Fire Pump System Pressure Control

Sprinkler Fire Pumps System Pressure Control

- by -

James S. Nasby

Columbia Engineering

File: CE Fire Pump System Pressure Control.ppt

Main Topics Covered:NFPA 20 -2007 Provides Three New Means of

Pressure Control in Sprinkler Systems: 1) Break Tanks2) Pressure Regulating or Reducing Valves3) Variable Speed Diesel Driven Fire Pumps 4) Variable Speed Electric Motor Driven Fire

Pumps 5) Bypass Methods of Motor Starting Application for variable Speed Pumps & Case

Studies: 6) High Rise and Warehouse Systems 7) Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples8) Combined (Dual Use) Systems9) Requirement for Successful Installations

1 - Break Tanks 5.30 Break Tanks. Where a break tank is used to provide

the pump suction water supply, the installation shall comply with this section.

5.30.1 Application. Break tanks are used for one or more of the following reasons:

(1) As a backflow prevention device… [E.g.: City of Houston, Texas]

(2) To eliminate pressure fluctuations in the city water supply…

(3) To augment the city water supply…

5.30.2 Break Tank Size. The tank shall be sized for a minimum duration of 15 minutes with the fire pump operating at 150 percent of rated capacity.

5.30.3 Refill Mechanism -- on next slides. 5.30.4 The break tank shall be installed in accordance with

NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection.

Break Tanks - cont'dRefill Requirements

5.30.3 Refill Mechanism - refill mechanism must be listed for automatic operation.

5.30.3.1 If the break tank capacity is less than the maximum system demand for 30 minutes, the refill mechanism must meet 5.30.3.1.1 through 5.30.3.1.5.

5.30.3.1.1 Dual automatic refill lines: each capable of refilling at a min. rate of 150 percent of the fire pump(s) capacity

5.30.3.1.2 If available supplies do not permit 150 percent, each refill line must be capable of at least 110 percent of the max. system design flow.

5.30.3.1.3 A manual tank fill bypass designed & capable of refilling the tank at at least150 percent of the fire pump(s) capacity must be provided.

5.30.3.1.4 If available supplies do not permit 150 percent, the manual fill bypass must be capable of at least 110 percent of the max. system design flow.

5.30.3.1.5 A local visible and audible low liquid level signal must be provided in the vicinity of the tank fill mechanism.

Break Tanks Refill Requirements - cont'd 5.30.3.2 If the break tank is sized to a min. of 30

minutes of the max. system demand, the refill mechanism must meet 5.30.3.2.1 through 5.30.3.2.5.

5.30.3.2.1 The refill mechanism must supply 110 percent of total fire protection system demand [110% × (Total Demand Tank Capacity) / Duration]

5.30.3.2.2 A manual tank fill bypass must also supply the tank at 110 percent of the total system demand [110% × (Total Demand Tank Capacity) / Duration]

5.30.3.2.3 The pipe between the city connection and the automatic fill valve must be installed per NFPA24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances.

5.30.3.2.4 The automatic filling mechanism must be maintained at a min. temperature of 40°F (4.4°C).

5.30.3.2.5 The automatic filling mechanism must activate a maximum of 6 in. (152 mm) below the overflow level.

2 - Pressure Regulating or Reducing Valves

Floor Valves- Recognized in NFPA-13- Some Redundancy (Floor Below and/or Floor Above)- Prohibited in some jurisdictions

Riser or Main Valves- Prohibited in NFPA-20 - Clause 5.15.10 "No pressure-regulating devices…"

[except for "Low Suction Throttling Valves"] & - Clause 5.7.6.2* Pressure relief valves and pressure

regulating devices in the fire pump installation shall not be used as a means to meet the requirements of 5.7.6.1.

- Prohibited in NFPA-24 5.3.1 "No pressure-regulating valve…"

- Recognized in NFPA-14 -- but:Anecdotal and direct observation of failures:Stick Open or Closed & Destructive Oscillation

3 - Variable Speed Diesel Engine Driven Fire PumpsSalient Points: Mechanical Pressure Control Limited (3) Pre-Set Pressures Available Not Field Adjustable Dynamic Response Times Not Field

Adjustable EPA Emission Limitations (Mechanical

Injection & Speed Governor) Not Factory Mutual Approved

4 - Variable Speed Electric Motor Driven Fire Pumps

Salient Points: Redundant Back-up Means:

Automatic fall-back to Full Speed RunningManual Mode Switch and Mechanical Operator

Precise PID* Control Loop (Feedback Control System)

Field AdjustableAny Pressure Set-PointPrecise Control Over Gains and Dynamic Timing

NEMA 12 (U.L. Type 12) Non-Vented Construction Available

Excludes Dirt, Moisture, Water, Insects, etc.Protects VFD circuitry

Five Year Standard Factory Warrantee Available

* PID = Proportional - Integral - Differential (Process Controller)

Variable Speed Electric Motor Driven Fire Pumps - cont'd

Salient Points - continued: Extensive Field Experience:

Over Five Years of Operation HistoryOver Fifty Unit-Years of ExperienceOver 25,000 Running Hours of Experience (20K for One Unit)

Stable over Widely Varying HydraulicsRobust PID Loop can handle: Fast, Slow and Multiple

Hydraulic Time Constants. Very Precise Pressure Control Acheivable

Controls to Within a Fraction of One PSISettles Pump Output to Desired Pressure Set Point Rapidly

U.L. Listed and F.M. Approved Construction Available

Some available with a 50°C (122°F) Temperature Rating Reduced Power and Demand Charger for Weekly

Testing

Mandatory Elements (NFPA-20 Section 10.10)Variable Speed Section

Full Fire Pump Controller Section

Automatic and Manual Switch-over Circuitry

VFD (Variable Speed Drive)

Separate Pressure Transducer for PID Feedback

Restart Delay on Switch to Bypass

Fully Isolated VFD (Off-line in Stand-by Condition)

Fused Variable Speed to Protect the Bypass Path

Minimum 5% Line Reactor (most also have a D.C. one)

Additional Alarm Signals & Contacts

Variable Speed Electric Motor Driven Fire Pumps - cont'dNFPA-20 Further Requirements (Section

10.10): Continuous Full Rated Horsepower VFD Automatic Switch to Bypass if:

VFD doesn't respond in 5 secondsPressure is low for more than 15 seconds

Lock in Bypass Mode (Avoids False Operation)

Fully Coordinated Protection Between Variable Speed and Bypass Paths

Lockable Cabinets Separate Control for Multiple Pump Sites

(No Common Control, No Common Point of Failure)

Variable Speed Motor Drive Controller

Full Speed Bypass Path

Variable Speed Path

Fully Redundant Fire Pump Controller

Note: A-T-L (D-O-L) Full Voltage Starting

in this Example

Variable Speed Motor Drive Controller

Bays: FPC Section, Transfer Switch Section, VFD Section.

Variable Speed Motor DrivesVFD Theory of Operation

3 Phase

Line Freq.

AC to DC

Smoothing(Ripple Reduction)

DC / AC

(at "X" KHz)

Variable Speed Motor DrivesVFD Theory of Operation - cont'd

One Cycle

VFD Inverter Output Voltage Waveform

Variable Speed Motor DrivesVFD Theory of Operation - cont'd

Approximate Motor Current Waveform

2 KHz Ripple

One Cycle

The Installation Must Be Such That: Maximum ambient must not exceed controller (marked) rating Mfr's vent air clearance spaces and service spaces must be

adhered to The motor must be suitable for use with a variable speed drive Motor current draw must not exceed 100% of FLA, even though

the motor may have a 1.15 or higher service factor A gen-set must be suitable for use with a variable speed drive The power source must be capable of bypass mode Starting

method The pump and motor must be rigidly coupled The pump and motor must be properly grouted A relief valve is required for emergency operation unless

system pressure can not be exceed at churn and full speed and max. suction pressure

Successful Installations require a Suitable Controller: UL Listed and F.M. Approved** Note that F.M. Approval requires both Low and High

Temperature testing of the entire controller and at full and partial loads, and also the pressure regulation accuracy over both various loads and temperature extremes.

A U.L. Listed Type 12 (NEMA 12) Non-Vented Enclosure Air to Air or Air to Water Cooling Means Rated NEMA 12 or

better** Not dependant on air conditioning or other refrigeration

schemes. Set point and VFD parameters stored in permanent non-

volatile memory (Flash or EEPROM)** Not dependant on battery backed memory schemes. Flexible and Robust VFD with 800 Vdc or higher Over-

voltage Shutdown (D.C. Capacitor Voltage) A Flexible and Robust PID (Pressure Regulation) Loop

Possible responses from any feedback control system.

Under Damped ResponseUncontrolled (Destructive) Oscillation

Critically Damped (Ideal) Response

Over Damped Response

Variable Speed Motor Drive Pumps Multi-Acre Multi-Building Campus

Fire Pump House

Location

Tower55 Acre Campus

(253 Second Chart Span)

Multiple Fire Water Loops

- plus -

Remote Tower

- lead to -

Multiple System Hydraulic Time

Constants

Note that these were measured

after pump shutdown

Measured:

25s, 20s, 4s, 2s

Hydraulic Time Constants

Stable pressure control requires a robust PID control

loop and expert set-up knowledge and

experience.

Variable Speed Electric Motor Driven Fire Pumps - cont'dNFPA-20 Further Requirements: Continuous Full Rated Horsepower VFD Automatic Switch to Bypass if:

VFD doesn't respond in 5 secondsPressure is low for more than 15 seconds

Lock in Bypass Mode (Avoids False Operation)

Fully Coordinated Protection Between Variable Speed and Bypass Paths

Lockable Cabinets Separate Control for Multiple Pump Sites

(No Common Control, No Common Point of Failure)

NFPA-20 Requirements - cont'd - Main Relief Valves: 5.18.1.1 Where a diesel engine fire pump is installed and

where a total of 121 percent of the net rated shutoff (churn) pressure plus the maximum static suction pressure, adjusted for elevation, exceeds the pressure for which the system components are rated, a pressure relief valve shall be installed.

5.18.1.2* Pressure relief valves shall be used only where specifically permitted by this standard.

5.18.1.3 Where an electric variable speed pressure limiting control driver is installed, and the maximum total discharge head adjusted for elevation with the pump operating at shutoff and rated speed exceeds the pressure rating of the system components, a pressure relief valve shall be installed.

Note: Regarding 5.18.1.3, where the pump churn (shutoff) pressure at full speed plus the max. suction pressure does not exceed the system pressure rating, the relief valve is not needed and should be avoided since it is a point of failure if it opens prematurely or gets stuck open.

NFPA-20 Requirements - cont'd - Main Relief Valves: 9.5.1.1 All motors shall comply with NEMA MG-1,

Motors and Generators, shall be marked as complying with NEMA Design B standards, and shall be specifically listed* for fire pump service.

9.5.1.3 Motors used with variable speed controllers shall additionally meet the applicable requirements of NEMA MG-1, Motors and Generators, Part 31 and shall be marked for inverter duty.

9.5.2.2(2) Where the motor is used with a variable speed pressure limiting controller, the service factor shall not be used.

* No Listed Variable Speed Fire Pump Motors yet. However, the motors used must still otherwise meet all three of these clauses.

Induction Motor Locked Rotor Codes

Table M-02 -- Motor Locked Rotor Code KVA Data and Allowed Horsepowers

"F" "G" "H" "J" Code Letter

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

KVA per Hp 5.00 5.59 5.60 6.29 6.30 7.09 7.10 7.99 LRA/FLA 482% 540% 540% 608% 608% 685% 685% 772% Allowed Hp 15 Hp and up 15 Hp and up 5 thru 10 Hp 5 Hp only

Note: The LRA/FLA ratios shown are approximate for illustration only.

Note: Controllers (15 Hp and higher rated ) are NOT rated, tested, approved, or listed for starting codes above Code "G".

9 - Bypass Methods of Motor StartingEight Common Motor Starting Types: Across‑the‑Line (A‑T‑L or Direct‑On‑Line) Part Winding (Half Winding) Start Primary Resistor Start* Primary (or Neutral) Reactor Start Wye‑Delta (Star‑Delta) ‑ Open Transition* Wye‑Delta (Star‑Delta) ‑ Closed Transition* Soft Start / Soft Stop (SCR Phase Modulation) Autotransformer*

*Not Recommended for Variable Speed Applications

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Full Voltage

Across-The-Line (Direct-On-Line) - Full Voltage Starting

Starting

Amps = 600%

KWatt = 240%

Torque* = 100%

*Reference Value

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Part Winding

Starting

Amps = 390%

KWatt = 156%

Torque* = 48%

*Will bring Fully Loaded Pumps up to Speed

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Part Winding

Note: The Motor Must be Wound Specifically for Part Winding Start.

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Primary Resistor

Reference Only Greatly Increases Starting KW load on Gen-Sets due to High Power Factor (0.80pf on 65% Tap Setting)

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Primary Reactor

Starting

Amps = 390%

KWatt = 111%

Torque* = 42%

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Primary Reactor

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Y-Δ Closed Transition

Starting

Amps = 200 / 600%

KWatt = 80 / 240%

Torque* = 33%

*Will NOT bring Fully Loaded Pumps up to Speed

Also requires additional Wye contactor Interlocking in addition to Motor Contactors (not practical).

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Y-Δ Closed Transition

The "Y" and "M2" Contactors must be both Electrically and Mechanically Interlocked to avoid inadvertent short circuits.

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Y-Δ Open Transition

Same Problems as with Y-Δ Closed Transition But also has a Transition Hazard (High Spike Current which can cause the Circuit Breaker to Trip with Stiff Source)

Lagging

Leading Closed

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Soft Start (Solid State)

Starting

Amps = 240 / 400%

KWatt = Ramps

Torque* = 16 / 44%

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Soft Start (Solid State)

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Autotransformer

Starting

Amps = 276%

KWatt = 110%

Torque* = 42%

Requires additional Wye contactor Interlocking in addition to Motor Contactors (not practical).

Bypass Methods of Motor Starting - Autotransformer

The "Y" and "M" Contactors must be both Electrically and Mechanically Interlocked to avoid inadvertent short circuits.

Starting Methods -vs- Motor

Table M-04 - Motor and Starting Types

Starting Type Motor Type Starting Type Motor Type

Full voltage Standard/Any Primary Reactor Standard/Any

Part Winding Part Winding Primary Resistor Standard/Any

Wye Delta - Closed Delta Run Autotransformer Standard/Any

Wye Delta - Open Delta Run Soft Start (SCR) Standard/Any

Neutral Reactor Wye Running Wound Rotor Wound rotor

Motor Starting Characteristics

Parameter Chart

Fire Pump Starting Type Characteristics - for - Electric Fire Pump Motors and Controllers

Starting Characteristics (at Stall) -- Typical Values -for- Fully Load Pump (1) Starting Starting Starting Accelerate Motor Motor Amps Amps Starting Power Starting Full Load Type Contactors Closed & KVA & KVA Power % F.L. Torque to Starting Type Note Note (3) Transition % LRA % FLA Factor Note (4) % ATL Full Speed Notes Across-the-Line Any 1 N/A 100% 600% 40% 240% 100% Yes (a)

Part Winding Special (2) 2 Yes 65 390 40 156 48 Usually (b) Primary Resistor Any 2 Yes 65 390 80 314 42 Yes (c)

Primary Reactor Any 2 Yes 65 390 28 111 42 Yes (c) Neutral Reactor 6/12 Lead 2 Yes 65 390 28 111 42 Yes (c)

Wye-Delta Open 6/12 Lead 3 No 33/100 200/600 40 80/240 33 No (d) Wye-Delta Closed 6/12 Lead 4 Yes 33/100 200/600 40 80/240 33 No (d)(e)

Soft Start/Stop Any 1/2 Yes 40/67 240/400 Varies Ramps 16/44 Yes (f) Autotransformer Any 3 Yes 46 276 40 110 42 Yes (c)(g)

Motor Starting Characteristics

Parameter Notes to Chart

Motor Starting Characteristics Chart Notes (1) Refer to Factory details. (2) Part Winding Motors must be wound specifically for this service. Some motors may not

accelerate to full speed in the starting mode. See Note (b). (3) Units with two or more contactors have two basic steps (Accelerate & Run) with steps three

and four being for transitions. (4) Starting KW Power as a percent of motor full load power requirement. (a) Also called "A-T-L" or Direct-On-Line. Motor Power Factor taken as 40%. Other values

shown are due to the effects of the controller. (b) Part Winding Parameters vary with the motor. Starting Amps & KVA vary from around

60% to 70%, Starting Torque from around 45% to 50%. The motor can start a fully loaded pump if it has no large torque dip or cusp. See the text discussion on Part Winding Starting for details.

(c) Figures are for tap set at 65% which yields a motor voltage of 65% of line (mains) voltage. (d) The Dual Figures are for Starting and Transition. The transition values are to finish

accelerating a fully loaded pump. Examples include deluge or open systems, re-starting a fully loaded pump after a power failure or interruption, and failure of another pump feeding the same system.

(e) Ignores the momentary transition resistor loads. (f) Varies with pump load and particular Soft Starter used. Values shown are initial and

maximum for a typical fully loaded pump. MCS uses the second (Start) contactor for isolation. Others use only the Bypass contactor.

(g) The 46% Starting Amps & KVA figures include the Autotransformer exciting current.

7 - Rough Rules of Thumb Transformer or Gen-Set Sizing – 125% almost never

enough Full Voltage (A-T-L) Starting

Often needs 300% to 500% Sizing Reduced Inrush Starting

Often needs 250% to 400% Sizing Depending on:

Device Impedance and Voltage Drops of: Transformer Source and Primary

Wiring Run and Wiring Run to Controller Sizing for Variable Speed depends on Bypass Start

method.For More info. see: mastercontrols.com/EngInfo/Articles/Nasby/Motor-Starting-

Parameters_WP0.pdfFrom: mastercontrols.com/AboutFPC/MCSldA00.htm And: mastercontrols.com/EngInfo/MCEngInf.htm#TechArts

Why not to specify Wye-Delta Starting:mastercontrols.com/EngInfo/Articles/Nasby/Wye-Delta_Starting_White_Paper.pdf

Variable Speed Case StudiesApplication for Variable Speed Pumps: 6) High Rise and Warehouse Systems 7) Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pumps8) Combined Fire and Domestic Water

Systems9) Requirement for Successful

Installations

6 - High Rise and Warehouse Systems

High Rise and Warehouse Systems - cont'd

Fire Pump CurveVarious Pump Speeds

020406080

100120140160

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Flow - GPM

100% Speed 90% Speed 80% Speed

Fire Pump & Water Supply Curves

0 500 1000 1500 2000Flow - GPM

System Curve Fire Pump Water Supply

Pressure Variables

Pump Pressure ~ RPM Squared

System CurveVariable Speed Drive

0 500 1000 1500 2000Flow - GPM

System Curve Variable Speed

Pressure Set-Point

(Set Pressure)

Feedback Control System (PID Loop) "limits" the pressure by "flattening" the curve to the desired set pressure by controlling the pump speed.

Note that Note that allall pumps are pumps are allowed to have a 40% rise allowed to have a 40% rise

to churn (Shutoff).to churn (Shutoff).

Set-point (PID) control compensates for pressure variations in:

1) Suction Supply

2) Pump Inlet Friction Loss

3) Pump Curve

It does not compensate for discharge & system piping friction loss since pressure is sensed at the pump discharge.

Note that by the time the pressure drops below the Note that by the time the pressure drops below the Set Pressure, the pump will be running at Set Pressure, the pump will be running at Full SpeedFull Speed..

For best economy, For best economy, use the use the most efficientmost efficient pump to reduce the pump to reduce the horsepower required. horsepower required.

A flat pump curve A flat pump curve does notdoes not help the controller control pressure. help the controller control pressure.

The pump curve The pump curve must bemust be monotonic (no rise in the pump curve). monotonic (no rise in the pump curve).

Note motor Inverter Duty Label.

Variable Speed Pump Mitigates Pressure Loss between Pump House and buildings.Variable Speed Pump Mitigates Pressure Loss between Pump House and buildings.

2500 Gpm Test Flow

1,500,000 Sq.Ft. Distribution Center

250 Hp 2500 Gpm Pump

Serious Supply Pressure Variation

7 - Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples Horizontal Split Case Vertical In-Line Vertical Turbine Deep Well Vertical Turbine

Horizontal and Vertical Fire Pump Examples - cont'd

A large College Campus Education Building (Sprinkler Retrofit).A large College Campus Education Building (Sprinkler Retrofit).

Same College Campus, Different Education (Also Retrofit)Same College Campus, Different Education (Also Retrofit)

The College BuildingsThe College Buildings

125 Hp deep well dual use vertical turbine pump125 Hp deep well dual use vertical turbine pump

125 Hp deep well dual use pump125 Hp deep well dual use pump

100 Hp Vertical In-line pump100 Hp Vertical In-line pump

8 - Combined (Dual Use) Systems Water Supplies

MunicipalDeep Well

Types (Purpose)Domestic and Fire WaterProcess Water for Heat Pumps

Back-up Fire Water (Must Have)Multiple Pumps w/ Municipal SourceMultiple WellsWell & Tower

Combined (Dual Use) Systems - cont'd Optional Multiplexing (Must be

Independent)Variable Speed Jockey Pump

Alternate Between Pumps

Tower Re-fill (Domestic Water) Optional Additional Control - Pressure

Switch &Remote Fire Signal Start

Building (Campus) Control System (speed control)

Combined (Dual Use) SystemFire and Domestic Water

Very Large Mall

Domestic and Fire Water

(Backup for Domestic)

Four Pumps

2 @ 30 Hp (VIL)

2 @ 60 Hp (HSC)

T-Switch Controllers

Triplexed (Lead-Lag)

With Interlocked Backup

Pressure & Fire Signal (Remote) Start on Lead

(Sports Store Ammunition Storage)

Combined (Dual Use) SystemFire and Domestic Water

Triple Dual Use SystemFire, Domestic & Tower Refill

Near MinneapolisWater Treatment Room

Triple Use System

Very Medical Housing Campus

Domestic & Fire Water & Tower Refill

Deep Well Pump

125 Hp 1250 GPM

Triple Controller Control

1) Pressure Start Based on Tower Water Level

2) Fire Alarm System Start and Full Speed Run

3) Campus Control System controls speed for best water treatment (300

to 400 gpm for tower refill daily.

Note: Tower limits campus water system pressure (tower overflows).

Dual Use Fire and Domestic Water

DOD Approved Very Large Many Building Military Installation - 3 Pumps:

Variable Speed Motor Drive, Diesel PLD Drive & VFD Jockey Pump

125 Hp Controller with Dual Coolers

Low Suction, Low and High System Pressure Alarms

Note Alarm Set:

Used to consolidate Tamper Signals to

Fire Pump Controller which

feeds a Radio Link Alarm System

Two sets of Dual Relief Valves (one Set to Waste the other Bypasses) Coordinates with several other pump rooms and fire pumps.

9 - Requirement for Successful Dual-Use Installations Back-up Fire Water Supply Careful Analysis and System Design Suitable Controller(s) - See Section 4

Careful Attention to Pressure Settings

Flexible and Robust PID Loop

Proper Sequencing &Multiplexing Between Pumps

Fully Independent Control Proper Installation - See Section 4 Training of Personnel

Requirement for Successful Dual-Use Installations - cont'd

Automatic sequencing of pumps required in accordance with 9.6.3 (and required by 10.5.2.5).

Note: This eases the starting electrical load. Automatic sequencing of fire pumps

needed for pumps in parallel or in series- Any pump supplying suction to another pump starts before it (High Zone Delayed Start) -or- - If water requirements call for more than one pumping unit to operate (pumps in parallel)- Pumps must start at intervals of 5 to 10 seconds- Failure of any pump may not prevent any others from starting

NFPA-20 2007 Chapter 9Electric Drive for Pumps - Cont'd

Motor Starting Slide Show Links:mastercontrols.com/EngInfo/Articles/Nasby/EFPXS-2B_WP5.PDFmastercontrols.com/EngInfo/Articles/Nasby/Motor-Starting-

Parameters_WP0.pdf

mastercontrols.com/EngInfo/Articles/Nasby/Wye-Delta_Starting_White_Paper.pdf

mastercontrols.com/ProdInfo/Flyers/ECV_Application_Notes-Iss4.PDF

Above from: mastercontrols.com/EngInfo/MCEngInf.htm#TechArts

mastercontrols.com/EngInfo/Articles/Nasby/Handouts/Motor_Starting/Session_321-2_Supplemental-Handout.PDF

Above from: mastercontrols.com/AboutFPC/MCSldA00.htm

This Show:slideshare.net/JamesSNasby/fire-pump-system-pressure-control

Questions ?

jamessnasby@ieee.org

847-677-3468

Fire Pump System Pressure Control

Technology

Transcript of Fire Pump System Pressure Control

Fire Pump Testing

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