (female) and pin(male) located on the ends.

Drill pipe is threaded together orassembled in sections and put intothe hole as the bit turns.

Drill pipe is hollow and allows fluidor transmitting wires to passthrough

• It is Located at the bottom end of the drill string andmake contact with the subsurface layers, and drillingthrough them.

•http://www.nov.com/Downhole/Drill_Bits.aspx

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fl8L4qSqSqE&feature=related

The assembly of preventers,spools, valves, and nipplesconnected to the top of thewellhead

prevent the uncontrolledescape of steam or water duringdrilling operations.

http://www.mediafire.com/?uuay2bclaicd2nrtaringa.net

Mud pump: A large, high-pressurereciprocating pump used tocirculate the mud on a drilling rig.

Pressure is as high as 52MPa

Mud pit: Originally, an open pitdug in the ground to hold drillingmud or waste materials such aswell bore cuttings or mudsediments.

Steel tanks are much morecommonly used for thesepurposes now, but they are stillusually referred to as pits.

http://www.mediafire.com/?uuay2bclaicd2nrtaringa.net

It is made of heavy steelpipe

lines the walls of the holeto prevent the wall of thehole from caving in

prevents movement offluids from one formationto another, and to aid inwell control.

The space between thewall of the hole and thecasing is filled by cement

Friction caused by the drilling operation will tend toreduce the outside diameter of the drill bit.

Air must be delivered to the piston at sufficientpressure to activate the reciprocating action, and inturn drive the head into the rock with sufficientstrength to fracture and pulverise it

New non-contact effective drilling technologies: arebased on the utilization of water jet, chemical plasma,hydrothermal spallation or laser

very promising in deep drilling applications

produce boreholes with large constant diameter without frequent replacement of the drill bits

It would decrease time and money consumption

It is in research phase

Paul K. Ngugi, Geothermal well drilling, Short Course III on Exploration for

Geothermal Resources, organized by UNU-GTP and KenGen, at Lake Naivasha, Kenya, October 24 - November 17, 2008

Eustace Githaiga Ndirangu, 2000, selection of a future geothermal drilling rig,geothermal trainng program, the united nations university

Www.wikipedia.org

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_deep_drilling_technology#High-energetic_electrical_plasma

http://www.geothermalanywhere.com/en/news/98-the-official-opening-research-center-for-deep-drilling-technologies.html