Presented by:Salam ElayehDVM; urmia university

2013

Fowl cholera is a highly contagious disease of domestic and

wild birds.Sudden death because of diarrhea→just like man

cholera. Importance:1-economicly.2-historical (pasteur) 3-

biological:wild birds

Pasteurellamultocida

P.gallicida

P.septicaP.multocida

Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod shaped

bi polar Bacteria

•5 serogroup

•A,B,D,E,FCapsular antigens

•16 serogroup

•1−16

Somatic antigens

Attack many kinds of birds as like as: Fowl,Turkey,Duck,Geese,wildbird,water fowl. Turkey are more sensitive than each others.Somedomestic mammals are olsosusceptible

Morbidity:10-80

Mortality:turkey →68

duck→50

poultry→15-50

Age: older than 16 w in layer

4-5 w in broiler

Season:autumn and winter

Enterance:

1-URT mucosal membrane

2-conjunctiva

3-cutaneous wounds

Incubation period:4-9 days

1. start of acute septicemia with coagulopaties

2.production of endotoxin →oedema ,haemorrhagia ,shock,sudden deaths

3.bacteraemia→spreading to lung

4.inf luencing factors →1- crowding, 2-clima,3-concurrent infection 4-nutrition,5- biosecurity, 6-injury and stress

1.Direct contact or aerosol (excretes)

source → latently infected or chronic sick birds

location of infection → URT and nasal cavity

2.Indirectly → personnel and equipment, vectors →pigs, cattle, cats, wild birds, rodents, insects Incubation period→4-9 days

Chronic course Failure of growth and developement of body

Drop in egg production

Swelling of wattles, sinuses

Swelling of joints, foot pad, sternal bursa

Torticolis

Dermal necrosis in turkey

Granulomatous dermatitis in pigeons and birds ofprey

In the chronic form of fowl cholera, suppurative lesions may be found ina variety of locations. In this broiler breeder, severe swelling of the infraorbital sinuses is found on external examination .

Acute form Petechia to ecchymosis on serosis and mucous membrane

exsudative pneumonia

Sub acute form Petechia to ecchymosis in intestine, heart,lungs

exsudate in pericard and body cavity

swollen liver, coagulative necrosis(corn meal liver)

in turkey → frequently exsudative pneumonia

In turkey → flaccid, puckered a hyperemic follicle on ovary

Fowl cholera. Small areas of necrosis in the liver (corn meal liver)

hyperemic follicles

Hemorrhage in heart muscle Haemorrhages in intestine (different extent)

Wattle form, artritis, osteomyelitis

Exsudative serositis

sinusitis

Purulent exudate may be found within the facial swellings

The foot has been incised to show a caseous exudate .

1.history, sings and lesions

2.bacteriology

3.indentification by using biochemical test

4.now is available PCR test

5.bipolar microorganismus by bluedomethylene staining

6.Serology

AGID or ELISA, better for evaluation of vaccine

response

Bluedomethylene,lichman,gimsa staining→bipolar bacteria

Heart and livers blood

Culture in : dextrose starch agar +5%serum

Morphology on D.S.A:

1- Fluorescent→high virolent

2-sectored colony→mild

3-blue or slightly fluorescent→low

4-non fluorescent→non pathogene

MUSSY ODOR

1.Infectious coryza

2.Fowl typhoid

3.Fowl plague(avian flu)

4.Duck plaque(duck herpes virus 1)

5.Otherpaseurellas(p.haemolitica,p.gallinarm)

1-Wild birds

2-Rodents

3-cat.dog,pigs,…

4-Vaccination

1 -live attenuated

2-in activated : razi institute A: 1Best→(-):1,3,4

Age : 8-10 and 18-20 w

In poultry →IM

In turkey →DW

1-Sulfa drugs

2-Semisynthetic penicillins

3-Tertracyclines

4-Erythromycin

Thanks