Post on 08-Apr-2018
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ElectrochemicalElectrochemical Glucose Biosensor ofGlucose Biosensor of
PlatinumPlatinum NanospheresNanospheres connected by Carbonconnected by CarbonNanotubesNanotubes
by
Kapil Bhosale
Niraj Ghom
May 4, 2011
Cleveland State University
EEC 693: Course Presentation
Biosensor
Instructor: Dr. Siu Tung Yau
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Presentation Outline:
Introduction
What is Biosensor
What is Glucose Biosensor
Characteristics of Biosensor
Types of Biosensor
Application of Biosensor
Need of Glucose Biosensor
Fabrication method of Glucose Biosensor
Results
Fluorescence Microscopy
Hydrogen Peroxide sensing
Glucose Sensing
Conclusion
References
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What is Biosensor
A biosensor is an analytical
device which converts a
biological response into an
electrical signal.
It detects, record and transmit
the information regarding
physiological change or
process.
It determines the presence andconcentration of a specific
substance in any test solution.
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What is Glucose Biosensor
Glucose reacts with
glucoseoxidase (GOx) to form
gluconicacid. Two electrons &
two protons are also
produced.
Glucose mediator reacts with
surrounding oxygen to form
H2O2 and GOx.
Now this GOx can reacts withmore glucose.
Higher the glucose content,
higher the oxygen
consumption.
Glucose content can be-
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Characteristics of Biosensor
LINEARITY: Maximum linear value of the sensor calibrationcurve. Linearity of the sensor must be high for the detection of highsubstrate concentration.
SENSITIVITY: The value of the electrode response per substrateconcentration.
SELECTIVITY: Interference of chemicals must be minimized forobtaining the correct result.
RESPONSE TIME: The necessary time for having 95% of theresponse.
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Types of Biosensor
Piezo-Electric Biosensors
Electrochemical Biosensors
Optical Biosensors
Photometric Biosensors
Thermal Biosensors
ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSOR PRINCIPLE:
Many chemical reactions produce or consume ions or electrons
which in turn cause some change in the electrical properties of the
solution which can be sensed out and used as measuring parameter.CLASSIFICATION
(1) Amperometric biosensor
(2)Conductimetric biosensor
(3) Potentiometric biosensor
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Application of Biosensor
In Food industries for Food Analysis
Study of biomolecules and their interaction
Drug Development, discovery and evaluation of biological activityof new compounds.
Crime detection Medical diagnosis (both clinical and laboratory use)
Environmental field monitoring
Quality control
Industrial Process Control
Detection systems for biological warfare agents Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement organs
Analytical measurement of folic acid, biotin,vitamin B12 andpantothenic acid.
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Why Glucose Biosensors are Important?
Glucose biosensors are:
Important tools in food safety, diagnostics, medical monitors, anddetection systems for biological warfare agents.
Important devices offering analytical simplicity both in and outside
the analytical laboratory. Selective, rapid and sensitive instruments for determination ofchemical and biochemical targets
Important to improve the prognosis of diabetes and critically illpatients
Glucose monitoring technologies to maintain healthy lifestyle and
prevent diabetes related complications. Ex: premature death, kidneyfailure, blindness.
It is of importance in the food industry for quality control purposes,in fermentation and, most importantly, as a clinical indicator ofdiabetes.
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Fabrication Method:
Step 1: Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) template
Step 2: CNT growth inside PAA
Step 3: Formation of Platinum Nanosphere
Step 4: Conversion of CNT/Pt into Glucose Biosensor
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Contd...
Step 1: Fabrication of Porous Anodic Alumina (PAA) template: Substrate: wafer
Stacking thin metal film of Ti, Al, Fe
Anodization Process
Formation of semi-order pores up to Ti layer
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Contd..
Step 2: Carbon Nano Tube growth inside PAA:
Synthesized by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
(MPCVD)
Each pores contains CNT which is 3-10 in length and 1-3 nm in
diameter
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Contd..
Step 3: Formation of Platinum Nanosphere: By Electrochemical Process
3 Electrodes:
CNT/PAAWorking Electrode
Platinum GauzeAuxiliary Electrode Reference Electrode
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Contd..
Partially fills the pores in PAA Electrical contact between CNT and Ti layer
Pt wires forms Pt Nanosphere of 200 nm in diameter
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Contd..
Verification of the creation of Platinum Nanosphere
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Contd..
Step 4: Conversion of CNT/Pt into Glucose Biosensor:
Enzyme: Glucose oxidase
Immobilized via a cross-linking matrix of Bovine Serum Albumin
(BSA) and Gultaraldehyde
Role of BSA: To block excess aldehyde sites and to aid in maximizing
enzyme activity
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Results:
To test working of , Electrochemical process is used.
In this process amperometric and glucose biosensing is carried
out.
Enzymatic Reaction:
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Contd..
To demonstrate the biofunctionalization capability of CNT/PAAfollowing results are acquired:
Fluorescence Microscopy
Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing
Glucose Sensing
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Contd..
Fluorescence Microscopy:
Used to analyze CNT protein adsorption
Intensity is five times higher
Produces adequate quantity of defect sites
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Contd..
Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing: Electroactive nature of CNT/Pt Nanosphere biosensor
Why is sensitivity important in Biosensors?
Produces high sensitivity
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Contd..
Glucose Sensing:
High Micromolar Sensitivity upto
Less Response time of 8 sec
Lower Glucose detection limit of 380 nM
Signal to Noise ratio of 3
Linear Sensing region is from to
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Contd..
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Conclusion:
High Sensitivity
Enhanced Mass Transport
Improved catalysis as redox transducer
Low Glucose detection limit
Low signal to noise ratio
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Contd..
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References:
[1] Jonathan C. Claussen, M.S., Sungwon S. Kim, Ph.D., Aeraj ul
Haque, M.S., Mayra S. Artiles, B.S., D. Marshall Porterfield, Ph.D.
and Timothy S. Fisher, Ph.D., Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor
of Platinum Nanospheres Connected by Carbon Nanotubes March
2010, Diabetes Technology Society.
[2] Claussen, Jonathan C.; Franklin, Aaron D.; Haque, Aeraj U.;
Porterfield, D M.; and Fisher, Timothy, Electrochemical Biosensor
of Nanocube-Augmented Carbon Nanotube Networks 2009, ACS
Nano.
[3] H. J. Wang, C. M. Zhou, F. Peng, H. Yu, Glucose Biosensor Based
on Platinum Nanoparticles supported Sulfonated-carbon nanotubes
modified glassy carbon electrode, International Journal of
Electrochemical Science, vol. 2, 2007, pp. 508-516.
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Thank YouThank You
&&Questions!!!!Questions!!!!