SEMESTER 1, 2012/13FISH OILS

PKK3200 PRINSIP PEMAKANAN

MANUSIA

LECTURER:PROF. MADYA DR. NORHAIZAN BINTI MOHD.ESA

PREPARED BY:

YOO PHEI YING 161536

AHZAN NURA HAMIMI

161951

SITI NOR SUHAIDA 162175

TIUN YEEN NIEN 162954

GAN TSAE LIAN 163194

OUTLINE

WHAT IS FISH OILS? THE WAYS TO OBTAIN IT HOW DOES IT WORK? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT IN HUMAN

DIETS? BENEFITS OF FISH OILS DEFICIENCY OF FISH OILS EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF FISH OILS DIETARY RECOMMENDATION CONCLUSION

WHAT IS FISH OIL?

A form of fatty acid that is derived from the tissues of oily fish.

Contains the omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

EPA and DHA are a very long derivatives of n-3 which is one of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)

EXAMPLES OF FISH RICH IN OMEGA-3

Example : mackerel, tuna, salmon, sturgeon, mullet, bluefish, anchovy, sardines, herring, trout, and menhaden.

They provide about 1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids in about 3.5 ounces of fish.

EXAMPLES OF FISH RICH IN OMEGA-3

Salmon

Tuna

Herri

ng

EXAMPLES OF FISH RICH IN OMEGA-3

Anchovies

Bluefish

Mackerel

Mullet

THE WAYS TO OBTAIN FISH OILS

EATING

FISH

TAKING SUPPLEMENT

EATING FISH

Fish oils are obtained from i. lean fish, e.g. cod, in which reserve oils

are stored as triacylglycerols in the liversii. fatty fish, e.g. mackerel, in which the oils

are stored in the flesh.Eating broiled or baked fish - reduce the

risk of heart diseaseEating fried fish or fish sandwiches -

cancels out the benefits of fish oil and increase heart disease risk

FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTS

Made from fish skins and livers. Often contain small amounts of

vitamin E to prevent spoilage. They might also be combined with calcium, iron, or vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C, or D.

Usually made from mackerel, herring, tuna, halibut, salmon, cod liver, whale blubber, or seal blubber.

EXAMPLES OF FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTS

HOW DOES IT WORK?

Omega-3 fatty acids reduce pain and swelling. This may explain why fish oil is likely effective for psoriasis and dry eyes. These fatty acids also prevent the blood from clotting easily. This might make fish oil helpful for some heart conditions.

WHY ARE FISH OILS IMPORTANT IN HUMAN DIETS?

Specific fatty acids found in fish oils are prevalent in specialised organs (such as the brain, eyes).

Mammals have a very limited ability to synthesise these fatty acids, so we need to obtain them from our diet

The fatty acids found in fish oils are NOT the same as those in vegetable oils

BENEFITS OF FISH OIL

Heart – Helps reduce the risk of arrhythmias and sudden death by a heart attack.

Brain – Fatty acids in fish oil help to build the membranes of cells in the brain. DHA improves concentration and memory.

Cholesterol and Triglycerides – Lowers triglycerides to help balance cholesterol.

Joints and Arthritis - Better joint function from reduced inflammation and a reduction in pain.

BENEFITS OF FISH OIL

Skin and Beauty – Improves the health and appearance of your skin, helps keep your nails strong, and makes your hair healthy and shiny.

Immune system and Cancer – Proven to be beneficial for the body’s immune function, lowering risk of breast and prostate cancer.

Vision – Improves focus, colour, perception, and clarity of vision.

Digestive System – Improves intestinal health and reduces inflammation.

BENEFITS OF FISH OIL

Allergies – Omega-3 fatty acid intake by mothers during pregnancy may protect babies against the development of allergies. It may also help people with existing allergies.

Diabetes – Fish oil enhances insulin secretion from beta cells in the pancreas, regulating blood sugar levels. DHA plays a protective role in diabetic neuropathy in all forms of diabetes.

DEFICIENCY OF FISH OIL

Building of the cell membranes in the brain and controlling of blood clotting by preventing platelets from clumping together may become inhibited.

Cause poor memory, mood swings and depression.

Symptoms - fatigue, poor circulation, heart problems, and it contributes to skin conditions such as dandruff and eczema, plain old dry skin.

EXCESSIVE INTAKE OF FISH OIL Thin our blood, inhibiting the blood

coagulation process our body needs to stop bleeding after an injury. Excessively thin blood increases risk of internal bleeding - disrupt the normal flow of oxygen throughout your body, or might even lead to bleeding in our brain.

Large amounts fish oil capsules - affect our hair - large amount of vitamin A - toxicity - damage skin and scalp, leading to flaking and tissue breakdown that can impede proper hair growth.

DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS

Eating fish (particularly fatty fish) at least two times a week. (American Heart Association )

People who already have cardiovascular disease: higher amounts are recommended

Pregnant/breastfeeding women/ development during early infancy and childhood: at least 8 and up to 12 ounces (2 – 3 servings) of a variety of seafood per week

CONCLUSION

Fish oil isn't necessarily going to help you build muscle at an accelerated pace directly, but indirectly it will help improve the quality of your workouts and more importantly, really enhance your overall health and disease resistance.

Thank you for your

attention…