Post on 21-Jan-2016
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
RPCs in the PHENIX Muon Trigger
Matthias Grosse Perdekamp, RBRC and UIUC
Required rejection and what can be obtained fromdedicated level 1 trigger trackers
What are RPCs ?
Pattern recognition
RLT
The CMS RPCs
Plans for 2004
Beam related backgrounds
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
The chamber structure: • Gap: 2 mm;• HV electrodes : 100 m graphite • Gas pressure : ~ 1 Atm• Gas mixture: ~ 95% F134a, ~ 4.5% Iso-Butane, 0.5%SF6;•bakelite resistivity 10 10- 10 12 cm
Basics of Resistive Plate ChamberBasics of Resistive Plate Chamber
The signal is induced on the read-out electrodes.
From Yong Ban
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Avalanche:The electric field is such that the electron energy is larger than the ionising potential
Basics of Resistive Plate Chamber: working modeBasics of Resistive Plate Chamber: working mode
The separation avalanche-streamer decreases with increasing HV .
CMS-RPC will work at avalanche mode, to ensure the proper operation at very high rate.
RPC has been used in L3, ARGO-YBJ,Belle, BaBar experiments. all 4 LHC experiments will use RPC for muon system.
From Yong Ban
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Interest in the Muon Trigger
Brookhaven National Laboratory: Brookhaven National Laboratory: Edward Kistenev, Peter Kroon, Mike Tannenbaum, Craig Woody
University of ColoradoUniversity of ColoradoFrank Ellinghaus, Ed Kinney, Jamie Nagle, Joseph Seele, Matt Wysocki
University of California at RiversideUniversity of California at RiversideKen Barish, Stefan Bathe, Vasily Dzhordzhadze, Tim Hester, Xinhua Li, Astrid Morreale, Richard Seto, Alexander Solin
University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignMickey Chiu, Matthias Grosse Perdekamp, Hiro Hiejima, Cody McCain,
Jen-Chieh Peng, Ralf SeidelIowa State UniversityIowa State University
John Lajoie, John Hill, Gary SleegeKyoto UniversityKyoto University
Kazuya Aoki, Ken-ichi Imai, Naohito Saito, Kohei ShojiMoscow State UniversityMoscow State University
Mikhail Merkin, Alexander VoroninNevis LaboratoryNevis Laboratory
Cheng Yi ChiPeking UniversityPeking University
Yong Ban, Yajun Mao, Ye’ Yanlin University of New MexicoUniversity of New Mexico
Doug FieldsRIKENRIKEN
Atsushi TaketaniRBRCRBRC
Gerry Bunce, Wei XieUniversity of TenneseeUniversity of Tennesee
Ken Read, Soren SoerensenINFN Trieste
Andrea Vacchi, Mirko Boboesio, Gianluigi Sampa
Group with re-newed interestin PHENIX with the possibleaddition some members of theCMS muon trigger group atPeking University.
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Muon Trigger Rates in Run 2003 at 200 GeV
At √s=500GeV, L=2x1032cm-2s-1:
Collision related: o decay-muon and hadron punch thru background rate > 30kHz Reject with momentum cut
o “remanent induced showers” shielding, pointing, radial cuts
Beam related backgrounds: o hadron punch thru o neutrons o decay muons with incoming beam or outgoing beam
Wei Xie
rejected with timing cut
in time but have to punch through all of PHENIX
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
•Upgraded muon triggerUpgraded muon trigger– Add dedicated muon trigger detectors up- and downstream of the muon
tracker magnet.– Need robustness against beam and
collision related backgrounds.– Support muon tracking
What has been simulated? I
New trackers
similar in the south arm!
•Nose cone calorimeter (NCC)Nose cone calorimeter (NCC)– Can the NCC be used to improve the W-identifcation off-line?- Is this necessary??
Wei Xie
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
What has been simulated? II
» Current muon trigger:Current muon trigger:– 2.3GeV “deep” muon– Factor of 20-50 rejection and robustness to
background required for p+p at highest luminosities
RPC R&D at UIUC and RPC R&D at UIUC and prototype for run 5.prototype for run 5.
Build on CMS experience?Build on CMS experience?
W
Z
bottom
charm
» Two new tracking chambers add Two new tracking chambers add momentum information to trigger.momentum information to trigger.– RPC’s are the solution for downstream tracker
– Even modest timing information help remove beam related background.
– Upstream: RPC or upgrade muTR front end with output to LL1
» Detailed simulations with lookup-Detailed simulations with lookup-table algorithms give table algorithms give specifications:specifications:– Upstream tracker granularity 10x10cm2 into
look-up table – Downstream tracker granularity 30x30cm2
into look-up table– resolution = 1o
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Muon trigger rejections
LUT for tile size: 10cm upstream, 30cm, downstream
Trigger:
(UT*DT*muID.LL1)match*angle-cut
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Results on Rejection Factors (see Wei’s talk for details)
degree
<1 <2 <3 <4 <5 <6 <7 <8 <9 <inf
eff 58% 63% 63% 64% 64% 64 % 64 % 64 % 64 % 64 %
rej 24286 17000 11333 8500 6800 6296 5152 4857 3778 1735
(2). MuTr#1. PC2 Res(R)=20cm, Res(phi)=1o. Mutr#1 tile size 25cm/PC2 tile size 60cm
degree
<1 <2 <3 <4 <5 <6 <7 <8 <9 <10
eff 67% 72% 73% 73% 73% 73% 73% 73% 74% 74%
rej 24286 15455 10000 7391 6071 5484 4250 3864 3091 1518
(1). MuTr#1. PC2 Res(R)=10cm, Res(phi)=1o. Mutr#1 tile size 25cm/PC2 tile size 60cm
• PISA hits is smeared in R/. Need to re-do using real detector configuration.
• efficiency for MuTr/PC2/symset LUT is only 76%. Need to understand.
• efficiency for angle cut <1 degree is less since the PC2 angular resolution is 1 degree.
• Efficiency for LUT start to drop after PC2 resolution > 10cm.
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Beam related backgrounds: RPC timing resolution!
• Outgoing beam background (attenuated by PHENIX absorber)
• Incoming beam background (out of time)
• Neutron background (out of time)
Three beam background components:
Scintillator Pair
• Scintillator study of background time structure in run 2004 (Wei Xie)
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
New PHENIX Experiment Specific Shielding –
(final configuration in progress)Typical Background
iron 4’ thick, 10.5' tallPlan View
Elevation View
Blue beam Yellow beam
MuIDMuID
Beam Background simulationsVasily Dzhordzhadze
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
-+p
+ - e+e-
n
Particles reached MuID
Gap 5 absorber
10K 100 GeV protonsincident on Q03Integrated overallEnergies
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
100K Incident Protons scrapping Magnet
GAP 5
MARS Study shows that Shielding will reduce background only by factor of 3-4
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Pattern Recognition for Muon Tracking?
U-Tracker
Muon fromhadron decays
Muon from W
D-II-Tracker
Silicon endcap
•Muon triggerMuon trigger– Upstream tracker (pad chamber or RPC)– Downstream tracker I (pad chamber or RPC)– Downstream tracker II with timing resolution (RPC)
David Slivermyr, Vince Cianciolo
D-I-TrackerUtilize and upgrade (LL1 output) existing pad-chamber front end electronics (90k channels) pad-size upstream: 1cm2
downstream: 10 cm2
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
R&D and test data
Matthias Grosse Perdekamp, RBRC and UIUC
Evaluation of muID LL1 Wei Xie, Ken Barish: using run 03 data (UCR)
Background Hiroki Sato: run 02 (Kyoto)
Ken Read, Vasily Dzhordzahdze, Vince Cianciolo: run 03, run04 (UT, ORNL) Wei Xie, Hiro Hiejima, MGP (RBRC, UIUC)
Cherenkov Kazuya Aoki, Naohito Saito, Atsushi Taketani: run 03 (Kyoto, RIKEN)
Nosecone Mikhail Merkin, Edward Kistenev, Richard Seto, Gianluigi Sampa (MSU, BNL, UCR, INFN Trieste)
MuTr Kazuya Aoki, Hiroki Sato, Naohito Saito, Doug Fields (Kyoto, UNM)
RLT/RPC Hiro Hiejima, Alex Linden Levy, Cody McCain, Jen-Chieh Peng, Joshua Rubin, Wei Xie, Matthias Grosse Perdekamp (UIUC, RBRC)
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Introduce RPC technology: RPC
o The relative luminosity analysis requires two luminosity monitors which can be scaled to high rates. o ZDC is fine but BBC and NTC have large acceptance and will saturate At L=2x1032cm-2s-1 we expect on average 1.2 interactions/bunch-crossing!
RLT : New 3-station telescope located vertically above the interaction region.
o longitudinal segmentation with ability to a) reject (to a certain degree) non-vertex related background b) monitor luminosity for different vertex cuts.
o azimuthal segmentation to select different momenta and to scale acceptance with luminosity.
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Introduce RPC technolgoy: RLT
nosecone80cm
MA-PMT
x
x
x
x
x
x
FEM
LL1
STAR-Scalers
Technology: RPC vs Scinitillators?
HBD/TPC/Silicon
LUT corresponding todifferent vertex cutsand pT bins.
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
RLT test during run 04
Analysis ongoing, RPC tests at UIUC
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
CMS-RPCCMS-RPC Project: Project: RPC system at CMS detectorRPC system at CMS detector
China’s share of task: • RE1/2, RE1/3 of end-cap RPC (totally 144 detectors);
• RB1(in,out) of Barrel RPC (totally 120 detectors);
From Yong Ban
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Cosmic ray test of the RPC prototype at Peking Cosmic ray test of the RPC prototype at Peking UniversityUniversity
The RPC prototype was being tested by cosmic rays: 3 layers of scintillator construct the cosmic-ray telescope. s small percentage of SF6 killed the streamer signal .
cosmic rays trigger.
avalance signal
Streamer signal
From Yong Ban
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Beam test of Chinese RPC prototype at GIF of Beam test of Chinese RPC prototype at GIF of CERNCERN GIF(Gamma Irradiation Facility): simulate the irradiation environment at
LHC.
Chinese RPC prototype was being tested at GIF
From Yong Ban
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Beam test results of Chinese RPC Beam test results of Chinese RPC prototypeprototype
Conclusion:The Chinese RPC prototype has good mechanical strength,gas-tightness and HV performances;The efficiency and time resolution are satisfactory;The efficiency at very high irradiation is limited due to the high resistivity of the bakelite.
The PKU-RPC group accumulated experience and technical know-how of
RPC.
From Yong Ban
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Laboratory construction at PKULaboratory construction at PKU
Build laboratory for RPC R&D, assembly and test (shared by nuclear experiment group): area of the hall of the workshop ~150m2.
From Yong Ban
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Goals and Schedule for 2004
o RLT background tests analysis ongoing o RLT as test bench for RPCs and front end electronics test stand at UIUC obtained first RPC prototype from Tsinghua U. o Tap into Peking experience with CMS trigger chambers. complete performance evaluation available. evaluate to what extend the CMS design can be adapted for PHENIX. noise rate? Front end electronics? o Independent of technology: production in China, NuTech (STAR TOF RPCs, excellent company!!). o RPC FEEs ??
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Summary
RPCs are well explored cheap technology for muon trigger applications at the LHC. Good timing resolution will proof efficient in rejection incomingbeam backgrounds and neutrons.
Potential to support the muon tracking.
Possibility to build on CMS experience through the Peking group.
RLT may serve as first step in mastering technology locally.
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
Muon Trigger: Physics Motivation
d
d
d
d
u
u
u
uWW
, , , A ,L
A-dependence of nucleon structure
-Spectroscopy
Study color screening effects associated with QGP production in quarkonia withdifferent binding energies. RHIC IIluminosities in combination with beambackgrounds may require level 1 trigger.
Measure the A-dependence of the gluon distribution at small x:
o Drell Yan
o Heavy flavors
does this require a muon trigger upgrade?
/
)(xGA
pp dA AA
ΔG to small x: measure ∫ ΔG(x)dx?
Quark polarizations
What is the impact of high statisticsmeasurements of ALL in open heavyflavor production at 500 GeV on ∆Gat small x. Is there anything the triggerUpgrade can add to doing this in the “e-mu-coincidence” channel…
Flavor separation of quark and anti-quark polarizations in W-production:
Open Heavy Flavor?
Precision study of heavy quark energyloss and fragmentation in the final stateformed in HI collisions at RHIC.
Forward Upgrade Meeting, BNL, August 18-19th
The Importance of x-coverage uncertainty in low-x extrapolation!
Example: Measuring the Quark Spin Contribution to the Proton Spin SLAC (E80 and E130) vs CERN (EMC)
0.1<xSLAC<0.7
A1(x)
x-Bjorken x-Bjorken
∫g1(x)dx=∫A1(x)*F2(x)/
[2x(1+R(x))]dxEllis-Jaffe sum ruleProton spin crisis:
Proton Spin = 1/2h = Quark Spin + Gluon Spin + Orbital Angular Momentum≈0.1 EMC, Phys.Lett.B206:364,1988: 1200 citations!
E130, Phys.Rev.Lett.51:1135,1983: 382 citations.